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Biomedical subjects

J R Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to J R Reynolds.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetic comparison of intranasal, oral, and intramuscular metoclopramide in healthy volunteers.

This was a randomized, crossover study of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide given by intranasal (IN), oral (PO), and intramuscular (IM) routes. The formulations tested were 5 and 10 mg of IN gel, 10 mg PO, and 5 mg IM. The findings showed that metoclopramide follows similar absorption and elimination characteristics when given via these three extravascular routes. There were no statistically significant differences in the area under the drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) or peak metoclopramide plasma concentration (Cmax) data following PO, IM, or 10-mg IN administration. However, the 5-mg IN doses achieved an AUC that was 39.5% the AUC of the 10-mg IN dose. These data show consistent and relatively predictable metoclopramide plasma concentrations following IN administration. Further, 10-mg doses of IN and PO metoclopramide appear to be bioequivalent.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Colonic motility and enema spreading.

Radiolabelled enema solution was administered to eight healthy subjects, both in fasted and fed states. Enema spreading was monitored over a 4-h period using gamma scintigraphy and colonic motility was recorded simultaneously using a pressure sensitive radiotelemetry capsule. The rate and extent of enema dispersion were unaffected by eating. Spreading could be correlated with colonic motility and was inhibited by aboral propulsion of the colonic contents.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Whole-bowel transit in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.

The transit of radiolabelled preparations through the stomach, small intestine and colon was monitored in ten patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Five patients complained of diarrhoea, and five complained of constipation. The preparations comprised a non-disintegrating capsule and a multiparticulate system. Both preparations emptied from the stomach together and at the same rates in both groups of patients. In the patients complaining of constipation, the transit times through the small intestine were the same for both preparations. In the patients complaining of diarrhoea, the capsule passed through the small intestine slightly faster than the particles, but there were no significant differences in the small-intestinal transit rates of the two patient groups. Within the colon, the transit of the capsule was faster than that of the small particles. Although movement through the colon was, on average, faster in the group of patients complaining of diarrhoea, there was considerable intersubject variability, and the differences in transit rates between the two patient groups were not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

131I and 111In-labelled monoclonal antibody imaging of primary lung carcinoma.

Preliminary clinical studies have been carried out to determine whether the monoclonal antibody 791T/36 would localize in primary lung cancer to an extent sufficient for external detection by gamma scintigraphy. Radiolabelling of the antibody with 131I permitted visualization of three out of eight (38%) tumours using planar imaging with 99Tcm-labelled blood pool subtraction. Radiolabelling of the same antibody with 111In permitted visualization of tumour uptake in nine out of 13 (69%) tumours, without the need for image subtraction. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies of seven patients demonstrated concentration of 111In-labelled antibody at the tumour site in each case, four of which were visualized on the planar images. The present study demonstrates localization of the 791T/36 antibody in primary lung carcinoma and confirms the superiority of 111In over 131I as a radiolabel for antibody imaging, especially when emission tomography is performed. These data indicate that further work will be required to determine whether this antibody will be a suitable carrier for cytotoxic agents in the therapy of lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

24-hour intragastric pH: continuous monitoring or nasogastric aspiration?

Hourly gastric aspiration has commonly been used to assess the efficacy of antisecretory compounds. We have compared continuous ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring using a radiotelemetry capsule with standard nasogastric aspiration. Eight studies were performed on four male duodenal ulcer patients in remission receiving either placebo or an antisecretory agent. A significant correlation was found between capsule and aspirate pH measurements (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). Radiotelemetry capsule measurements clearly showed the onset of action of an antisecretory drug, and the buffering effect of food. Radiotelemetric pH monitoring is shown to be as good as gastric sampling in the measurement of 24-hour intragastric acidity, allows continuous measurement of pH during normal activity and can accurately assess the effect of drugs on gastric acidity.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1985

Intravenous omeprazole rapidly raises intragastric pH.

Twenty four hour intragastric acidity was measured in five duodenal ulcer patients studied at least three times. The effects of different dosage regimens of intravenous omeprazole was compared with placebo. Mean intragastric acidity from 1000 to 0800 was 34.3 +/- 4.3 mmol/l on placebo. After omeprazole 80 mg at 0900 and 40 mg at 1700 mean acidity was 2.1 +/- 0.9 mmol/l and after omeprazole 80 mg at 0900 and 80 mg at 1700 it was 0.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l. pH remained above 4.0 for about 80% of recordings with these regimens and for only 5% with placebo. Three of the five patients also received omeprazole 80 mg at 0900, 40 mg at 1700 and 40 mg at 0100 when pH remained above 4.0 for 90% of recordings with 99% inhibition of acidity. Omeprazole rapidly raised intragastric pH in all patients and maintained a gastric pH of greater than 4.0 for most of the time. Large doses of IV omeprazole were required compared with studies using the oral compound.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance and intravenous xeroangiography with conventional arteriography in popliteal artery imaging.

Twenty-nine patients with peripheral vascular disease had the popliteal artery segment assessed by xeroangiography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning. The result of each test was compared with conventional contrast arteriography. Nuclear magnetic resonance and xeroangiography correctly predicted popliteal artery patency in 97% and 100% of limbs, respectively, and occlusion was correctly predicted in 44% and 63% of limbs. The ability of xeroangiography to define the state of the popliteal artery accurately makes this a useful method in high-risk patients. The potential for NMR imaging appears very promising but more work is required to define its future clinical application.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Late complications vs. method of treatment in a large series of mid-facial fractures.

The late presence of contour defects, as well as one eye being lower than the other, were directly related to a lack of interosseous wire fixation in this series of mid-facial fractures. In orbital floor fractures, the use of alloplastic material was found to give more satisfactory long-term results than bone grafts. The direct approach through the lower lid produced no complications of its own in this series. Associated injuries and preexisting disease were found in 61 percent of these patients, supporting the thesis that an M.D. should direct their care. The late presence of diplopia and/or enophthalmos was directly related to an underestimation and undertreatment of orbital floor fractures, or to treatment with bone grafts. The use of a shoulder strap, in conjunction with the lap belt, seems to almost completely prevent the occurrence of mid-facial fractures in automobile accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