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Biomedical subjects

J R Poortmans

Publications and source records attributed to J R Poortmans.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Urine protein excretion and swimming events.

To determine total urinary protein, albumin (ALB), and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) excretion rates in relation to different speeds, 12 males were studied while swimming distances of 100, 600, and 2,000 m at maximal speed. Venous blood lactate concentrations rose to 16.1, 11.6, and 4.5 mmol.l-1 after the 100, 600, and 2,000 m events, while plasma volumes were reduced by 11.3, 7.7, and 5.5%, respectively. ALB urine excretion increased to 110-120 micrograms.min-1 after the 100 and 600 m swims and to 56 micrograms.min-1 after 2,000 m (resting values: 9 micrograms.min-1). In the meantime, the beta 2m excretion rate increased 21 and 10 times the resting values, respectively, for the two shorter swims, with no change for the longer one. Progressive plasma volume reduction was associated with the increase of the protein excretion rate. As evidenced by the creatinine clearance, the glomerular filtration rate did not change for the 100 m swim but dropped by 23 and 35% for the 600 and 2,000 m ones, respectively. On the other hand, the ALB clearance increases were elevated for the three swims, while the beta 2m clearance increases were inversely related to the swimming speeds. The data showed a relationship between the rate of protein excretion and the speed of the swim, and the reduction of plasma volume. The findings could indicate a renal glomerular alteration, with an additional dysfunction of the tubular reabsorption process when the exercise load is high during swimming events.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1990

Decreased plasma tryptophan concentration in major depression: relationship to melancholia and weight loss.

Plasma total tryptophan (TRP) concentration was significantly lower in 31 patients with major depression compared to a healthy control group. The ratio of plasma TRP concentration to that of other branch chain amino acids (the TRP:BCAA ratio) was also decreased. Further analysis revealed that the decrease in plasma TRP and TRP:BCAA ratio was most apparent in patients with major depression and melancholia. Overall, women but not men had significantly decreased plasma tryptophan concentrations, perhaps because of a contributory effect of weight loss; this latter effect, however, could not be distinguished clearly from a diagnosis of melancholia. Our data suggest that in some depressed patients, reductions in plasma tryptophan availability may contribute to abnormalities in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine function.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Postexercise proteinuria in rowers.

Exercise performance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary filtration of proteins during static pool rowing and cycling to exhaustion were studied in trained rowers. The peak VO2 and heart rate were higher during rowing than during cycling. There was a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in lactate concentration after exercise; however, no significant difference was noted between rowing and cycling in either case. Postexercise proteinuria was increased 8 and 11 times, and albuminuria 25 and 20 times after rowing and cycling exercises, respectively. There was no difference between these exercises in terms of protein or albumin excretion. There was no change in postexercise GFR. Albumin clearance was increased 18 and 20 fold after rowing and cycling, respectively. A significant, but low correlation, r = 0.56, was noted between albumin excretion and postexercise blood lactate concentration. Thus, no difference in the effect on kidney response was found between static pool rowing and cycling to exhaustion in these athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of inactivity and exercise on bone.

Bone mass and muscular mass show a parallel evolution during growth, and parallel involution with age. However, the bone loss related to the withdrawal of oestrogens is independent of muscular waste. The extensive study of disuse osteoporosis shows that exercise without weightbearing cannot counteract the loss of bone mass provoked by bed rest or weightlessness. Physical training, even at low frequency (30 to 60 min/day, 2 or 3 days/week), can increase bone mass or reduce bone loss associated with age. This effect is even present when exercise is practised by very old people at a seemingly low level of muscular tension on bone. It is not known whether muscular exercise could be helpful in pathological osteopenia. Experiments in animals indicate a short-lived benefit of exercise practised during a definite growth period; the long term effect of physical training in humans, after cessation of such activity, has not been studied extensively. Equal distribution of tension on all parts of the skeleton is probably not mandatory to obtain a general effect of exercise on bone mass. It is assumed that muscular exercise acts through tension exerted on bone, but the exact mechanism is unknown, as are the specifications of effective exercise in terms of site of application, intensity, frequency and duration. Moreover, little is known about the expected synergy between exercise and occupational activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

The influence of air-cushion shoes on post-exercise proteinuria.

