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Biomedical subjects

J R Newland

Publications and source records attributed to J R Newland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor levels found in patients with malignant conditions.

Impaired fibrinolysis often is found in patients with deep-vein thrombosis. Deep-vein thrombosis is seen in some patients with malignant conditions. In patients with malignant conditions, impaired fibrinolysis may be present and may contribute to the development of thrombotic complications. In this study, the extrinsic fibrinolytic system was evaluated in a group of patients with malignant conditions and compared to a positive control group of patients with history of thrombosis but with no malignant condition and also to a negative control group of normal subjects. The group of patients with malignant conditions had plasminogen activator inhibitor levels similar to those patients with a history of thrombosis. Both of these groups had higher plasminogen activator inhibitor levels than the normal control patients.

Fibrinolysis↗
PubMed1991

Mucinous cysts of the vulva.

Two cases of mucinous cysts of the vulva are reported. The embryology of the lower female genital tract is described, including the Müllerian duct system, cloaca and urogenital sinus. The relationship of the Wolffian duct system is also included in the discussion. It has been felt in the past that these vulvar cysts are Müllerian-derived. However, it is now deemed more plausible that they are from the entodermally-derived urogenital sinus epithelium. These cysts pose no threat to the patient but are interesting from the standpoint of embryogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Protein C deficiency and anticardiolipin antibodies in a family with premature stroke.

Anticardiolipin antibodies and, rarely, protein C deficiency have been described in patients with stroke. The familial coexistence of these two prothrombotic defects has not been previously reported. We describe a family with debilitating strokes occurring at an early age in whom both anticardiolipin antibodies and protein C deficiency were found. The propositus and her deceased mother both suffered a stroke at age 50 years. The propositus had both anticardiolipin antibodies and protein C deficiency. After a detailed study of the remainder of the family, the tendency to form anticardiolipin antibodies appeared to be inherited independently of the protein C deficiency. The simultaneous occurrence of these abnormalities in one family suggests that it may be useful to test for both anticardiolipin antibodies and inherited anticoagulant protein deficiencies in patients with unusual or unexplained stroke. The differential expression of both protein C deficiency and anticardiolipin antibody production in various members of the described family may allow insight into the relative contributions of these two prothrombotic abnormalities for the development of thrombotic complications, including stroke.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Heterotopic gastrointestinal cyst of the tongue.

A 6.5-month-old white male presented with a cyst involving the left posterior half of his tongue which partially compromised his airway. A computed tomography scan revealed that the mass also involved the left floor of the mouth. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and the mass was demonstrated to be a gastrointestinal heterotopic cyst. The clinical and pathological features of this rare lesion are presented and the pathogenesis is discussed.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1989

Detection and characterization of interleukin-1 in human dental pulps.

Pulp tissue was obtained from clinically intact third molars and premolars, and from teeth affected by caries and periodontal disease. After incubation and homogenization, supernatants were centrifuged, sampled and assayed for lymphocyte activating factor-like activity using the thymidine-incorporated D10.G4.1 cell-line assay. Significantly higher levels of mitogenic activity were found in the pulp supernatants of symptomatic carious teeth, and in those of third molars with attendant pericoronitis, than in pulps from symptomatic and asymptomatic periodontally affected teeth and asymptomatic third molars and premolars. As both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) may be involved in the proliferation of D10.G4.1 cells, supernatants from carious pulps were further tested for IL-2 activity using murine natural killer (NK) cells. Those that had elicited a proliferative response of D10.G4.1 cells did not enhance NK proliferation, indicating that the factor responsible for clonal replication of D10.G4.1 cells was IL-1. To confirm the presence of IL-1, immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to IL-1 was performed on frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of pulps from each group. IL-1 was immunolocalized within cells in pulps from the caries symptomatic group. The cell type producing IL-1 was further characterized as an alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase-positive macrophage within the connective tissue stroma of pulps from the caries symptomatic group. This novel demonstration of IL-1 and IL-1 producing cells in human dental pulp indicates the involvement of this mediator of inflammation in dental disease.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Cytomegalovirus in intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma.

Intraoral Kaposi's sarcomas from five patients with AIDS were examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA by in situ hybridization using a biotin-labeled CMV DNA probe and by Southern blot analysis. CMV DNA was detected in two of the five intraoral Kaposi's sarcomas. The CMV DNA was localized to the nuclei of well-differentiated endothelial cells lining well-formed blood vessels, but was not detected in the spindle-shaped cells. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of CMV DNA in both lesions. These findings support the concept that CMV may be involved in the neoplastic transformation of the endothelial cells that comprise Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Fentanyl intermittent bolus technique for anesthesia in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery.

