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Biomedical subjects

J R Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J R Wilson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Genetic and hormonal aspects of male facilitation of PMSG-induced ovulation in immature mice.

Immature female mice of the SWR/J and C3H/Ibg strains pretreated with PMSG showed higher incidence of ovulation when exposed to males of the same strain than did those kept isolated after weaning. Females of the C57BL/6Ibg strain were not affected. The numbers of eggs ovulated were also greater in SWR and C3H females than in the C57 females. When SWR/J females were killed after exposure to males for 2, 4 or 6 h, there was a 6-fold increase in LH levels at 6 h compared to values in isolated controls. It is suggested that adult male mice of some strains provide a stimulus which promotes release of LH in the immature female.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Genetic and ethanol-related differences in maternal behavior and offspring viability in mice.

Primiparous female mice of 2 lines genetically selected for different narcotic responses to ethanol were administered 10% (v/v) ethanol in their drinking water during Days 2-14 of lactation. Ethanol treatment resulted in a marked decrease in growth and viability of pups in both lines. Fewer offspring of the ethanol-sensitive line survived to weaning, apparently because of the failure of a large number of dams to exhibit maternal care. The combination of ethanol treatment and an additional environment stressor (mouse hepatic virus) had a devastating effect on maternal behavior and offspring survival in the ethanol-sensitive line, but far less effect on the ethanol-insensitive mice. Thus, ethanol-sensitive animals appear to be more susceptible to a variety of stressors, including ethanol.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1979

Developmental and genotypic effects on pituitary-adrenal function and alcohol tolerance in mice.

Lactating females of 2 lines of mice selectively bred for long (LS) and short (SS) ethanol-induced sleep time (a measure of alcohol tolerance) consumed either tap water or 10% ethanol in tap water on Days 2-14 postpartum. Effects of genotype and neonatal treatment on offspring open-field behavior, alcohol-induced sleep time, and adrenocortical responsiveness to alcohol or saline injection were studied. The LS mice had higher ethanol-induced sleep times than SS mice, and also higher plasma corticosterone levels following alcohol challenge. The LS mice also responded more to saline injection and to novelty stress, suggesting that they were generally more responsive to stressors than SS mice. Significant genotype-dependent effects of neonatal treatment on (1) adrenocortical responsiveness to injection stess and (2) alcohol tolerance were noted. However, these 2 effects did not appear to be causally related. Neonatal treatment had no effect on open-field activity or defecation in either genetic line.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Heparin therapy: a randomized prospective study.

Eighty patients were assigned randomly either to continuous or to intermittent heparin therapy, with control by the Lee-White Clotting Time (LWCT). Major bleeding complications occurred in 7.5 per cent and minor complications in 18 per cent of the entire group. The incidence of major bleeding complications in the continuous group (5 per cent) did not differ significantly from the incidence in the intermittent group (10 per cent). In contrast, bleeding complications were significantly more frequent in patients with soft-tissue trauma due to such procedures as thoracenteses and cut-downs, vascular damage due to other causes, and LWCTs over 35 minutes for 2 consecutive days. The incidence of bleeding complications appear to be the same in patients receiving intermittent as in those receiving continuous heparin therapy. Thoracenteses, cut-downs, and other forms of soft-tissue injury predispose to bleeding complications while laboratory monitoring with the LWCT may help to reduce bleeding complications.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1979

The collection and interpretation of domestic accident data. A discussion on some aspects of the British consumer safety system.

This article discusses the workings of a Consumer Safety System and identifies the problems of collecting and using domestic accident data. In the light of proposed changes in the civil law on product liability, particular consideration is given to the difficulties of providing evidence of consumer product involvement in domestic accidents. The paper is based on one read at the CBI Conference "Product Liability in Perspective", held at the Hilton Hotel, London, 30-31 March, 1977. The views expressed are those of the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics and are not necessarily those of the Department of Prices and Consumer Protection.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Relations between nicotine-induced convulsive behavior and blood and brain levels of nicotine as a function of sex and age in two inbred strains of mice.

Nicotine levels in blood and whole brain were measured as a function of sex and age in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice and compared to the behavioral responses following an intraperitoneal injection of nicotine. The results indicate that blood levels of nicotine alone do not accurately predict either brain levels of nicotine or the behavioral responses to a single injection of nicotine. In general, brain levels of nicotine proved to be a fairly accurate predictor of the behavioral responses to nicotine. The data indicate that the sexes differ in their sensitivity to nicotine. Forty-two-day-old male mice of both strains given comparable doses of nicotine were found to concentrate the drug in the brain more than females. However, there was no corresponding increase in sensitivity to this increased brain concentration as measured by LD50, ED50, latency to tremor or latency to death.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomonas paucimobilis from a leg ulcer on a Japanese seaman.

