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Biomedical subjects

J R Leiberman

Publications and source records attributed to J R Leiberman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Twinning in southern Israel; secular trends, ethnic variation and effects of maternal age and parity.

Twin births in southern Israel between 1970 and 1986 were examined in the Jewish and Bedouin populations. An increase in dizygotic twinning in the whole population, largely due to an increase of rate in the Bedouin population was found. The dizygotic twinning rate in the Bedouin population rose until it reached the level found in the Jewish population. No change with time was found in the monozygotic twinning rates in either population. This suggests that while dizygotic twinning rates are influenced by environmental factors, the monozygotic twinning rates are not. The effects of maternal age and parity on dizygotic and monozygotic twinning rates differed in the two ethnic groups examined. In the Jewish population the dizygotic twinning rate was related to maternal age and parity, while in the Bedouins only maternal age affects the rate. The monozygotic twinning rate has an inverted U shape with maternal age in the Jewish population and is linearly related to maternal age in Bedouin women. No effect of parity on the Jewish monozygotic twinning rate is found but this rate is directly affected by parity in Bedouin women. The effects of maternal age and parity together were examined in both populations. Both maternal age and parity affected the twinning rates; however, the effects are not additive and no interaction between maternal age and parity was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vascular nature of pre-eclampsia.

The etiology of preeclampsia is not known. There are some partial well established mechanisms like decreased refractoriness to vasoactive agents, reduced placental and artery wall production of prostacyclin, increased production of thromboxane, and luminal trophoblast invasion of spiral arteries. We propose that it would be of primary importance to elucidate the role of uterine artery as an early pathway of preeclamptic disease. Defective hypertrophy of the uterine artery during pregnancy may give way to stretching, distortion and narrowing of the arterial lumen. The rate of growth of the pregnant uterus may not be synchronous with the expected hypertrophy of the uterine artery, thus jeopardizing the blood flow in its branches, such as arcuate and spiral arteries. This disturbance may cause non invasion by the trophoblast of the spiral arteries and subsequent placental hypoxia. Exaggerated uterine volume, like multiple pregnancy, hydatiform mole and hydramnios, may facilitate preeclampsia by demanding more blood supply from an inadequate uterine artery. The prevalence of preeclampsia in primiparous women can be understood, since additional pregnancies will find the uterine arteries already elongated, at least to some extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Uterine rupture complicating midtrimester abortion. A report of two cases.

Uterine rupture occurring during a midtrimester abortion is rare. This complication may lead to profound shock and death as well as to interference with the patient's future fertility. Two patients sustained a uterine rupture during midtrimester abortion. This complication seems to be preventable. The risk of uterine rupture due to overstimulation is higher when amnioinfusion with prostaglandin or hypertonic saline is combined with the use of other oxytocic drugs. Grand multiparas undergoing amnioinfusion should not be given oxytocin; in the rare cases in which oxytocin is needed, it should be administered cautiously and monitored continuously. When a supplemental agent, such as an oxytocic, is needed, it should not be started until several hours after the amnioinfusion.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1988

Plasma and urine beta-thromboglobulin in severe preeclampsia.

Beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) has been shown to be a specific platelet protein and can be used as a marker of platelet activation in preeclampsia. Concomitant studies of BTG levels in plasma and urine were performed with eight primiparous severe preeclamptic patients and eight normal primiparous women matched for age. The mean plasma BTG in the severe preeclamptic patients was 186.62 +/- 29.93 ng/ml, and in the control group 45.38 +/- 31.84 ng/ml. The P-value for the difference was highly significant (P = 0.000). In contrast, the mean urine BTG in the study group was 8.42 +/- 4.61 ng/ml, while the mean value for the control group was similar, 5.00 +/- 3.20 ng/ml. The P-value for the difference was not significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). These results show that urinary BTG cannot be considered an indicator of platelet activation in severe preeclampsia. A low urinary BTG concentration in the presence of high plasma BTG levels may rather express renal impairment. Failure of BTG renal clearance would contribute to further raising the level of plasma BTG.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma antithrombin III levels in pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension.

