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Biomedical subjects

J R Jamison

Publications and source records attributed to J R Jamison.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nutritional intervention in chiropractic clinical practice: the chiropractic student's perspective.

A survey of chiropractic students reveals that they regard chiropractors as a knowledgeable source of information about nutrition. While the dissonance produced by the use of nutrients in clinical practice may be overcome by denying that this constitutes drug therapy, the controversies of appropriate use need to be addressed. The challenge faced by chiropractic undergraduate nutrition education involves identification of justifiable nutritional interventions, selection of effective doses and an awareness of the potential side effects. By resolving to match or better the medical profession as a source of nutritional health care, the future chiropractor has unwittingly embraced the cost-benefit paradigm of medical drug therapy.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1989

Clinical competence: the use of simulators/models in diagnosis of visceral conditions.

As primary contact practitioners, chiropractors must be competent to screen patients for the presence of visceral disease. Special "clinical" preparation is required to provide students with adequate diagnostic skills in this area in view of the "select" group of patients frequenting chiropractic clinics--the vast majority of chiropractic patients present with musculoskeletal disorders or pain syndromes. The use of sound simulators and life-form models in a problem-based teaching format ensures that students are equipped to cope with any primary contact clinical eventuality in this area. The use of these sound simulators and models in the assessment of clinical competence furthermore enables the implementation of improved standardization and clinical relevance in clinical assessment.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1988

Osteoporosis screening and prevention in the chiropractic clinic.

Osteoporosis is a significant health problem among women. Fractures appear to occur once bone mass falls below a certain threshold. Maximization of bone mass may therefore constitute a measure for promoting skeletal health. Dietary calcium consumption of 1-1.5 g/day and adequate weight-bearing exercise maximize bone mass in all age groups. A small survey of women attending the chiropractic clinics of Phillip Institute suggests that routine screening for osteoporosis risk factors may be justified. A self-care program for improving skeletal health in women who fail to meet the dietary calcium and exercise risk minimization criteria is provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Drug usage by patients attending chiropractic clinics.

While chiropractors themselves offer a "natural" form of health care, their patients are drawn from a drug-ingesting population. This survey, conducted on patients attending chiropractic teaching clinics, found that more than 92% of respondents used drugs. Drugs assessed included nutritional supplements, social and prescription drugs. This paper considers the clinical manifestations of drugs frequently encountered in this study and comments on their impact for chiropractic practitioner's clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Self-care: chiropractic student's perspective.

Chiropractors, like other primary contact practitioners, function at the consumer-health care system interface. It is at this level of health care that consumer trends are manifest. Consumers are currently expressing increased interest in self-care. This paper assesses the attitudes and beliefs of senior chiropractic students to self-care; particularly insofar as these are perceived to impact on chiropractic clinical care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Chiropractic's functional integration into conventional health care: some implications.

Australian chiropractors have achieved functional integration into a referral network within conventional health care. In order that benefits from this achievement be maximized, one issue that needs to be addressed includes the streamlining of interprofessional referrals. Most respondents indicated that their preferred interprofessional communication pattern within this network was either by telephone or written report. Delineation of chiropractic scope of practice and/or the services available within chiropractic clinics is suggested as a means of further refining the efficiency of interprofessional referrals. Another issue to be addressed is the implementation of a rational approach when chiropractic belief and traditional medical practice are in conflict. As complementary conventional health care practitioners, chiropractors are representatives of the orthodox health care system. This paper proposes a format whereby resolution of conflicts between ascribed and perceived roles may be attempted. Evolutionary progress rather than revolutionary disruption is possible within conventional health care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Dietary control of mild essential hypertension.

Chiropractors share the responsibility of primary contact practitioners for hypertension case management. Once mild essential hypertension has been diagnosed, the patient may be placed on either a dietary or drug antihypertension regime. The effectiveness of various dietary interventions in the management of hypertensive patients is discussed, and recommendations for the nonpharmacological control of mild essential hypertension are made.