Pseudomonas paucimobilis was isolated in pure culture from an ulcer on the leg of a Japanese seaman while in an Australian port. A description of the isolate is given. This may be the first report of a human infection in which this recently characterized species is implicated as a pathogen.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

A structural basis for four distinct elution profiles on concanavalin A--Sepharose affinity chromatography of glycopeptides.

Twelve 14C-acetylated glycopeptides have been subjected to affinity chromatography on concanvalin A (Con A)--Sepharose at pH 7.5. The elution profiles could be classified into four distinct patterns. The first pattern showed no retardation of glycopeptide on the column and was elicited with a glycopeptide having three peripheral oligosaccharide chains: (abstract:see text). Such glycopeptides have only a single mannose residue capable of interacting with Con A--Sepharose; an interacting mannose residue is either an alpha-linked nonreducing terminal residue or an alpha-linked 2-O-substituted residue. The second type of profile showed a retarded elution of glycopeptide with buffer lacking methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (indicative of weak interaction with the column) and was given by glycopeptides with the structures: (abstract: see text) where R1 is either H or a sialyl residue. The third profile type showed tight binding of glycopeptide to Con A--Sepharose and elution as a sharp peak with 0.1 M methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside; glycopeptides giving this pattern had the structures: (abstract: see text) where R2 is either H, glcNAc, Gal-beta 1,4-GlcNAc, or sialyl-Gal-beta 1,4-GlcNAc. These glycopeptides all have two interacting mannose residues, the mimimum required for binding to the column; one of these mannose residues must, however, be a terminal residue to obtain tight binding and sharp elution. The fourth profile type showed tight binding of glycopeptide to the column but elution with 0.1 M methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside resulted in a broad peak indicating very tight binding; glycopeptides showing this behaviour had the structures: (abstract: see text) where R3 is either GlcNAc,Gal-beta 1,4-GlcNAc, or sialyl-Gal-beta 1,4-GlcNAc. Therefore it can be concluded that although a minimum of two interacting mannose residues is required for binding to Con A--Sepharose, the residues linked to these mannoses can either strengthen or weaken binding to the column.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1979

Vectorcardiographic detection of early hemodynamic abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The ability of the vectorcardiogram to detect mild circulatory abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. Therefore, vectorcardiographic changes were correlated with hemodynamic measurements made at rest and during supine exercise in 32 patients with COPD and no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy. Twelve patients had normal hemodynamic data (group 1), nine had abnormal hemodynamic data only during exercise (group 2), and 11 had abnormal hemodynamic data at rest and during exercise (group 3). The extent of rightward terminal QRS forces noted on the vectorcardiogram was significantly less in group 1 (5.5 +/- 8.7 percent) than in either group 2 (19.0 +/- 10.7 percent) or group 3 (17.8 +/- 14.8 percent). Sixty-five percent (13) of the 20 patients with hemodynamic abnormalities had rightward terminal QRS forces of 15 percent or more, whereas only 8 percent (one) of the 12 patients with normal hemodynamic data had such forces of 15 percent or more. The mean of the rightward terminal QRS forces in 27 age-matched normal subjects was 5.0 +/- 5.4 percent, and only one subject had forces of 15 percent or more. We conclude that hemodynamic abnormalities are frequent in patients with COPD and no clinical evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy and that the vectorcardiogram provides an indirect method of detecting these abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function. A comparison.

Multiple M-mode echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function are currently in use, but their reliability is disputed. Therefore, we correlated echo ejection fraction (EF) using quadratic (Q) and cubic (C) formulae, percentage of minor axis shortening (%S), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVCF), and peak VCF with angiographic EF in 37 subjects, including 10 normal subjects. None had echocardiographic segmental wall motion abnormalities. Significant linear correlations were found between angiographic EF and EFc (r = 0.78), %S (r = 0.77), EFQ(r = 0.68), peak VCF (r = 0.68), and mVCF (r = 0.58). However, for all indices, the scatter was too great to permit reliable quantitative estimations of angiographic EF based on echo date. Peak VCF was qualitatively the most reliable predictor of ventricular function, being greater than or equal to 2.00 circumference per second in 23 of 25 patients with angio EF greater than or equal to 55 percent and less than 2.00 circumferences per second in 11 of 12 with EF less than 55 (sensitivity [sens] 92 percent, specificity [spec] 92 percent). Mean VCF (sens 83 percent, spec 80 percent), %S (sens 50 percent, spec 96 percent), EFC (senc 58 percent, spec 96 percent), and EFQ (sens 58 percent, spec 92 percent) were less satisfactory. We conclude that echo indices are reliable only as qualitative parameters of ventricular function. Peak VCF appears to be the most sensitive and specific qualitative index now available.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1979

Comparative lethal effects on mice of ruminal fluid from cattle fed hay or grain.

