Biomedical subjects

J R Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J R Rogers.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Metric analyses of the teeth and faces of South Australian twins.

Procedures are described for the acquisition and analysis of data in a study of the dental and facial characteristics of South Australian twins. Comparisons of the mesiodistal diameters of maxillary incisors in MZ and DZ twins revealed heterogeneity of total variances and evidence of inequality of mean values for some dimensions between MZ and DZ twins. Previous estimates of heritabilities for tooth size, relying on classical assumptions in twin research, may be exaggerated. A preliminary analysis of facial shape was undertaken using a procedure for shape matching based on a least squares fit of homologous coordinates. There was evidence of mirror-imaging in some MZ twin pairs and differences in facial asymmetry between male and female DZ twins. Future extensions of the study using methods for three-dimensional shape analysis are described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Treatment of renal transplantation rejection. Cyclosporin A versus conventional treatment with azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte immunoglobulin in primary cadaveric renal transplantation.

In a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare treatment with cyclosporin A to conventional treatment with azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte immunoglobulin in cadaveric renal transplantation, 34 patients were entered into both treatment groups and were examined regularly for seven to 43 months. Renal graft survival at one year was 72% among patients receiving cyclosporin A therapy and 75% among those receiving conventional therapy. Rejection was a frequent complication of both treatments; irreversible rejection occurred in six patients receiving treatment with cyclosporin A and in 10 patients receiving conventional therapy. The nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A was its main side-effect. A similar proportion of kidneys in both groups (65% and 69%) were initially affected with post-transplant oliguria, but recovery of function took significantly longer in the group receiving cyclosporin A therapy (median, 29 days versus 11 days, P less than 0.001). The results of this pilot study suggest that cyclosporin A can be used safely in patients with post-transplantation oliguria, and indicate that long-term graft survival with cyclosporin A is comparable to that achieved with azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte immunoglobulin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Synovial fluid lactic acid in septic and nonseptic arthritis.

We determined lactic acid levels by the lactic dehydrogenase method in synovial fluid of 41 patients with various rheumatic diseases, to test the concept that significantly elevated values were diagnostic of septic arthritis. Nine patients had septic arthritis, 15 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the remainder miscellaneous conditions. In another 9 patients with different rheumatic diseases, including 1 with septic arthritis, synovial fluid lactic acid was determined by both the lactic dehydrogenase and gas-liquid chromatography methods. There was a wide scatter of values among patients with septic and nonseptic inflammatory arthritis, and much overlap occurred. We could not differentiate septic arthritis from RA on the basis of synovial fluid lactic acid levels. Results were similar with both procedures for determining lactic acid levels.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1982

Spatial distribution of [14C]-lidocaine and blood flow in transmural and lateral border zones of ischemic canine myocardium.

The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of lidocaine relative to blood flow in ischemic, normal and border zone canine myocardium. Ischemic zone tissue was distinguished from normal zone tissue by a special microsphere technique in adjacent sections 4 to 5 mm wide from the center to the lateral border of the ischemic region in 14 open chest dogs. Gamma-labeled microspheres were separated by a special technique from carbon-14 ([14C])-lidocaine in the same tissue sample. Blood flow (mean value +/- 1 standard deviation) was reduced to 46 +/- 25 percent of normal in the ischemic subepicardium and 17 +/- 18 percent of normal in the subendocardium. [14C]-lidocaine was 0.56 +/- 0.12 microgram/g in normal myocardium 10 minutes after bolus injection of [14C]-lidocaine; it was reduced to 91 +/- 15 percent of normal in ischemic subepicardium and 58 +/- 12 percent of normal in the subendocardium. Blood flow and lidocaine concentration were uniformly lowest in gross samples from the central and intermediate ischemic zones, and highest in the gross samples from the border normal zone (p less than 0.05). The values for flow and lidocaine in samples from the border ischemic zone were intermediate, that is, higher than values from central ischemic (p less than 0.05) and lower than values from border normal zone samples (p less than 0.05). However, the labeling technique for normal zone tissue revealed that the values of blood flow and lidocaine in the gross samples from the lateral border of the ischemic zone were intermediate between those of adjacent ischemic and normal samples because of the mixture of overlapping normal and ischemic tissues components--not because of a unique mildly ischemic region. Both blood flow and lidocaine concentration were lower in the subendocardial third than in the subepicardial third of the ischemic zone (p less than 0.05) even after the contribution of normal zone tissue was subtracted, suggesting a gradient of ischemia across the transmural border zone. In conclusion, lidocaine is distributed uniformly in ischemic components from the center to the lateral border of the ischemic zone, but there is an endocardial to epicardial gradient. Both lateral and transmural border zone distributions must be considered to understand the mechanisms of drug effects in myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1981