Diet, Sodium-Restricted↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous lesions in the sternums of growing rats.

Pathologic examination of sternums from young growing rats revealed a number of skeletal lesions involving both cartilage and bone elements. Degeneration or aseptic necrosis of the intersternebral cartilage was a frequent finding in most rats that were examined either at 130 or 180 days of age. Thickening of the sternal cortices and trabeculae containing prominent cement lines were less frequently occurring lesions in these sternums. These changes were absent in rats of 70 days of age. The etiology of the lesions is not understood, although several factors may be incriminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Chiropractic and medical models of health care--a contemporary perspective.

Chiropractic and medical models of health care are perceived as philosophically incompatible by chiropractic practitioners and spokesmen for the medical profession. This alleged incompatibility is used to rationalize the resistance of the medical profession to the functional integration of chiropractic into the orthodox referral system. Structural integration of chiropractic into the orthodox health care system which is unaccompanied by functional integration fails to confer upon patients the benefits of that system. It is therefore in the interests of patient care that the alleged philosophical differences be examined and, if possible, resolved. Examination of the chiropractic and relevant medical models of health care in the contemporary context of the health disease continuum sheds new light on traditional philosophical conflicts.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1985

The chiropractic doctor.

Chiropractors as autonomous consulting professionals, acting as a portal of entry into the health care system, have a scope of practice which is diagnostically unlimited but therapeutically restricted. Chiropractic therapy is confined to natural means of intervention. Included in the health care responsibilities of primary contact practitioners is the requirement that they serve as a health relevant information source for their patients and clients. Chiropractors are achieving disease intervention by participating in the health education of their patients. Modern chiropractic doctors are teaching clinicians. In line with chiropractic philosophy, their perspective is holistic. In order to minimise intrusion upon the practice of their clinical expertise, health education tools are recommended and used by busy practitioners with a health promotion conscience.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1984

Three types of cytoplasmic granules in cardiac muscle cells of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Ceroid, lipofuscin, and hyaline-type intracytoplasmic granules found in cardiac muscle cells of cynomolgus monkeys were studied using histologic, histochemical, and fluorescent microscopic techniques. The studies indicated that the ceroid granules contained an insoluble lipid as well as a component that was stainable with Luxol fast blue and Mallory's phloxine stain for hyaline. Lipofuscin granules had staining reactions characteristic of the classical age-related pigment. Hyaline granules were devoid of lipid component and were distinctly different from either ceroid or lipofuscin. All three types of granules were located at the poles of cardiac muscle cell nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Educational preparation for chiropractic clinical research.

Chiropractic is severely criticized by organized medicine for its lack of scientific proof and publications. The official stance is that the onus for demonstrating the scientific validity of chiropractic rests with the chiropractic profession rather than the health care system. It is therefore desirable that chiropractic practitioners gain a practical comprehension of research methodology during their undergraduate course. This paper theorizes on how the teaching of research methodology may be implemented so as to facilitate clinical chiropractic research. By linking research and diagnosis in the form of case studies it is suggested that a significant contribution to chiropractic clinical research publications can be made by field practitioners. Changes in the undergraduate chiropractic program and at the Phillip Institute of Technology are examined in the light of the above proposal.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1980

The use of inferential statistics in health and disease: A warning.

Community health is an increasingly important subject in the curricula of medical students. The roots of this discipline can be traced to public health and social and preventive medicine. Definition of its boundaries is being sought. Within these boundaries are epidemiology and biostatistics. Community health has reached into the social sciences and adopted their research methodology as a tool for the study of variables influencing disease in communities. This adoption has brought advantages to the practice of community health. It has also brought with it the controversy surrounding the use of the agricultural-botany paradigm in the study of human problems. With the incorporation of social science research methodology into community health, cognizance must be taken by medical educators and community health practitioners of the criticisms surrounding the use of inferential statistics.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient-practitioner perceptions: can chiropractors assume congruence?

