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Biomedical subjects

J R Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to J R Thompson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Branched-chain alpha-keto acid analysis in biological fluids: preparative clean-up by anion-exchange and analysis by capillary gas chromatography.

A method is given for the quantitative analysis of the alpha-keto derivatives of the branched-chain amino acids in physiological fluids. A sample containing alpha-ketovalerate and alpha-ketocaproate as internal standards is passed through a weak anion-exchange resin at neutral pH. After washing the resin with distilled water, the alpha-keto acids are eluted with 4 M hydrochloric acid--ethanol (50:50). Quinoxalinol derivatives are prepared directly in the eluent, extracted with methylene chloride, and trimethylsilylated. Separation of the derivatives is by capillary gas chromatography on a 30 m fused-silica SE-30 column. Chromatographic separation is superior to that reported for packed column methods, thereby permitting the use of alpha-ketovalerate and alpha-ketocaproate as internal standards.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

High resolution computed tomography of the post partum pituitary gland.

Eight volunteer post partum female patients were examined with high resolution computed tomography during the week immediately after delivery. All patients received high dose (40-70 gm) intravenous iodine contrast administration. The scans were examined for pituitary gland height, shape and homogeneity. All of the patients had enlarged glands by the traditional standards (i.e. gland height of 8 mm or greater). The diaphragma sellae in every case bulged upward with a convex domed appearance. The glands were generally inhomogeneous. One gland had a 4 mm focal well defined area of decreased attenuation. Two patients who were studied again months later had glands which had returned to "normal" size. The enlarged, upwardly convex pituitary gland appears to be typical and normal for the recently post partum period.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Anteriorly displaced temporomandibular joint articular disk. Report of a case diagnosed by computed tomography.

The diagnosis of anterior displacement of a temporomandibular joint articular disk was made with computed tomography and documented with conventional arthrography. We are reporting the case to show the potential value of computed tomography for evaluating problems of the temporomandibular joint. The patient underwent thin-section axial computed tomography with advanced software imaging techniques. The articular disk was evident on the scan. It was anterior to the condyle and inferior to the articular eminence. Further studies are planned to determine whether computed tomography can supplement or possibly supplant conventional arthrography in the diagnosis of soft-tissue disorders of the temporomandibular joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Wound infection after caesarean section.

A prospective incidence study into wound infection after caesarean section was carried out. Thirty-one centres in England and Wales participated and 2370 patients were entered into the study. One-hundred-and-forty-one patients (6.0 per cent) acquired wound infections, according to the definitions used (i.e. with both clinical and microbiological evidence of infection). If all inflamed wounds has been cultured, the infection rate would have been considerably higher, (calculated at 14.0 per cent). Patients with infected wounds spent an extra 2.4 days in hospital. Factors associated with wound infection included size of hospital, obesity, time in labour, number of vaginal examinations and various operative procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Estimation of human tumor growth rate from distribution of tumor size at detection.

Methods are presented for estimating the growth curve of a tumor (up to an unknown scale factor of time) from the distribution of volumes at detection on the basis of two assumptions: 1) the existence of a common growth curve and 2) the assumption that the probability of detecting a tumor in a period of time is proportional to the tumor volume. These methods can accommodate variation between individuals in speed of traversal of the growth curve. The methods are applied to volumes of tumor at detection of a large series of breast cancers. The simplest, adequate description is exponential growth with great individual-to-individual variation in tumor doubling time. The data are consistent with bounded growth (Gompertzian or logistic form) as well as exponential growth. However, there is no evidence that the bound on growth is within the range of the data. The shape of the distribution of volumes does not yield an effective lower limit on such a bound.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Temporomandibular joints: high-resolution computed tomographic evaluation.

High-resolution computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was performed in 43 patients. Exquisite detail of the face, skull base, and TMJs was obtained with CT using soft tissue and bone algorithms, narrow collimation, and multiplanar images. In 10 patients clinically suspected of joint derangement, CT results were in close agreement with surgical findings and arthrography in 13/15 joints. CT showed indirect signs of disc dislocation, and the dislocated disc itself in 81% of affected joints. In two patients, arthrography with CT proved to be more helpful than conventional arthrography alone. CT without intra-articular contrast material provided information not appreciated on conventional radiographs in 28 patients (65%) and was particularly helpful in evaluating patients with disc pathosis and trauma. Early experience with CT of the TMJ shows that it is an excellent method of evaluation at acceptable radiation exposure levels that adds essential information not seen on standard radiographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Temporal bone trauma: high-resolution computed tomographic evaluation.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was used to examine 12 patients with temporal bone trauma. The CT findings were correlated with the clinical signs and symptoms (hearing loss, facial nerve dysfunction) and with the operative findings in the 5 patients who underwent surgery. CT was able to demonstrate ossicular chain disruption or fractures causing the clinical findings in the majority of cases. The CT findings affected patient care by alerting the otologist to the abnormalities likely to be encountered during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Traumatic dural tears: CT diagnosis using metrizamide.

Computed tomography of the spine using intrathecal metrizamide was performed on six patients with spinal trauma. Dural tears with contrast material escaping outside the subarachnoid space were documented in five cases. In one case, the thecal laceration had healed and the contrast material was confined in a post-traumatic meningocele. The characteristics of dural tears are demonstrable by metrizamide computed tomography, either in conjunction with myelography or as a separate procedure. Neurological deficits following spinal trauma may be aggravated by dural tears with entrapment of the spinal nerve roots.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Genetic interrelationships of parturition problems and production.