Fourteen trained males participated in three sets of progressive 1 min exercise till exhaustion comparing proteinuria after bicycling, treadmill running under barefoot and air-cushion shoe conditions. Venous lactate rose to about 11 moles.l-1 after the three bouts of exercise while total protein and albumin urinary excretion increased 7 (rest micrograms.min-1) and 19 (rest 11 micrograms.min-1) fold respectively. Creatinine clearance declined to 75% (88 ml.min-1) of the resting values for all three exercises. Albumin clearances increased from 0.24 microliter.min-1 at rest to 4.08 microliters.min-1 during the recovery period. None of the above values were statistically different while comparing the three protocols. On the contrary, plasma hemoglobin showed a significant rise with bare-footed-running (rest 10 mg.100 ml-1; exercise 21 mg.100 ml-1). The lack of hemoglobin in urine postulated that the renal threshold for excretion was not attained in the present conditions. The results indicate that haemolysis and repeated shocks on the foot sole do not lead to the urinary excretion of proteins induced by short-term progressive and exhaustive exercise in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: free amino acids, urea, and creatinine.

Free amino acids, urea, and creatinine were analyzed in venous blood and urine of 11 trained (28--81 years old) male subjects before, immediately after, and 1 day after a 100 km running competition. The urinary excretion per minute of all amino acids was lowered after the contest. The renal clearance of creatinine was reduced from 116 to 60 ml/min and the clearance of most amino acids was reduced to a similar extent. However, for the amino acids with a resting clearance under 1 ml/min (x), a high relative clearance ratio (y in % of x) was seen post-exercise: y = -92.3 (log10 x) +23.1, r = -0.83, showing that their high reabsorption capacity had been impaired. Serum concentrations of most free amino acids, including the branched-chain amino acids and alanine, were reduced to 35--85% of the pre-race values. The sulfur amino acids were elevated either at the end of (cystine, to 180%) or 24 h after (methionine, to 155%) the race. Urea production increased by 44% while creatinine production tended to decrease. The production of 3-methylhistidine remained unchanged. These findings are compatible with a stimulation of gluconegenesis at the expense of the amino acid pool without induction of muscle protein catabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: proteins in serum and urine.

Eleven male subjects took part in a 100 km running competition. Alterations in the total plasma protein and in ten individual plasma protein concentrations in blood and urine were measured prior to the run, immediately after and after 1 day of recovery. Five individual proteins showed a 7-10%, and lysozyme a 40%, increase in the plasma after the run. On the contrary, the haptoglobin concentration fell to 40% of its pre-race level. None of these variations were correlated with the plasma volume change. The present data showed a moderate hemolysis, as evidenced by plasma lysozyme and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding. The urinary excretion of plasma proteins was slightly increased, especially albumin and alpha1-acid-glycoprotein. The renal clearance of plasma proteins revealed that the 100 km run induced a moderate increase of glomerular permeability without any signficant change in the tubular reabsorption process.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Renal glomerular and tubular impairment during strenuous exercise in young women.

Creatinine, total protein, albumin and beta2-microglobulin were measured in the urine of fifteen healthy women before and after strenuous short-term exercise. The heavy intermittent load produced an increased urinary excretion of total protein, albumin and beta2-microglobulin, while creatinine was unaffected. The renal clearance of albumin and beta2-microglobulin showed very high values after stopping the exercise. However, 45 min after the end of exercise, total protein returned to initial values while albumin and beta2-microglobulin remained high. The urinary ratio between beta2-microglobulin and albumin is higher in urine collected after exercise than in normal proteinuria. This implies that post-exercise proteinuria is of glomerular and tubular origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lactate uptake by inactive forearm during progressive leg exercise.

Eleven male subjects were studied during graded leg exercise from 60 to 270 W. Arterial and venous lactate concentrations were measured from the resting forearm during the exercise and recovery periods. Lactate concentration rose regularly during the work and declined slowly to basal levels after the exercise. The arteriovenous difference rapidly became positive during the exercise, indicating a net uptake of lactate by the nonexercising muscles. The uptake of lactate by the muscle correlated directly with the arterial concentration. After the 5th min of recovery, there was no longer any significant difference between arterial and venous lactate concentrations. It is concluded that 1) nonexercising muscles play a small role in the removal of lactate during exercise and 2) significant removal of lactate from the blood by nonexercising muscles stops soon after the cessation of exercise.

Adolescent↗