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Biomedical subjects

J Ransohoff

Publications and source records attributed to J Ransohoff.

229 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral arteritis in scleroderma.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare in scleroderma unless there are concomitant abnormalities in renal or lung function or malignant hypertension. A 43-year-old woman with typical scleroderma developed subacute encephalopathy despite absence of the above abnormalities. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a focal arteritis. The patient improved while being given corticosteroids. We believe this case indicates that cerebral arteritis can occur in scleroderma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of regional brain glucose utilization in vivo using [2(-14)C] glucose.

A new technique is described for the autoradiographic determination of regional brain glucose metabolism employing 14C labeled glucose as substrate and measurement principles previously described for whole brain. Regional glucose values correlate closely with those reported for the 14C-deoxyglucose technique. The method has the advantages of 1) a much shorter experimental period, 2) a relatively simple mathematical treatment, and 3) the utilization of the actual, fully metabolizable substance itself, glucose, as the label. In addition to normal rats, regional values are reported for 20 individual brain areas of rats in bicuculline induced status epilepticus, rats intoxicated with ammonium and rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium or ketamine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Free radicals in cerebral ischemia.

The possibility that cerebral ischemia may initiate a series of pathological free radical reactions within the membrane components of the CNS was investigated in the cat. The normally occurring electron transport radicals require adequate molecular oxygen for orderly transport of electrons and protons. A decrease in tissue oxygen removes the controls over the electron transport radicals, and allows them to initiate pathologic radical reactions among cell membranes such as mitochondria. Pathologic radical reactions result in multiple products, each of which may be present in too small a concentration to permit their detection at early time periods. It is possible to follow the time course, however, by the decrease of a major antioxidant as it is consumed by the pathologic radical reactions. For this reason, ascorbic acid was measured in ischemic and control brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. There was a progressive decrease in the amount of detectable ascorbic acid ranging from 25% at 1 hour to 65% at 24 hours after occlusion. The reduction of this normally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger may indicate consumption of ascorbic acid in an attempt to quench pathologic free radical reactions occurring within the components of cytomembranes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acoustic neuroma surgery: an eclectic approach with emphasis on preservation of hearing. The New York University-Bellevue experience.

During the past 10 years, 157 patients have been operated on at the New York University-Bellevue Medical Center for acoustic neuromas and other cerebellopontine angle tumors. We describe our diagnostic protocol with joint neurosurgical evaluation leading to either translabyrinthine (otology only) or suboccipital-transmeatal (combined otology-neurosurgery) surgery. The decision is made on the basis of tumor size, level of hearing, age, and health of the patient. Using these criteria, 105 suboccipital and 59 translabyrinthine operations were performed with eight patients having had two-stage operations. In 12 of 29 patients, hearing was successfully preserved. Of 18 patients with good hearing and extracanalicular tumors less than 2 cm, hearing was preserved in 11. We describe the surgical technique used in this suboccipital-transmeatal operation and present illustrative cases in detail.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary experience with ultrasonic aspiration in neurosurgery.

A new instrument utilizing ultrasonic energy to fragment and aspirate normal and pathological tissue has been evaluated for neurosurgical use. The instrument has been tested in several animal models to assess its efficacy and safety. The instrument has been used clinically in 38 cases for removal of meningiomas, acoustic neurinomas, and other tumors. Future modifications and applications are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer analysis of cortical evoked potentials following severe head injury.

A combination of several automatically-extracted quantitative features of evoked potentials (EPs) can discriminate between globally good and poor outcomes following severe head injury. Further, a single EP feature, its peak-to-peak variance, can select for the severely disabled survivor from among other poor outcomes, a potentially important distinction for the management of patients suffering severe head trauma.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT prognostic criteria of survival after malignant glioma surgery.

The serial pre- and postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans of 115 patients entered in the Cooperative Brain Tumor Study between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed in order to define CT prognostic criteria and to test the hypothesis that radical glioma surgery prolongs patient survival. The CT parameters of mass size, associated edema, and intensity of enhancement were quantitated on all scans. Clinical parameters evaluated included gender, age, length of survival, and useful (Karnofsky greater than 30) survival. Data analyses indicated postoperative residual tumor burden was inversely related to length of survival (p less than 0.01). Postoperative associated edema and intensity of image enhancement were also of prognostic value and showed an inverse relation to survival. Younger patients proved more likely than older patients to attain long-term survival. Residual tumor burden of less than 45 mm diameter on postoperative CT scans was associated with 70% chance of long-term survival. These findings support the radical surgical management of glioma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro sensitivity of nitrosourea-induced neurogenic tumors to ACNU.

The effect of ACNU on the in vitro viability of a methylnitrosourea-induced gliosarcoma (T9) and two ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors, TR-481 (a malignant neurinoma) and EB-679 (a glioma) was studied. T9 was highly sensitive to ACNU, demonstrating loss of cells following a 3 hour exposure time to 5 microgram/ml; TR-481 was sensitive to 40 microgram/ml of ACNU and EB-679 was highly resistant to 40 microgram/ml of ACNU. The in vitro sensitivity of the tumor cell lines to ACNU is: T 9 greater than TR-481 greater than EB-679. This data indicates that variability of response to both concentration and exposure time of ACNU of malignant brain tumor cells must be taken into consideration in planning in vitro and/or in vivo treatment of experimental brain tumors.

Animals↗