The use of fentanyl by an incremental intravenous (IV) bolus technique was evaluated in eight pediatric patients (ages 4 months to 5 years, ASA III-IV) undergoing corrective surgery for congenital heart defects. Anesthesia was induced with 5 to 10 micrograms/kg of fentanyl. Additional boluses of comparable size were given intermittently thereafter, in order that a total dose of 100 micrograms/kg was achieved just before instituting cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, various measures of anesthetic depth, and plasma fentanyl levels measured by radioimmunoassay were compared at various points during anesthesia, surgery, and recovery. Decreases in heart rate were observed at the time of sternal incision and at 30 minutes thereafter, when doses of fentanyl were near-maximal. No changes from baseline in systolic blood pressure or in anesthetic depth occurred at any of the intervals studied. The plasma concentration of fentanyl was 30 +/- 8 ng/mL just after completion of the fentanyl administration, immediately before CPB. With onset of CPB, the fentanyl level fell to 13 +/- 9 ng/mL, a statistically significant difference from the baseline value. No further change occurred over the additional 231 +/- 74 minutes in the operating room. The fentanyl concentration was 10 +/- 4 ng/mL upon entry into the recovery room. It is concluded that administration of fentanyl in small, intermittent IV boluses, with dosing completed before the onset of CPB, produces satisfactory plasma levels, anesthesia, and hemodynamic stability in children undergoing corrective surgery for congenital cardiac defects.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1989

Heterotopic liver of the jejunum. Report of a case and a review.

A case of heterotopic liver of the jejunum confirmed by electron microscopy in a 2-year-old girl is described. We review the literature regarding heterotopic liver and discuss its embryogenesis. We suggest that in our case, there was trapping of hepatocyte-destined mesenchyme prior to biliary tree development.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma: a correlated light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study.

Oral mucosal lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma are a common finding in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The histologic features of Kaposi's sarcoma vary, depending on the clinical stage of the lesion. Endothelium-lined vessels are the principal feature of early, macular lesions, while spindle cells dominate late-stage, nodular lesions. The histogenesis of both components remains controversial. In this study, biopsy specimens of intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma from 10 patients with AIDS were studied by light and electron microscopic examination and by immunoperoxidase staining with the endothelial markers, factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europeaus agglutinin I. The results of this study support a vascular origin for both the endothelium-lined vessels and the spindle cells. The latter appear to represent vascular endothelial cells in various stages of differentiation. The histologic features that are useful in the diagnosis of intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma are reviewed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Blood coagulation: a review.

Blood coagulation consists of several interrelated reactions involving platelets and blood vessels, the classical cascade, and the fibrinolytic system. There is a complex of inhibiting influences on each of these schemes, and there are interrelationships among these inhibitory influences.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1987

Abdominal pregnancy: magnetic resonance identification with ultrasonographic follow-up of placental involution.

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare event and preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. Recently, sonographic examination and magnetic resonance imaging have proved helpful in the preoperative diagnosis in a patient who presented with advanced abdominal pregnancy after tubal sterilization. As well, ultrasound was of benefit in the follow-up of placental involution after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Growth of intestinal neomucosa on prosthetic materials.

The short bowel syndrome is a potential complication of the surgical management of diseases of the large and small intestine. Recently methods have been examined for expanding the small bowel absorptive area using prosthetic materials. We investigated the feasibility of growing intestinal mucosa on prosthetic patches and tubes. Ileal defects were patched with a 2 X 5-cm patch of either Dacron (n = 15), polyglycolic acid mesh (PGA) (n = 9), or polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) (n = 5) prosthesis in New Zealand white male rabbits. Gross and microscopic analysis at 2, 4, and 8 weeks revealed that the serosal surface was covered with neomucosa by 4 weeks. Dacron and PTFE grafts were either minimally attached or extruded and PGA grafts had dissolved. At 8 weeks, none of the patches were present but with all three materials the resultant area of neomucosa was only 15% of the original defect. The neomucosa was functional as determined by glucose uptake and disaccharidase activity. Three centimeter Dacron tubes were interposed in the distal ileum of 10 rabbits and in a bypassed ileal segment in 11 rabbits. There was an 80% mortality within 2 weeks, and no evidence of neomucosal growth. Although prosthetic patches support the growth of functional neomucosa, there is a minimal increase in the final surface area. The type of prosthesis did not influence the outcome. The use of Dacron tubes is associated with high mortality and no neomucosal growth. The use of prosthetic materials is not likely to be useful in the clinical management of the short bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Amyloid deposits in lymph nodes: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study.

In a series of approximately 80,000 lymph nodes, amyloid deposition was found in 18; 12 of those nodes were selected, on the basis of availability of specimens, for investigation by immunohistochemical typing to identify the protein of origin and by correlation with morphologic criteria and clinical information. Four patterns of amyloid deposition were identified: lymph node vessel involvement, follicular deposition, diffuse deposition, and a combination of follicular and diffuse deposition. All cases were classified immunohistochemically with the amyloid type-specific antisera anti-AA, anti-A lambda, anti-A kappa, anti-ASc1, and anti-AF. Immunoglobulin-derived protein (AL) in lymph nodes was found in every case of isolated amyloidosis, lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma, plasmacytoma, and idiopathic amyloidosis. Among the cases of AL amyloidosis were nine of A lambda and one of the A kappa type. AA protein was present in two cases of reactive systemic amyloidosis. There was no useful morphologic correlation with the immunohistochemically identified amyloid types.

Aged↗