Data were 5091 calvings from 3904 cows for milk fever, retained placenta, mastitis within 48-h postpartum, calving difficulty, and 48-h calf livability collected from 27 large California dairies analyzed for genetic interrelationships among parturition problems. Heritability of each trait was small; however, retained placenta had large positive genetic correlations with milk fever (.34) and mastitis (.33). Adding difficulty-mortality classes to models to study genetic relationships of parturition problems had little effect on estimates but did influence incidence of parturition problems. With calving difficulty, incidence of milk fever increased by 4.9% and retained placenta by 5.3%. With calf mortality, milk fever increased by 4.4% and retained placenta by 13%. A combination of difficulty and mortality was related to a 9.6% increase of milk fever and a 20.2% increase of retained placenta. Genetic correlations of all problems with mature equivalent milk indicated that selection for increased production would be accompanied by lower incidence of retained placenta, 48-h mastitis, and milk fever. Genetic correlations of retained placenta with milk fever and 48-h mastitis were positive. Selection for increased milk yield should not increase incidence of parturition problems, and prescreening of bulls on parturition performance of daughters would be feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influences of dam on calving difficulty and early calf mortality.

Influence of dam on calving difficulty and calf mortality was evaluated for repeatability of past performance and daughter-dam relationships. Repeatability for calving performance at first with second parity was .16 and for consecutive calvings at second and later parities .10. Repeatability for calf mortality from first to second parity was .02 and for consecutive calving at second and later parities .02. A small but real tendency existed to repeat prior calving performance but not calf livability . Repeatabilities for dystocia were approximately double heritability. Difficulty scores should not be combined because of loss of predictive value of future performance. Relationship of calving difficulty to calf mortality varied depending on whether the calf was born dead or died within 48 h postpartum. Livability scores for those classes should not be combined when calf mortality-calving difficulty interactions are investigated. The hypothesis of negative direct maternal correlation for dystocia resulting from small calves born with ease becoming small cows that have increased dystocia was not disproven for first and second parities. Cows with above average difficulty produced daughters with above average difficulty, and heritability of dystocia as a trait of the dam was .24 by regression of daughter on dam.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Age-parity-season adjustment factors for milk and fat yields of dairy goats.

Dairy Herd Improvement records from 1976 through 1981 were used to obtain dairy goat age-parity-season adjustment factors for milk and fat yields. Only records from purebred and American Alpine, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg does were used. Nubians were analyzed separately from other breeds. Factors were calculated for two parity groups, two seasons, and two regions. Mixed model equations were used to remove effects of doe, breed, and year. Only lactations of at least 120 days were used. Resulting curves showed maximum production between 24 and 50 mo of age. Does from the northeastern United States reached maximum production earlier than does from western states.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Relative amounts of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid from normal and osteochondrotic swine joints.

Twenty eight nonlame and ten lame pigs were used to study glycosaminoglycans in synovial fluid from normal and osteochondrotic elbow and stifle joints. The results indicated that porcine synovial fluid contains both hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate and that the chondroitin sulfate to hyaluronic acid ratio is similar (P less than 0.05) between normal and osteochondrotic joints.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Can patients with breast cancer be cured of their disease? A sample of the M. D. anderson Hospital experience.

Theories concerning cures for breast cancer vary from the concept that no patients are cured, to the idea that the hazard to patients who have survived eight years is no greater than that for the population as a whole. To test these concepts as well as our modification of the concept of cure, we assumed that a proportion (P) of the population of patients is cured and have the same mortality experience as that for the population as a whole. The remaining proportion Q = 1 - P experience mortality as do the population and also that due to cancer. The hazard rate due to cancer is assumed to be constant. When survival experience for the 804 female patients with breast cancer admitted during 1958 through 1960 and that predicted from our model are plotted, the fit is excellent, particularly for survivals up to 15 years. As to whether some patients with breast cancer are cured of their disease, the answer is yes, using our definition of cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neuroradiology of primitive neuroectodermal tumors.

The neuroradiological findings in four cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebrum are described. These highly malignant neoplasms of childhood present as large, enhancing cerebral masses with extensive neovascularity. Cerebrospinal fluid seeding is common and distant extraneural metastases may occur.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

In vitro degradation of leucine in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney of fed and starved sheep.

In vitro rates of conversion of [1-14C]leucine to 4-methyl-2-oxo[1-14C]pentanoate and of oxidation of [1-14C] and [U-14C]leucine were measured for tissues from fed and starved (5 days) sheep. Slices of liver and kidney and preparations of adipose tissue and of fibre bundles of external intercostal muscle (EIC) were used. Skeletal muscle is likely the major site of leucine catabolism in sheep although adipose tissue is capable of substantial metabolism. Muscle and adipose tissue from fed sheep released 17 and 5% of the [1-14C]leucine transaminated as 4-methyl-2-oxo-[1-14C]pentanoate and upon starvation the proportions were increased (P less than 0.001) to 46 and 32%. Starvation reduced (P less than 0.01) leucine catabolism in all tissues except the kidney. The pattern of leucine catabolism in EIC muscle changed from extensive oxidation in the fed state to being limited essentially to transamination and decarboxylation in the starved state.

Adipose Tissue↗