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Biomedical subjects

J R Friend

Publications and source records attributed to J R Friend.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Traveling wave excitation in a flexural vibration ring by using a torsional-flexural composite transducer.

This paper presents a new mechanism for traveling wave excitation of the flexural vibration in a ring. A torsional-flexural composite transducer was used to excite two degenerate flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other in the ring. The proto-type, composed of a 32-mm diameter composite transducer attached along the outer edge of an 180-mm diameter aluminum annular ring, was designed, constructed, and tested. The ring was designed via finite element analysis to operate using a (0.8) transverse flexural traveling wave, and the motion was confirmed experimentally.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Numerical analysis of the symmetric hybrid transducer ultrasonic motor.

In this paper, operation of a symmetric hybrid transducer ultrasonic motor with output produced by two rotors connected together via a driveshaft is numerically analyzed and compared with the traditional asymmetric hybrid transducer motor design that produces its output from only one rotor. A one-dimensional finite element model for torsional vibration in the stator and a Coulomb friction model for rotor/stator contact associated with the longitudinal vibration of the motor are introduced. The calculation results demonstrate that the symmetric design is capable of performance comparable with the traditional asymmetric design when an optimum static spring force in the rotor/stator contact interface is applied during operation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Some current obstetric and gynaecological problems.

It has never been right to practise obstetrics and gynaecology in a purely mechanistic style. Medical practitioners have always discussed and argued, often driven by their patients, both the ethical framework and the individual circumstantial detail of practice within this specialty. This chapter starts by discussing the place of ethics and minimum core values for practice. Their integration into every doctor-patient relationship must be taught from the earliest training. It is not possible to catalogue every circumstance within the specialty where there are ethical problems to be addressed. Principles are outlined and many examples within the context of routine general specialty practice including aspects of pregnancy and fertility control are considered.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1986

A multi-facetted approach to externship evaluation.

The University of Toledo College of Pharmacy has developed a multi-facetted and dynamic system for evaluation of its Externship Program. The initial data base consisted of evaluation responses for individual externs, externship sites, and the performance records for the externship class of 1982 (N = 60/81). A list of behavioral objectives (competency statements) was constructed especially for institutional (hospital) pharmacies. A unique pre- and post-evaluation concept was developed as a control at each site. Externs were grouped by academic factors, work experience, and career plans. Each site was grouped by previous experience in training externs, the type of setting, and the intensity of service. This study discusses, summarizes, and makes recommendations from the results obtained through four distinct approaches.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1986

The development of externship objectives for a long term care independent consultant rotation.

In order to accommodate the ever increasing diversity and specialization of the practice of pharmacy, the University of Toledo College of Pharmacy (UTCP) Externship program has for over the past five years offered specialized externship experiences to selected students. UTCP has made a commitment to develop specific specialized objectives for each of the unique rotational experiences it offers. One specific area that met with a great deal of success over the past four years has been the experiences within the ever expanding long term care pharmacy environment. During the Winter Quarter of 1985, an opportunity to offer an externship experience with an independent consultant in the long term care field arose. The development of the specific objectives and the experiences that resulted from this externship rotation are described.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1971

Termination of pregnancy with intra-amniotic hypertonic saline.

Successful therapeutic abortion was performed consecutively by an intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline in 102 out of 110 patients in whom the size of the uterus corresponded with a pregnancy of 16 weeks or more.A spontaneous abortion of the fetus followed the injection alone in 92 of the cases, and the overall injection-delivery interval was 39.75 (range 11-98) hours. In 10 women intravenous oxytocin injection was used as an additional uterine stimulant because contractions were not established after 48 hours. Complete spontaneous expulsion of the placenta occurred in 71 cases, and evacuation of the placenta under general anaesthesia was required in the other 31.No major complication occurred among the 110 patients.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced cytochrome P450 IA1 activity of self-assembled rat hepatocyte spheroids.

Primary rat hepatocytes can self-assemble to form multicellular spheroids when plated onto Primaria petri dishes. Spheroids have been observed to exhibit enhanced liver-specific functions and differentiated ultrastructure compared to monolayer cultures on dry collagen. With confocal scanning laser microscopy, CYP1A1 activity was evaluated in situ by detecting resorufin. This highly fluorescent molecule is the P450-mediated product of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (EROD). Significantly higher P450 activity was observed in spheroids compared to monolayers on collagen upon induction with 50 microM beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), a CYP1A inducer. This was confirmed by measuring microsomal EROD activity. The distribution of CYP1A1 activity within spheroids was heterogeneous, with higher activity localized to the hepatocytes in the interior. During the process of spheroid formation, cells were initially seen to attach and spread out as a monolayer. This stage was associated with relatively low CYP1A1 activity. As cells formed multicellular structures and aggregated into spheroids, the level of CYP1A1 activity increased over time. At least a fivefold higher fluorescence intensity was observed in spheroids compared to that of monolayers maintained on collagen. The higher P450 activity within spheroids may be associated with their ability to maintain a greater degree of differentiation compared to monolayers. These studies demonstrate the potential of hepatocyte spheroids as a model system for investigating drug metabolism, tissue engineering, and tissue self-assembly.

Animals↗