Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Ransohoff

Publications and source records attributed to J Ransohoff.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Head injuries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and cerebral vasospasm.

Experimental cerebral vasospasm was studied in cat and monkey models. In the cat, the basilar artery was exposed by a transclival approach and spasm induced by the application of blood to the vessel. In the monkey, spasm was produced by injecting blood into the subarachnoid space. Vessel size was determined in the cat by direct observation and, in the monkey, by cerebral angiography. Several agents known to alter the synthsis and degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were used to modity the vasospasm produced. Isoproterenol (Norisodrine) and aminophyline were effective in reversing cerebral vasospasm when applied topically and when administered parenterally. It is suggested that manipulation of the cyclic AMP pathways may be an effective method of controlling cerebral vasospasm.

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone↗
PubMed1975

Avoidance of shunt dependency in hydrocephalus.

An approach to the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus is proposed which is intended to reduce or eliminate shunt dependency by increasing the effectiveness of remaining pathways of absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In suitable cases, intermittent cranial compression by means of an elastic bandage or a helmet with an inflatable inner-lining may be effective. Hydrocephalus was arrested in nine of 14 children treated with this method, eight of whom have developed normally. When cranial compression is contra-indicated or not successful, the preferred method of treatment is an 'on-off' type of valve which is used intermittently to drain a fixed volume of cerebrospinal fluid. Of 18 children who had such shunts inserted, 10 have become totally independent of their shunts and their hydrocephalus has become compensated. All are of normal intelligence. Subtemporal craniectomy was performed on seven shunt-dependent children with recurrent catheter obstruction. Four have been followed for six months and three for two years and in no case has there been further malfunction of the proximal catheter.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1975

Correction of ocular hypertelorism.

36 patients with congenital hypertelorism, eight with Crouzon's disease, and three with a posttraumatic deformity, were operated with Tessier's technique with some modifications, i.e. the dura is not separated from the cribriform plate avoiding olfactory damage. The entire procedure for hypertelorism could be carried out in less than 5 h but correction of Crouzon's disease required 6-8 h, and longer in older patients. There was only one intraoperative anesthesic death in a 3-year-old child. One cardiac arrest recovered. Nine staphylococcus infections were superficial and readily treated. There was postoperative cerebral edema in one case and convulsions following surgery in another. Anticonvulsants and steroids were subsequently routinely employed. There were no SF fistulas. Excellent cosmetic results are due primarily to the skill of the plastic surgeons.

Craniofacial Dysostosis↗
PubMed1975

Cerebral fluid dynamics and brain regional blood flow in experimental hydrocephalus.

Cerebral blood flow was measured by the indicator fractionation technique in normal, acute hydrocephalic, chronic compensated hydrocephalic and craniectomized hydrocephalic cats. In the five normal cats the mean total brain blood flow was 136.1 ml/min/100 g dry weight. The six acute hydrocephalic animals demonstrated a relatively uniform 22% reduction in total blood flow. In eight chronic hydrocephalic cats CBF increased to the point where there was only an overall 7% decrease. In three hydrocephalic and craniectomized cats the CBF was reduced by 30.6%. In the acute phases there was a decrease in the number of blood vessels. Chronic compensated hydrocephalic brains had somewhat more vessels than the normal, whereas the craniectomized, massively hydrocephalic brain had a dramatic increase in both the number and caliber of blood vessels. These results clearly demonstrate that in acute obstructive hydrocephalus in cats, there is a significant decrease in CBF. The blood vessels revert to normal in shunted cats.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Desmosterol in rat central and peripheral nervous systems during normal and neoplastic growth.

Desmosterol (5, 24-cholestadien-3beta-ol; delta 24-cholesterol; 24-dehydrocholesterol), an immediate precursor of brain cholesterol, increased in malignant intracranial tumors induced in rats by nitrosourea derivatives. The average increase in desmosterol was higher in intracerebral gliomas than in neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve. Similarly, desmosterol increased only slightly in developing normal trigeminal nerve compared to the high levels observed in developing cerebrum. The differences may have been partly related to the predominantly growing cell type, i.e., glial (central nervous system) or Schwann (peripheral nervous system) cells seen at the time of study.

Age Factors↗