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Biomedical subjects

J Rawlinson

Publications and source records attributed to J Rawlinson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Technical report: percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with other serious illnesses (Howard, 1981) and the mortality rate after surgical cholecystostomy may reach 15% (McGahan and Lindfors, 1989). Radiologically controlled percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe, minimally invasive, procedure which may be curative (McGahan and Lindfors, 1989; Berger et al., 1989). Both cases described here were successfully treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy. A modified Seldinger technique was used in one and a direct 'trocar' puncture in the other. Percutaneous cholecystostomy, which is technically relatively straightforward, is now the treatment of choice for acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Ischaemic colitis: clinical, radiological and pathological correlation in three cases.

The clinical and plain radiographic findings in three patients presenting with ischaemic colitis are presented. The radiographic signs were atypical in that featureless dilatation of the large bowel was present with no evidence of gas within the bowel wall or 'thumbprinting', and changes were not localized to the left colon. No thrombotic or embolic vascular occlusion was evident on examination of the resected specimens. We attempt to correlate the pathological and radiological findings, and emphasize the importance of considering this diagnosis in elderly patients who have a dilated featureless colon on plain radiographs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Through the colonoscope--a radiologist's view.

A series of 1578 consecutive colonoscopies performed by radiologists in training is reviewed, with specific reference to patients with colorectal neoplasms. The contribution of the radiologist to the practice of colonoscopy is discussed. This input to the colonoscopy service of a hospital carries several benefits, including the following: a link is established between radiologists and gastroenterologists which improves the standard of both barium enema and colonoscopic examinations; informed discussion is made possible about the suitability of a barium enema lesion for endoscopic removal; the endoscoping radiologist acquires an impartial view of each examination and is able to choose the more appropriate investigation; direct visualisation of the colonic mucosa and its abnormalities may facilitate the interpretation of barium radiographs and enhance the quality of the radiological training that can be offered. In our experience, participation in a weekly colonoscopy session has had no adverse effect on the routine work of the radiology department.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Use of a bacterial sampler for rapid transfer of microvolumes into microplates.

A method has been devised to transfer very small volumes of serum from microplates prepared during routine screening of blood into microplates containing diluent. Simultaneous transfer of 96 samples is achieved without the need for disposable tips, while still avoiding carry-over between different plates. Using this method a mean transfer volume of 0.9 microliters (cv 8.9%) was obtained, which lent itself conveniently to testing for high-titre anti-microbial antibodies for which high dilution factors are required.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Radiological evidence for the polyp/cancer sequence in the colon.

Three cases of frank malignancy developing in pre-existing colonic polyps are presented. Although this sequence of events is well recognised, it is rarely demonstrated radiologically. The cases illustrate the importance of identifying and appropriately treating polypoid colonic lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

The significance of haematomas of the basal ganglia in closed head injury.

In a large series of patients with severe closed head injury, 26 (3.2%) had haematomas of the basal ganglia. It is suggested that such haematomas indicate primary brain damage, being part of the spectrum of lesions that may be seen in diffuse axonal injury. Clinical outcome was found to depend on the pattern of brain damage, notably on the additional presence of contusions or of other computed tomographic (CT) evidence of diffuse axonal injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transient diverticula of the colon.

Transient diverticula are radiological phenomena that can be observed in a minority of patients undergoing barium enema. Radiographs before and after smooth muscle relaxation are required. Diverticula seen on the early radiographs may, in some patients, disappear following the intravenous administration of 20 mg hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan). Using this technique in 441 examinations, transient diverticula have been observed in 18 patients (4.1%). They exhibit many features of established diverticula which suggests that they represent an incipient stage of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Rapid transfer of small volumes of serum into microplates.

A method has been devised to transfer small volumes of serum, as an adjunct to larger volume sampling, into microplates. The Costar Transplate 96 machine is used routinely in our laboratory for transferring serum samples into reaction wells for anti-HIV screening. Using this additional method a mean of 4 microliters of serum was transferred, within acceptable limits of error (coefficient of variation, c.v., 16%).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

Pre-operative or postoperative colonic examination for synchronous lesions in colorectal cancer.

A review of 130 consecutive large bowel examinations at which a cancer of the colon or rectum was diagnosed has been undertaken. Of 50 patients examined by colonoscopy, the whole colon was seen in only 21 (42 per cent) and almost half of these had a tumour in the caecum or ascending colon. In most cases, an incomplete examination was the result of narrowing of the lumen by the tumour preventing passage of the endoscope. Of 80 patients examined by double contrast barium enema, the entire length of the colon was visualized in 83 per cent but the quality of the examination was sufficient to confidently exclude synchronous neoplastic lesions in only 51 per cent. The incidence of synchronous cancer in this series was within the expected range, although two such cancers were not detected until laparotomy, but the incidence of synchronous adenomas was two-thirds of the expected number in colonoscopy patients and one-third in those examined by barium enema. It is concluded that, in patients with known colorectal cancer, preoperative investigation is unreliable for the detection of all synchronous neoplasia and that patients should have postoperative colonoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ventilation/perfusion mismatch in interstitial fibrosis.

Regional pulmonary perfusion defects unmatched by ventilation loss, occurring in a patient with proven interstitial lung fibrosis, is reported. This condition is not a widely recognized cause of ventilation/perfusion mismatch.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of metatarsalgia by sliding distal metatarsal osteotomy.

A consecutive series of 113 patients who had distal sliding metatarsal osteotomy performed between 1976 and 1983 at Winford Orthopaedic Hospital were reviewed. All patients originally had symptoms and signs of pressure metatarsalgia. A total of 124 feet in 94 patients were available for assessment. Review was performed using a symptomatic scoring system, clinical examination, AP and lateral standing radiographs, and walking foot pressure studies obtained from a Harris-Beath mat. The mean follow-up period was 3 years and 4 months (range nine to 102 months). Symptomatically, 58 feet (47%) were rated as good, 43 (34%) as fair, and 23 (19%) as poor. Eighteen feet (14%) had required revision procedures prior to the time of review because of persistent symptoms. Persistent tender prominence of one or more metatarsal heads associated with plantar callosities was seen in 49 feet (40%). Results were significantly worse in patients older than 65 years of age, when first and fifth metatarsal osteotomies were performed, and when plaster immobilization was used postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quality of urograms in infants: a comparison of sodium diatrizoate, metrizamide and iohexol.

A consecutive series of 314 intravenous urograms performed in infants were reviewed and assessed for quality. The first 106 examinations were performed using sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque 270) as the contrast medium, the next 98 patients received metrizamide (Amipaque 280) and the final 110 received iohexol (Omnipaque 300). Thirty-five patients had to be excluded from the study for a variety of reasons, after which there were totals of 98 in the diatrizoate, 90 in the metrizamide and 91 in the iohexol groups. Assessing quality in terms of nephrographic and pyelographic density, sodium diatrizoate was found to be better than the non-ionic agents. Although the differences reached statistical significance they are small and unlikely to affect the information obtained in clinical practice. There was no difference in overall quality between metrizamide and iohexol. Comparing the degree of pyelographic distension and ureteric visualization using the three agents, no difference was found between the groups.

Diatrizoate↗