Strained ruminal fluid from cattle fed hay or grain was lethal to mice when injected intraperitoneally, but the fluid from grain-fed cattle was approximately 3.7 times more toxic than that from hay-fed cattle. The lethal factor(s) was not resistant to heat, was nondialyzable, was retained on Seitz and membrane filters, and was associated with the bacterial fraction of ruminal fluid. We concluded that death of the mice resulted from infection produced by facultative bacteria normally in ruminal fluid. Ruminal fluid from grain-fed cattle contained a greater number of facultative bacteria than did that from hay-fed cattle.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

The neuroanatomical organization of pathways between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in Old World and New World primates.

Pathways between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and visual cortex in Old World (Macaca, Papio, Erythrocebus, Cercopithecus) and New World (Saimiri, Cebus) primates were studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase and H3 or S35 amino acids into the dLGN or visual cortex. Trans-synaptic autoradiography was also used to study these pathways after an injection of H3 proline-fucose into one eye. The subsequent autoradiographs of visual cortex showed that Old World primates have separate eye inputs (ocular dominance columns) in the striate cortex, whereas New World monkeys have overlapping or non-separated eye inputs. In both primate groups the geniculocortical input to layer IVA formed a pattern which resembled a honeycomb in tangential sections, unlike the solidly labeled layer IVC. Also common to the two primate groups was a projection from dLGN to layer VI. There was no dLGN projection to any prestriate area in any of the primates. However, after an injection limited to the prestriate cortex of Macaca, light autoradiographic labeling was seen in the interlaminar zones and the magnocellular and S laminae, demonstrating a prestriate-dLGN pathway. Our results indicate that the primate visual system differs significantly from the cat in having no dLGN projection to area 18. There are also signficant differences between primates in the level at which the possibility of binocularity (of an excitatory nature) first occurs in the striate cortex because in the species studied thus far with neuroanatomical methods, Old World primates have ocular dominance columns in layer IV but most New World monkeys lack them.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

alpha1-Antitrypsin: the presence of excess mannose in the Z variant isolated from liver.

The Z variant of alpha1-antitrypsin was isolated by a new technique from the liver of a patient homozygous for the Z allele of the protease inhibitor locus. The material was homogenous and antigenically competent but had no protease inhibiting capacity. An interesting correlation was found between the subcellular localization and the carbohydrate composition of the Z variant from liver. Carbohydate analysis of this glycoprotein showed an absence of galactose and sialic acid, an appreciable decrease in N-acetylglucosamine, and an almost twofold increase in mannose residues. These data indicate a considerable slowdown in the processing of the oligosaccharides of liver Z variant. In spite of the absence of sialyl residues, the liver Z varant was microheterogeneous by analytical isoelectric focusing. The isoproteins of liver Z variant coincided with those of asialo M variant in the focusing field.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Parent-offspring resemblance for specific cognitive abilities in Korea.

Regressions of offspring on midparent value for tests of specific cognitive abilities in Korea were considerably higher than those for Americans of Japanese ancestry or Americans of European ancestry tested in Hawaii. This greater parent-offspring resemblance in Korea may be due to the particular method of test administration or to an increased genetic variance resulting from assortative mating. The pattern of parent-child correlations for three relatively pure tests of spatial ability and for the spatial factor did not conform to that of a sex-linked recessive character.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ethnic variation in use and effects of alcohol.

Americans living in Hawaii were questioned about their use of alcoholic beverages. Although alcohol use was widespread in all ethnic groups included in the study, comparisons among groups showed that (a) a larger proportion of Orientals than Caucasians reported no use of alcohol, (b) Caucasians reported heavier use, and (c) a larger proportion of Oriental users reported facial flushing as a sequel to alcohol consumption. Persons with one Oriental and one Caucasian parent were intermediate with respect to (a) and (b), but were more similar to Orientals on (c). Other symptomology reported appeared to be associated with amount imbibed, not with ethnicity per se. Compared to current users, former users reported a larger number of problems and symptoms associated with alcohol use.

Adult↗