BACKGROUND: Advances in mind-body medicine have resulted in the realization that beliefs can modulate pathophysiologic processes. Because symbolic interaction affects health status, perceptions and the congruence between the perceptions of chiropractors and their patients become a relevant clinical consideration. OBJECTIVE: A case study to explore the congruence of health-relevant perceptions of chiropractors and their patients was undertaken. METHOD: This Australian case study was undertaken to explore the concurrence of patient-practitioner perceptions with respect to the patient's stress levels, the importance of injury as a causative factor in the presenting symptom and the responsibility the patient should take "in getting themselves well." Purposive sampling of practitioners and convenience sampling of patients was undertaken. Data were collected by means of a patient questionnaire and a practitioner questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed to determine the congruence of patient-practitioner perceptions within each of 173 consultations. RESULTS: A total of 9 practitioners and 173 patients participated. Within each patient-practitioner dyad, congruence of perceptions was <50% in each of 3 dimensions examined. Most patients believed they should take a high level of responsibility for "getting well." DISCUSSION: Although the results of a case study cannot be extrapolated to the chiropractic patient population, this study does suggest that it may be prudent for chiropractors to ascertain the extent to which their patients share their perceptions of the presenting clinical problem. "Thinking hats" are proposed as a helpful perception management tool. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study suggests that practitioners should not assume that their patients share their perceptions. Given that each patient-practitioner encounter is unique, it may be prudent for chiropractors to actively ascertain the patient's opinions. A patient's perception of his or her responsibility for "getting well" should be harnessed in developing management plans with high compliance.

Chiropractic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the personal risk of perceived disease: the chiropractic patients' self-care endeavor.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that clinicians should be looking at new ways to enhance the self-care of their patients. Patient education is one strategy that primary providers may use. This study investigates the behavior of chiropractic patients to identify whether they are using widely published community health information messages to reduce their personally perceived risk of various diseases. METHODS: An exploratory study of chiropractic patients was undertaken to investigate the health-relevant behaviors of patients. Purposive sampling of 9 Australian chiropractic clinics was undertaken. Convenience sampling of patients attending these clinics resulted in the participation of 102 patients. All participants completed a questionnaire, and data were collected and collated into a series of case studies that described some behaviors of participants that might have influenced their risk of acquiring disease. The study was limited to diseases for which participants believed they were at risk. RESULTS: A substantial number of participants had undergone a screening procedure as recommended by health authorities. The 67 participants who believed they were at risk for one or more of the conditions listed were more likely to have complied. In addition, all participants made certain healthy lifestyle choices. However, implementation of those lifestyle choices that would reduce the personal risk of perceived diseases was sporadic. CONCLUSION: The behavior of participants in this study suggests that many chiropractic patients would benefit from additional personalized health information messages. The use of information brochures in chiropractic clinics may not alone lead to a lifestyle change.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chiropractic adjustment in the management of visceral conditions: a critical appraisal.

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether Australian chiropractors regard spinal adjustment as an intervention option for patients presenting with visceral conditions and to ascertain the preferred level of adjustment for patients presenting with migraine, asthma, hypertension or dysmenorrhea. DESIGN AND SETTING: A survey of all chiropractors registered in Australia. OUTCOME MEASURE: Practitioners' opinions regarding the usefulness of spinal adjustment in the management of patients with visceral conditions were canvassed. Based upon their personal clinical experience, practitioners were requested to comment on the appropriate level of adjustment in the management of various visceral conditions. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the 1311 chiropractors registered in Australia responded to the survey. More than half of the respondents favored a role for spinal adjustment in the management of patients with visceral conditions. The perceived usefulness of spinal adjustment varied according to the condition being managed, as did the preferred level of adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Chiropractors continue to use spinal adjustment in the management of visceral conditions despite this intervention being regarded as an obstacle to the recommendation of public finding for chiropractic services in Australia. Further investigation into the validity of the chiropractic management of visceral conditions is recommended.

Asthma↗