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Biomedical subjects

J R Held

Publications and source records attributed to J R Held.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Organization of veterinary public health in the United States of America and Canada.

Veterinarians in the United States of America and Canada are involved in a variety of activities which contribute to improving human health and well-being. Some of these activities can be considered as a part of veterinary public health (VPH), including: zoonoses control, food safety, environmental protection, comparative medicine, disaster medicine and animal welfare. Both countries have federal systems, and their VPH activities are dependent on close interaction between health and agricultural agencies at the national, state or provincial, and local levels. In addition to governmental agencies, other entities such as academic institutions and various professional associations are also important contributors to VPH activities in the two countries.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1989

Probability of introducing diseases because of false negative test results.

The use of diagnostic tests for the selection of healthy individual persons or animals for inclusion in certain groups carries with it an inherent risk of including those with infections because they falsely reacted negatively. The factors of sensitivity of the test, prevalence of the disease, and the size of the group all influence the degree of such risk. The probability of including an infected individual person or animal can be calculated combining conditional probability and the binomial distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primate research resources in the Soviet Union.

The authors visited Soviet medical institutions as part of a USA-USSR Professional Exchange Program sponsored by the Fogarty International Center. The primary purpose of this visit was to obtain a general view of the Soviet use and care of laboratory animals in biomedical research and to lay a foundation for a continuing exchange of information and models.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1981

Requirements for laboratory animals in health programmes.

Laboratory animals are essential for the successful execution of many health programmes. A wide variety of animal models is used in the worldwide efforts to improve the control of various diseases, and in the basic research needed to improve health care. Biomedical programmes require specially-bred animals reared under controlled conditions, with close attention given to such factors as physical environment, nutrition, microbiological status, and genetic background. The need for a regular supply of appropriate animals has led to the development of a field of study known as laboratory animal science, and a speciality within veterinary medicine known as laboratory animal medicine. The importance of laboratory animals is recognized by the World Health Organization, which, in cooperation with other organizations, provides training, technical information, and consultative support in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Responsibilities of the investigator in the utilization of laboratory animals.

Man's utilization of animals for any purpose is a privilege which carries with it a series of responsiblities. In the case of research animals, these fall into three broad categories: 1) technical, 2) ethical, and 3) legal. The technical include factors such as selecting the proper animal, providing the proper environment and care, and designing experiments to use as few animals as possible while maintaining scientific validity. Ethical considerations stem from an inherent respect and reverence for life which anyone utilization animals should have. This carries with it a responsibility to assure proper care and humane treatment. Some legal requirements have resulted from the ethical considerations. While these vary considerably, nearly all countries have some laws related to this subject.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Evaluation of the corneal test as a laboratory method for rabies diagnosis.

The corneal test (CT) for rabies diagnosis was evaluated in samples from 313 subjects of different species. Some of the subjects were inoculated experimentally and others were naturally infected. When the CT was compared with immunofluorescence staining and mouse inoculation tests on brains of the same subjects, a sensitivity of 41.7% and a specificity of 100% were found. The authors conclude that a positive CT result would confirm the diagnosis of rabies, but a negative one would not exclude the possibility of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Neurological disease in man following administration of suckling mouse brain antirabies vaccine.

In Latin America, suckling mouse brain (SMB) vaccine has become the most commonly used vaccine for immunization of both man and animals against rabies. This vaccine is highly immunogenic, is relatively economical and easy to produce, and is believed to be free of the immunoencephalitogenic factor. From 1964 to the end of 1969, there were 40 reported cases of neurological disease following administration of SMB vaccine, 32 of which met the criteria for inclusion in this report. These 32 cases occurred in 8 different countries. In contrast to neurological disease following the administration of other types of nervous tissue vaccine, the majority of the cases following vaccination with SMB vaccine had a Guillain-Barré-type syndrome with peripheral nervous system involvement and a higher case-fatality rate. The causative agent has not been demonstrated. Modifications in the production and handling of the vaccine may be producing changes that are responsible.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Primate malaria.

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Animal Diseases↗