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Biomedical subjects

J R Smith

Publications and source records attributed to J R Smith.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cell type specific electrophoretic polypeptide profiles of cultured bovine cells.

The polypeptide profiles of bovine vascular endothelial cells (from pulmonary artery and descending aorta), smooth muscle cells (from pulmonary artery) and fibroblast cells (from skin and lung) were examined by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques. A set of polypeptides (molecular weights between 43 X 10(3) and 47 X 10(3) and pI values from 6.0-4.8, respectively) exhibited patterns that were unique to the three cell types. In the case of smooth muscle cells, these polypeptides exhibited cell-density-dependent expression. These results allow for identification of the three cell types on the basis of their highly specific polypeptide signatures.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Survey of adventitious lung sound terminology in case reports.

Descriptions of adventitious lung sounds in the case reports of eight authoritative medical journals from 1978 through 1982 were tabulated in an effort to identify recent changes in terminology. Adventitious lung sounds were described in 590 case reports. During the five years surveyed, there was a decrease in usage of the term, "rales," and an increase in usage of the terms, "crackles" and "wheezes." Usage of the terms, "rhonchi" and "crepitations," did not significantly change in frequency over the five years surveyed; however, when compared to a previous survey, usage of the term, "crepitations," has declined. British journals predominantly use the terms, "crackles" and "wheezes," to describe adventitious lung sounds. Although American journals most often use the terms, "rales," "wheezes," and "rhonchi," the term, "crackles," is increasing in usage.

England↗
PubMed1984

Effects of neuromuscular blocking agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the response of pectoral fin muscle of the sculpin (Enophrys bison) to indirect stimulation.

The neuromuscular junction of the buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) was characterized in situ by examining the effects of various neuromuscular blocking agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACHE-I) on pectoral muscle response to indirect stimulation. The injection of either d-tubocurarine (350 micrograms/kg) or alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Butx) (1 mg/kg) resulted in a flaccid paralysis. The depolarizing agents, succinylcholine (11 micrograms/kg) and decamethonium (42 micrograms/kg), produced a spontaneous contraction. The administration of the ACHE-I, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and eserine resulted in responses which were contrary to those expected based on similar experiments using mammalian skeletal muscle. Twitch potentiation did not occur and the ability to maintain a tetanic response was not abolished even after the administration of clearly lethal concentrations of ACHE-I.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for the recessive nature of cellular immortality.

Fusion of immortal cell lines with normal human fibroblasts or certain other immortal cell lines yields hybrids having limited division potential. Cellular immortality was found to be a recessive phenotype in hybrids. It was also found that at least two separate events in the normal cell genome can result in immortality. In fusions involving certain immortal parent cells, these events can be complemented to result in hybrids with finite division capacity.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in proliferating human diploid fibroblasts by fusion with senescent cytoplasts.

Cytoplasts were prepared from senescent human diploid fibroblasts. The cytoplasts were fused to young human diploid fibroblasts and DNA synthesis was analyzed in the fusion products. DNA synthesis was inhibited (greater than or equal to 40%) in the senescent cytoplast fusion products when compared to unfused young cells or young cytoplasts fused with young cells. These results are consistent with previous experiments that have shown the blockage of DNA synthesis in both nuclei of heterokaryons from fusions of senescent and young human diploid fibroblast cells. Furthermore, these results support the postulate that senescent cells synthesize a specific substance(s), which is present in the cytoplasm of the senescent cell that inhibits DNA synthesis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy over a six-year interval.

Changes in the drinking and smoking habits of pregnant women in Seattle, Washington, were examined in the 6-year period that followed the first American announcement of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Between 1974/1975 and 1980/1981, the number of women who reported any alcohol use around the time of the first prenatal visit dropped from 81% to 42%, whereas the number of smokers dropped from 25% to 22%; binge and heavier drinking also declined. However, among drinkers, there was no decrease in the proportion of women who reported heavier drinking. Although the proportion of women who drink during pregnancy has decreased in the past 6 years, the relative constancy in the proportion of "heavier" drinkers and binge drinkers, particularly around the time of conception, suggests the need for more attention to this important period of gestation in advice to women who are planning a pregnancy. Possible reasons for such changes in this particular community are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[3H]spiroperidol binding in crude membrane suspensions of gill tissue from the marine mussel, Mytilus californianus.

Saturable, high-affinity binding sites for [3H]spiroperidol can be demonstrated in crude suspensions of mussel gill tissue. This binding shows stereospecificity toward the d- and l-isomers of butaclamol. Competition studies show that both dopamine and serotonin can displace [3H]spiroperidol from binding sites at nanomolar concentrations. Evidence is presented that suggests that the [3H]spiroperidol-binding sites can be divided into two distinct groups: those with high affinity for dopamine and those with high affinity for serotonin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Insulin secretory capacity, beta-thromboglobulin and blood viscosity in long standing, non-insulin dependent diabetics with and without microangiopathy.

A comparison was made of insulin secretion in response to i.v. glucose between noninsulin dependent diabetics with and without severe microangiopathy. During i.v. glucose tolerance testing those with complications had significantly lower serum insulin concentration (at 40 and 60 min 15.2 +/- 2.9 and 11.7 +/- 2.5 mU-1 respectively) than those without (26.1 +/- 4.7 and 24.3 +/- 3.6 mU-1, p less than 0.01). The differences were also significant when insulin increment above basal was determined. All subjects had raised plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration (indicating increased tendency to platelet aggregation), but with no significant difference between the two groups. There was also no difference in fasting glucose, kg values, HbAl or blood viscosity. We conclude that non-insulin dependent diabetics with severe microangiopathy have significantly reduced insulin secretory capacity in response to i.v. glucose when compared with those without.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol use and iron status in pregnant women.

Iron status, assessed by ferritin (ng/ml), transferrin saturation (%), and hemoglobin (g/100 ml), was examined in a sample of 1398 women from blood samples drawn at their first prenatal visit and in 712 of these women later at their 32-week prenatal visit. Self-reported alcohol use (average ounces of absolute alcohol consumed per day around the time of conception) was not systematically related to iron status. Furthermore, the proportion of iron-depleted or anemic women did not vary according to different levels of alcohol use. An exception is noted in a small group of nine very heavy drinkers, reporting eight or more drinks per day, who, at 32 weeks gestation, had a higher proportion of iron depletion but not anemia. It was concluded that at least in a sample of primarily middle class women receiving good prenatal care, iron depletion and/or anemia probably do not explain the alcohol-related adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been reported previously. Nevertheless, results from several very heavy drinkers suggest that the iron status of pregnant alcoholic women should be investigated further.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

On health and disorder in Vietnam veterans: an invited commentary.

The study by LaGuardia et al attributes earlier findings of prevalence of stress disorder among Vietnam veterans to investigator bias. It is suggested that the focus of the present study furthers a powerful but misleading debate about mental health vs. illness of veterans, and may undermine efforts to provide needed services. Factors maintaining the health vs. disorder controversy are reviewed, assumptions about combat as a tolerable stress are examined, and evidence of a normal stress recovery process for survivors of catastrophe is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of iohexol with meglumine-Na diatrizoate for intravenous digital subtraction angiography.

Iohexol, a new non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium, was tested for digital intravenous angiography of the cervical and intracranial vessels. In a double blind study involving 40 adult patients, iohexol and meglumine-Na diatrizoate were compared for safety, patient tolerance, and radiographic image quality. Iohexol was shown to be safe and generally produced less patient discomfort, leading to a lower incidence of motion, swallowing or cough artifacts.

Adult↗