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Biomedical subjects

J R Lang

Publications and source records attributed to J R Lang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The components of satisfaction with outpatient pharmacy services.

The true objective of a pharmacy manager is not just to measure satisfaction, but to improve it by identifying and meeting the needs of the patient. This study was undertaken with the objective of determining the relevant components of outpatient pharmacy service which impact the patient's perception of satisfaction, and to develop an on-going instrument to track satisfaction with pharmacy services over time. A survey was mailed to 391 outpatients. Simple correlation was used to identify the salient components of patient satisfaction. Multiple regression was used to determine the relative contribution of each of these components to overall satisfaction. Principle components analysis (PCA) provided the basis for delineating the underlying dimensions of which patient satisfaction is comprised. The two most meaningful factors derived from these data can be defined as professional communication and the physical and emotional well-being of the patient. By understanding the dynamics of the components of satisfaction, pharmacy managers can emphasize those areas which will produce a more satisfied patient, repeat patronage, and enhanced viability for the pharmacy.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1991

A comprehensive method validation strategy for bioanalytical applications in the pharmaceutical industry--1. Experimental considerations.

The method validation strategy described consists of four components which are the prevalidation, validation proper, study proper and statistical analyses. These components constitute the platform upon which to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of a bioanalytical method. Consideration has been given to emulate the study proper conditions to understand the method's limitations and performance expectations. The validation strategy will be presented in two papers. This first paper will describe the overall validation strategy, and the second paper will discuss the statistical analyses and data interpretation.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed1991

A comprehensive method validation strategy for bioanalytical applications in the pharmaceutical industry--2. Statistical analyses.

The first paper in this two-part series described [Lang and Bolton, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 9, 357-361 (1991)] an overall validation strategy for bioanalytical methods. This second paper focuses on the statistical analyses performed on the validation data that will allow the analyst to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of a bioanalytical method. Based on the validation results, acceptance criteria for the quality control concentrations are established and used during the study proper to determine if the analytical run is valid. After analysing the clinical study samples and accepting the analytical runs, the quality control results are incorporated into databases to update their acceptance limits. This continuous validation process enables the analyst to monitor the method's performance over time and be confident that accurate sample concentrations are being reported. It is important to emphasize that the statistical analyses of the data provide information that should be considered from a practical point of view by the analyst. The analyst should use sound judgement in evaluating the reliability of the method.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Determination of albuterol concentrations in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A fast, simple, and accurate method for determining albuterol concentrations in human plasma has been developed and validated for use in routine clinical analyses. This method involves a solid-phase extraction procedure using silica cartridges and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Regression analysis showed the method was linear over the standard curve range 1-16 ng ml-1. The percent recovery for albuterol and the internal standard, bamethane, at 5 ng ml-1 was found to be greater than 90%. The newly developed method has been applied in the analysis of plasma samples from patients and healthy volunteers.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1983

Inexpensive microcomputer for intravenous admixture service applications.

A microcomputer system for maintaining data on intravenous piggyback (IVPB) admixture use and for generating labels for IVPB admixtures is described. The system was developed in a 558-bed hospital where the pharmacy compounds 500-800 i.v. admixtures daily. The objectives were to (1) provide an electronic profile with quick patient-search capabilities, (2) reduce time spent and errors occurring in labeling, (3) decrease duplication and consequent waste of admixtures, and (4) improve collection of drug-use statistics. Software was developed by the pharmacist to achieve these objectives. When a drug order is entered, files are automatically searched for duplication. Every 24 hours, labels for the entire patient profile are printed and statistics are generated on types of drugs used, number of each type of drug, total number of patients on IVPBs, and total number of IVPBs. A user's manual was developed and staff-training sessions were held before the system was implemented. In the first 24 months of operation, most computer downtime was caused by hardware problems. Four man-hours per day were saved in typing time (+7000 annual cost reduction). Waste of approximately six admixtures daily was prevented (+5000 annual savings). Total software development and implementation cost +5000, and hardware cost +4200. The total cost of the system was thus realized during the first year of operation.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Stability of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole injection in five infusion fluids.