Plasma levels of antithrombin III were tested during pregnancy in a control group of normal patients and in a study group that included patients with moderate and severe pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension. The control group showed mean antithrombin III activity of 97.9 +/- 20.9%, the severe pre-eclamptic patients 22.33 +/- 18.22%, the moderate pre-eclamptic patients 56.0 +/- 7.56%, and the chronic hypertensive patients 77.5 +/- 6.69%. The difference between normal pregnancy and moderate pre-eclampsia was significant at P less than 0.002, normal pregnancy and severe pre-eclampsia P less than 0.002, moderate and severe pre-eclampsia P less than 0.002, chronic hypertension and normal pregnancy P less than 0.1, and chronic hypertension and severe pre-eclampsia P less than 0.002. All the severe pre-eclamptic patients and 2 out of 6 of the moderate pre-eclamptic women were below 55.7% (mean - 2S.D.) of normal antithrombin III activity. Patients with heavy proteinuria had depressed antithrombin III activity. However, chronic hypertensive pregnancies, although rather a small group, had almost normal values of plasma antithrombin III activity. The plasma antithrombin III value may thus help to distinguish between chronic hypertension and severe pre-eclamptic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Puerperal adynamic ileus.

Puerperal adynamic ileus includes acute mild and severe clinical manifestations. Acute severe puerperal adynamic ileus may constitute the clinical indication of a serious underlying disease, such as sepsis, rupture of uterus, intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal bleeding, ureteral pathology, intra-abdominal foreign body and internal diseases. Sometimes the diagnosis requires abdominal and chest X-ray, uterine exploration and intravenous pyelography. Surgical treatment requires proper previous general evaluation; and fluids, electrolytes and plasma should be provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Blood supply to the uterus in preeclampsia.

Uterine fundal and low segment arcuate artery velocimetry was studied in normal pregnant women and in severe preeclamptic patients. The waveform velocity of the preeclamptic group revealed large differences between systole and diastole, as well as an increased resistance index. Furthermore, the abnormality was more severe in the fundal than in the low segment arcuate measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pregnancy complicated by Cushing's syndrome.

A case of Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy due to adrenal adenoma is described. Despite the poor prognosis and the fact that treatment was delayed until after delivery, a normal term infant was born and maternal outcome was good.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Abortion caused by electrical current.

A case of electrical accident in a pregnant woman at 9 weeks of gestation is described. No fetal heart activity was noted immediately after the injury, and spontaneous abortion occurred two days later.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Acid phosphatase levels in follicular fluids following induction of ovulation in in vitro fertilization patients.

Considerable evidence indicates that changes in acid phosphatase (AP) activity at the ovarian level play a role in the process of ovulation. In this study the concentrations of AP were determined in follicular fluids collected from follicles of 52 women at the time of laparoscopy performed in connection with an in vitro fertilization program. In each of the 52 women at least one ovum was harvested. Of the 52 ova, 28 cleaved in vitro, while in 24 ova cleavage was not seen. Levels of AP in follicular fluids of women whose ova did not cleave were significantly lower than those found in follicular fluids of women with at least one ovum undergoing cleavage: 0.45 +/- 0.14 (SE) and 4.78 +/- 0.37 Bess Lowry Units (BLU), respectively. Comparison of AP levels in follicular fluids of women who conceived (5) and women whose ova cleaved, but in whom pregnancy was not achieved (23), did not reveal significant differences: 5.87 +/- 1.29 and 4.55 +/- 0.35 BLU, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme level was typical for a woman and not for a follicle. Fluids of two different follicles of the same woman, when one ovum cleaved and one did not, showed similar AP levels. AP levels were high in all samples follicles of women in whom at least one ovum cleaved. These findings indicate that the presence of certain levels of acid phosphatase represents an important, albeit not the sole, condition for ovum maturation. Moreover, the follicular fluid levels of AP could serve as an indicator of proper timing of the follicular puncture in relation to the human chorionic gonadotropin injection (or the luteinizing hormone peak).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Personality and social resources in immediate and continued stress resistance among women.

In this study we investigated the immediate and continued impact on women of a major stressful event, the outcome of pregnancy, and the mitigating effect of self-esteem and intimacy with their spouse on their reactions. Few other studies have investigated initial reactions to crisis events. Ninety-nine Israeli women who experienced either normal delivery or pregnancy complications were interviewed at the time of the event and 3 months later. High self-esteem was found to limit feelings of depression at both times. Intimacy with spouse limited depression at the event, but not at follow-up. High self-esteem was seen as always being exploitable by women who possessed it, whereas the benefit of intimacy with spouse was seen as being dependent on situational demands and environmental constraints. Cross-cultural implications were presented.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