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Biomedical subjects

J R Ganchrow

Publications and source records attributed to J R Ganchrow.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Number and distribution of taste buds in the oral cavity of hatchling chicks.

The location and number of taste buds were mapped in palatal epithelia of one-day old chicks and bud widths measured. Bud counts additionally were recorded for the tongue, and floor of the lower beak. An average of 316 taste buds was observed in the oral cavity of which 69%, 29% and 2% were distributed across oral epithelium in the upper beak (palate), lower beak and posteroventrolateral region of the anterior tongue, respectively. In each oral region, salivary gland ducts lying adjacent as well as gland ductules penetrating through the buds were prevalent. This relation may provide the bio-fluid milieu for receptor stimulation during feeding. Widths of palatal buds were bimodally distributed, peaking at diameters between 40-49 and 60-69 microns. The taste bud-rich oral epithelium in these one-day old chicks is consonant with their precocial nature. The topographic distribution of taste buds appears to be in register with those regions of epithelium contacted by food which is transported anteroposteriorly through the oral cavity by the chicken's prehensile tongue.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Influence of intake of sweet solutions on the analgesic effect of a low dose of morphine in randomly bred rats.

The time course for the development of morphine tolerance, following prolonged sweet intake, was examined in randomly bred Sabra rats. Exposure to 3% glucose in 6 mM saccharin solution increased drinking by about three times as compared to rats supplied only with water. Suppression of the analgesic effect of morphine was already detectable after 24 h of intake and became progressively more marked within the next 5 weeks. These results support an active interaction between sweet consumption and endogenous opioids in randomly bred rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Saccharin preferences in prepubertal male and female rats: relationship to self-stimulation.

Saccharin preferences were studied in 48 male and female prepubertal rats (22-23 days old at the beginning of the experiment) of four genetic lines (LC1-low, LC1-high, LC2-low, and LC2-high) which differed in their inherent tendencies to self-stimulate. Sodium saccharin solutions of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mM concentrations were used against water in two-bottle tests. It was found that (a) prepubertal rats prefer saccharin solutions to water, with the range of favored concentrations similar to that of adults; (b) male and female prepubertal rats do not differ as to saccharin preferences; (c) within the LC2 population, animals of the genetically high self-stimulating line prefer saccharin more than do their LC2-low counterparts; no such differentiation of the LC1 high and low lines was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A multidisciplinary approach to the expression of pain in psychic depression.

The expression of cold pressor pain was measured by recording simultaneously verbal magnitude estimates, heart rates, and facial displays of 16 recently hospitalized depressed patients, and 16 nondepressed adults. Independence of the two groups for the depression factor was verified using the Hamilton Scale for Depression and the 100-mm line self-rating scale. Verbal responses and amount of time the ice bath was tolerated, as well as heart-rate measures, indicated that depressed individuals were significantly more sensitive to the pain stimulus. However, this elevated intolerance to pain was not reflected by marked changes of facial display. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Nondepressed subjects, although clearly able to verbalize intensity of pain, were much less reactive to the pain along all dimensions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taste cell function. Structural and biochemical implications.

Maintenance of constant relations between receptor cell types and branching from a single gustatory nerve fiber during normal cell turnover and regeneration requires cell-cell recognition likely mediated by timed expression of molecules at surfaces of taste bud cells, nerve endings, and in extracellular matrix. These processes assure stability of gustatory quality representation during intragemmal remodeling. Coincidentally, features of gemmal cell lifespan, including elongation, differentiation, and migration prior to apoptosis, must also be orchestrated by molecular signals. This article reviews the potential roles played by a variety of molecular markers for some relevant classes of proteins, peptides, and enzymes, which were presumed to be important for carrying out these gustatory cellular functions.

Animals↗