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Biomedical subjects

J R Rest

Publications and source records attributed to J R Rest.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies can enhance the biological activity of thyrotropin.

In this work we demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies (MABs) to TSH can enhance the biological actions of TSH in vivo. Hypopituitary Snell dwarf mice were injected with TSH (25, 50, or 100 mU/day) alone or complexed with MAB-GC73 once per day for 5 days; control animals received PBS. Radioactive sulfate (35SO4(2-)) was also injected on the fifth day and animals were killed 20 h later. Thyroids were removed for histology, blood taken for T4 estimations by RIA, and 35SO4(2-) uptake into costal cartilage in vivo was measured. In control mice thyroid histology revealed small follicles comprised of small flattened epithelial cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; colloid was dark with little vacuolation. In animals treated with TSH alone there was moderate evidence of activation in most of these features. However, a marked response was noted in animals treated with TSH plus MAB-GC73; characteristically, there was little interfollicular tissue and the follicles, which were large and comprised of cuboidal cells, contained pale, finely vacuolated cytoplasm. Both TSH alone and TSH complexed with MAB-GC73 promoted a significant dose-dependent increase in serum T4 levels. The two higher doses of TSH plus MAB-GC73 promoted a significantly greater increase in serum levels of T4 than that in groups receiving the same dose of TSH alone. Uptake of 35SO4(2-) into costal cartilage showed a significant correlation with serum T4 levels. In similar experiments significant increases in salivary gland epidermal growth factor content of male dwarf mice were observed. This work demonstrated that MAB enhancement of hormone action is not restricted to human GH, suggesting a more general phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Measuring dental students' ethical sensitivity.

This paper describes the development of stimulus materials and scoring procedures to measure an individual's ability to recognize the ethical issues often hidden within the dentist's professional problems. The importance of this ability is discussed as it relates to other abilities thought to be necessary conditions for ethical or moral behavior. Dental students completed the ethical sensitivity test and Rest's test of moral reasoning. The sensitivity test requires transcribing verbal responses to audio dramas, a technique that: (1) elicits sufficient data for making inferences about ethical sensitivity, (2) produces good interjudge agreement and interrater reliability, and (3) measures variability in student performance. Data indicate high internal consistency compared with previous efforts to measure components of sensitivity (e.g., empathy), acceptable test-retest reliability for a subsample. and the distinctiveness of sensitivity and reasoning scores. The results have broad application for the teaching of ethics and suggest new directions for the study of professional socialization.

Dentist-Patient Relations↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral malaria in inbred mice. I. A new model and its pathology.

Plasmodium berghei ANKA was tested for its usefulness as a model for cerebral malaria in inbred mouse strains A, A2G, A/J, C57L, SJL/J and SWR. A suitable model was obtained in A or A/J strain mice. Mortality was 100% after five to eight days with brain haemorrhages occurring terminally. The histopathology is described. The model was stable after six blood passages at 5- to 7-day intervals. Chloroquine abolished the haemorrhages and no intercurrent viral or blood protozoal infections were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Malocclusion in inbred strain-2 weanling guineapigs.

The incidence of malocclusion was recorded for 4 years. Malocclusion occurred only in animals less than 2 months old. The incidence was significantly reduced (P greater than 0.001) by breeding from animals without affected siblings: it is suggested that malocclusion in this colony has a genetic basis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopy of cerebral malaria in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of hamster cerebral malaria show that haemorrhages occur following vessel necrosis in animals with low parasitaemias. There is no concurrent thrombosis nor packing of capillaries with parasitised erythrocytes. Small vessels contain numerous monocytes which have phagocytosed erythrocytes and smaller particles of similar electron density. The monocytes attach to and migrate through the endothelium but then remain in close proximity to the vessels. Irregular dense deposits are present in the basement membrane of some animals 14 days after infection. These may be immune complexes. The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is discussed in relation to these findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The histological effects of copper and zinc on chick embryo skeletal tissues in organ culture.

1. The effects of copper and zinc on organ cultures of chick embryo cartilage and bone maintained in low-trace-metal, chemically defined media for up to 8 d were studied macroscopically, histologically and histochemically. Length and wet-weight measurement of explants were assessed statistically. 2. No effects were found with Cu concentrations of 0-5-1-5 mug/ml medium. Between concentrations of 5 and 40 mug Cu/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilage cultures decreased significantly (P less than 0-001) compared with controls. The decrease was directly proportional to increasing Cu concentration, and that of the length was greater with increasing period of culture (P less than 0-001). 3. With 5--20 mug Cu/ml medium cartilage and bone became yellow in colour, and chondrocytes were swollen, rounded and basophilic. They were detached from their lacunae and the quantity of matrix was reduced. Loss of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and disappearance of glycogen accompanied the degeneration. Osteogenesis ceased, cells failed to divide and mature, lost their enzymes and died. Cu did not accumulate in the bone matrix. 4. The direct toxic effects of Cu for cartilage and bone may underlie some of the skeletal changes in hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease). 5. As Zn concentrations were increased from 2-5 to 7-5 mug/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilaginous cultures were significantly increased (P less than 0-001). As Zn concentrations were further increased (from 10 to 40 mug/ml medium), lengths and wet-weights were significantly decreased (P less than 0-001). 6. Zn stimulated chondrocyte division and vacuolation of cytoplasm. With higher Zn concentrations toxic changes of granular basophilia, lacunar detachment and necrosis were seen. Differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondroclasts were stimulated by Zn. 7. Zn was found in bone matrix, osteoblasts, osteocytes and hypertrophied chondrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Challenging misperceptions about nurses' moral reasoning.

Discussions in the nursing literature about the usefulness of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning for women and nurses, and assertions about the level of moral reasoning scores of nurses have been clouded by inaccuracies and misperceptions. In this article, theoretical and measurement issues related to moral reasoning are clarified and a critical review of the literature is provided about the moral reasoning of nursing students and nurses as measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT). The review indicates the need for greater rigor in studies of moral reasoning among nurses and the need for accuracy in interpreting and reporting moral reasoning scores. The data show that the moral reasoning of nurses, like that of other groups, tends to increase with formal education. Nurses' scores are usually comparable to, and sometimes higher than, scores of their academic peers.

Ethics, Nursing↗