The stability of an intravenous dosage form of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim; Hoffmann-La Roche) was studied in five i.v. fluids at four dilutions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole injection was diluted 1:25 v/v, 1:20 v/v, 1:15 v/v and 1:10 v/v in 5% dextrose injection, lactated Ringer's injection, 0.45% sodium chloride injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection in quadruplicate. Solutions were mixed in 150-ml glass containers and stored at 23-25 degrees C; 5-ml samples were withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours and filtered with a 0.22-micron filter. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole concentrations in the filtrates were assayed with high-performance liquid chromatography, and the pH of filtrates was measured. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were stable for 24 hours in all fluids and at all dilutions with one exception. Trimethoprim concentration fell more than 10% in lactated Ringer's injection at 24 hours because of precipitation in one container. There was no consistent change in pH of solutions. It is concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole admixtures are stable in glass containers of the five solutions at the dilutions studied for 12 hours at ambient room temperature.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1980

The effects of group decision-making process and problem-situation complexity on implementation attempts.

The effects of group problem-solving method and problem-situation complexity on attempts at implementing group solutions were investigated in a laboratory-field setting. Group members were supervisory nurses from various organizations, who were randomly assigned to three groups in a balanced research design which included three group decision-making processes and three levels of problem-situation complexity in implementation. The dependent variable was the number of attempts at implementing group-derived solutions in home organizations. The results showed that structure in group decision-making processes led to increased rates of implementation attempts at all levels of problem-situation complexity. There was a significant complexity-by-process interaction effect among the decision-making processes, which supports the conclusion that the type of group decision-making process and the problem-situation complexity should be considered in order to optimize the number of implementation attempts.g

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Lost to follow-up.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1977

The prognostic significance of lymphocytic infiltration in malignant melanoma of the choroid.

Lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration surrounding a malignant tumor probably represents an immunologic response of the host directed against the neoplasm. It has been documented that lymphocytic infiltration has a favorable effect on prognosis in a number of human tumor systems, including cutaneous melanoma. In the present study, 309 consecutive cases of choroidal melanoma were examined for cellular infiltration, and these data were correlated with other histologic parameters and with prognosis. A intense cellular infiltration was found in 15 tumors (4.9%) and a moderate infiltration in 37 (12.0%). Tumors with cellular infiltration were significantly larger and more vascularized than the remaining tumors, which may be related to the accessibility of the immune system to the tumor. There was a higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors among the tumors with cellular infiltration. However, it does not appear the cellular infiltration favorably influences the prognosis of choroidal melanoma. The 5-year survival rates of patients with like cell types did not depend upon the degree of cellular infiltration demonstrated by the primary tumor. Although choroidal melanomas are capable of inciting an immune response, this response is apparently ineffective in preventing metastatic spread.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocytic infiltration in choroidal melanoma and its prognostic significance.

Lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration surrounding a malignant tumour probably represents an immunological response of the host directed against the neoplasm. Lymphocytic infiltration has a favourable effect on the prognosis in a number of human tunours, including cutaneous melanoma. The present study includes 326 consecutive cases of cholroidal melanoma which were examined for cellular infiltration. These data were then correlated with other histological parameters and with prognosis. An intense cellular infiltration was found in fifteen tumours (4.6 per cent) and a moderate infiltration in forty (12.3 per cent). Tumours with cellular infiltration were significantly larger and more vascularized than the remaining tumours, which may relate to the accessibility of the immune system to the tumour. There was a higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumours among those with cellular infiltration. However, it does not appear that cellular infiltration favourably influences the prognosis of choroidal melanoma, as 5-year survival rates did not correlate with the degree of cellular infiltration demonstrated by the primary tumour. Although choroidal melanomas are capable of inciting an immune response, this response is apparently ineffective in preventing metastastic spread.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Macular vision following retinal detachment surgery.

We studied 100 retinal detachment patients with macular involvement who had successful scleral buckling procedures using encircling fascia lata. Aphakic patients and patients with pre-existing ocular pathology in addition to the detachment were not excluded from the series. Follow-ups of one year or more (average 26.1 months) were available for 77 of the patients. Forty-four of these patients (56.5%) achieved acuities of 20/60 or better. The duration of the detachment was an important prognostic factor; one month was the critical period for the duration of the detachment. The existence of preoperative ocular pathology in addition to the detachment was also an important prognostic indicator. There was no significant difference in the visual acuities of phakic versus aphakic patients. Half of the patients studied with respect to refractive error became more myopic with an average change of -1.01 diopters.

Adult↗