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Biomedical subjects

J R May

Publications and source records attributed to J R May.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A collaborative effort to study methods of teaching physical examination skills.

A collaborative study was conducted between two medical schools to evaluate critically the teaching of physical examination skills to first-year medical students, assess the effect of different instructional methods on student performance, and improve teaching programs at both schools. Students at the two schools were videotaped performing a physical examination on a paid model at the completion of their physical diagnosis courses. The videotapes were sent to a third school for independent evaluation based on criteria agreed upon by all three schools. Students participating in a highly structured course and utilizing a very specific behavioral checklist as both a teaching and evaluating instrument tended to perform more complete physical examinations than students from a less structured course and employing a more generalized checklist. Both medical schools benefited from participation in the study.

Arizona↗
PubMed1975

Induction of L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae in vitro.

The induction of L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae by penicillin, amoxycillin and glycine has been studies in vitro on a nutrient-agar medium. The minimal inducing concentrations of the antibiotics were generally the same as their minimal inhibitory concentrations, but the addition of a sub-inducing concentration of glycine lowered the minimal inducing concentration of penicillin. Preliminary observations have shown that L-forms are induced by penicillin or amoxycillin on a medium in which mucoid sputum forms the sole source of nutrients, and that they remain viable for at least 48 h in the absence of added osmotic stabiliser. The minimal inducing concentration on "sputum agar" is within the range of concentrations measured in sputum from patients receiving amoxycillin therapy. The implications of these observations in relation to bactericidal therapy of haemophilus infections of the respiratory tract are discussed.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1974

An improved test for Haemophilus influenzae precipitins in the serum of patients with chronic respiratory disease.

The detection of antibacterial precipitins in the serum of patients with chronic lower respiratory infections has been shown to be of great value in the assessment of pathogenicity of the corresponding bacterial species in the sputum. The test used hitherto, however, is time-consuming and cumbersome owing to the need to distinguish, by immunoelectrophoresis, between antibodies specific to the organism in question and those which react with antigens common to various Gram-negative species. A method has now been devised for the preparation of an extract of Haemophilus influenzae containing species-specific antigens only. Use of this extract obviates the need for immuno-electrophoresis and improves the sensitivity of the test.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1974

Osmotically stable L forms of Haemophilus influenzae and their significance in testing sensitivity to penicillins.

The sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to penicillins in vitro, determined either by serial antibiotic dilution in broth or by the disc method on agar, is apparently profoundly influenced by inoculum size if the results are read by macroscopic inspection. Microscopic inspection of the growth, however, reveals that the turbidity in heavily inoculated broth containing concentrations higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration is the product of L forms which have failed to succumb to osmotic lysis. Similarly, minute colonies appearing in the ;inhibition zone' of disc tests are composed of L forms. In both broth and agar tests reduction of the osmolality of the medium from 340 to 144 mOsm per kg failed to bring about lysis of organisms exposed either to ampicillin or amoxycillin. The significance of this remarkable osmotic stability of haemophilus L forms is discussed in relation both to testing of sensitivity of this organism to penicillins and to persistence of chronic haemophilus infections of the lower respiratory tract.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1972

Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to trimethoprim.

Out of 210 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae obtained from the sputum of 63 patients with chronic respiratory infections 109 (52%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole by the disc test. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim for 17 out of 18 strains recorded as resistant were 10 mug/ml or higher. Resistant strains were isolated from time to time from 32 (82%) out of 39 patients known to have been treated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, compared with only 1 (12.5%) out of 8 patients known not to have been treated with this drug combination. Resistant strains were isolated most frequently from patients who had received long-term treatment. Since sulphamethoxazole penetrates from the blood into the bronchial secretions less readily than does trimethoprim it seems likely that the ratio of the two drugs in the bronchial tree is far from ideal. This may be an important factor in the use of these drugs for chest infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