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Biomedical subjects

J R Davis

Publications and source records attributed to J R Davis.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to amebic abscesses.

A patient presented with fulminant hepatic failure which rapidly led to his death. At postmortem examination, he had several amebic abscesses secondarily infected with bacteria, one of which had ruptured intraperitoneally, and another of which had occluded major hepatic veins of the right lobe of the liver. In addition, pylephlebitis and occlusion of several right portal venous radicles were noted. Microscopic examination of the right lobe revealed marked sinusoidal congestion and large areas of infarction with severe panlobular necrosis. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to complications of amebic abscess has been reported infrequently but should be considered in patients with this presentation who have visited or inhabited areas endemic for amebiasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Developmental changes in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and blood reticulocyte percent in the developing rat. A brief note.

A correlation between blood reticulocyte percent and the activity of erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the developing rat has been established during the progression from a state of macrocytic hypochromic anemia at birth to a normocytic normochromic state at puberty, and finally to a state just prior to adulthood at which the reticulocyte percent had stabilized. Both reticulocyte percent and erythrocytic ALAD activity was found to decrease with age, rapidly at first until a normocytic normochromic state was reached at puberty and then more slowly until just before adulthood when both plateaued. A direct, linear correlation between erythrocytic ALAD activity and blood reticulocyte percent was found with a P value of less than 0.001. These findings should be carefully considered when using the rat as a model for lead poisoning and possibly for other disorders of heme biosynthesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Age-related differences in the response of the isolated testicular capsule of the rat to norepinephrine, acetylcholine and prostaglandins.

The contractile response of the isolated testicular capsule to acetylcholine, norepinephrine and prostaglandins (A-2, E-1 and F-2alpha) was related to the age of the rat. Norepinephrine and PGA-2 caused an increased capsular response between 45 and 60 days of age, the time at which spermiogenesis begins. It is suggested that the activity of the testicular capsule is involved in the transport of non-motile spermatozoa from the testis and into the epididymis.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

Retinoblastoma in a patient with a 13qXp translocation.

An infant girl with failure to thrive and bilateral retinoblastoma had a translocation of the long arm of chromosome 13 to the short arm of the X chromosome, and possible loss of a portion of the q 14 band. The lack of other major organ malformations in this patient emphasized the importance of considering chromosomal aberrations as a possible etiology of retinoblastoma in patients with nonspecific psychomotor retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lymphangiomas involving the ovary. Report of a case and review of the literature.

Lymphangioma involving the ovary is an extremely rare tumor. There are only 8 cases documented in the literature. This report describes a case of peritoneal lymphangiomatosis which presented as an apparent ovarian tumor and rapidly recurred and spread into adjacent and distant peritoneal organs following oophorectomy. We will comment on its complete response to irradiation treatment and review the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. I. Use of the intradermal skin and footpad swelling tests as assays of active and passive sensitization.

Mice were sensitized to Coccidioides immitis and Candida albicans antigens and tested for sensitivity by the intradermal and footpad swelling methods. In mice actively sensitized with killed antigen, antigen-specific intradermal and footpad induration responses occurred 24 and 48 hr after sensitization. Antigen-specific intradermal and footpad responses were transferred to normal mice with spleen cells from immune animals. Such responses were also transferred with normal spleen cells that had been incubated in vitro with immune RNA preparations. Histologic studies of intradermal reactions showed a mixed response of neutrophilic and mononuclear leukocytes, with slight vascular involvement compatible with delayed hypersensitivity. No intradermal or footpad responses were observed 4, 24, or 48 hr after injection in recipients of serum from actively sensitized mice. Histologic examination of skin sites in these mice revealed only a polymorphonuclear response. It is concluded that these intradermal and footpad responses are the result of delayed hypersensitivity and can be used as assays for this type of immunity in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral observations before, during, and after brief isolation (time-out).

Four adult, chronic psychotic inpatients were observed before, during and after the contingent application of time-out. Time-out was a part of their individual treatment programs, and consisted of placement in a furnitureless room for 15 minutes. Observations were made of 16 behaviors grouped into seven categories; these categories included both consequated and nonconsequated behaviors. Observation sessions lasted for 15 minutes with interval recording of each behavior for the first 10 seconds of every 30-second block. Results for each subject were analyzed by means of three-way factorial ANOVAs, and indicated the following: a) three subjects exhibited significant differences in response frequency before, during, and after time-out that were consistent across all instances of their being placed in time-out; b) the particular behaviors that reliably varied with the observation conditions for one subject were not the same as those which reliably varied for another subject; c) two subjects significantly increased the frequency of their consequated responses during time-out in spite of the fact that time-out was effective as measured by a significantly lower emission rate after time-out compared to before time-out.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

X-short arm deletion gonadal dysgenesis in two siblings due to unique translocation (Xp-;16p+).

A family demonstrating short arm deletion of the X chromosome as a consequence of X-16 balanced translocation in the mother is reported. The two Xp- sisters exhibit clinical signs of gonadal dysgenesis, while the balanced carriers are phenotypically normal. To our knowledge this represents the only example of both the balanced carrier state for an X translocation and its genetic consequence occurring in the offspring, as well as the involvement of X-16 interchange. Literature data of 37 additional cases of verified X translocations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

It's the staff that keeps the patients talking.

This article is a critical look at the ingredients necessary to encourage chronic psychiatric patients to speak in a group setting. This study suggests that those chronically hospitalized patients with little speech can be encouraged to increase their verbalizations. Staff presence was the critical factor in the increase of patient speech. The opportunity to gain unusual privileges did not substantially increase the patient speech. In essence, this study indicates that as the amount of conversation from the nursing staff increases, a corresponding increase in patient verbalization occurs.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Cellular immunodeficiency in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

By using in vitro methods of patients with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) was shown to have depressed lymphocyte function when compared with a control group. IgE levels of the AED group were elevated above those of a control group at the p=0.01 level of significance. In vivo methods utilizing the application of DNCB demonstrated, in addition, decreased delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the anhidrotic patients. Thus there appears to be some degree of cellular immune hypofunction in patients with AED, all of whom have demonstrated at some time a lichenified dermatitis clinically indistinguishable from atopic dermatitis.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1975

Comparative responses of the isolated human testicular capsule to autonomic drugs.

The testicular capsule of the human has been prepared for the first time as an isolated tissue suitable for pharmacological investigation. Cholinergic and adrenergic agents caused a contraction of the isolated testicular capsule. In addition, periodic spontaneous contractions of the isolated testicular capsule had been observed in the absence of any added pharmacological agents. The present experiments have demonstrated that the testicular capsule contains smooth muscle, thereby offering a reasonable anatomical explanation for spontaneous and drug-induced contractions of the testicular capsule. Therefore, it appears likely that the rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the testicular capsule provide a pumping action capable of explaining the transport of non-motile sperm out of the testes into the epididymis where they can attain their motility.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix.

A greater than expected incidence of adenocaricinoma of the uterine cervix is reported. Among 41 cases of cervical carcinoma, 14 (34%) were adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic data for these cases are summarized. Eleven of the 14 cases were pure adenocarcinomas; 3 were mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. The value of cytopathology is demonstrated in the 7 of 9 pretreatment cervical cytologies whereby adenocarcinoma was indicated (an accuracy rate of 78%). The other 2 revealed abnormal cells in which malignancy was a possibility. Three cases clinically were initially considered endometrial adenocarcinoma, but by our classification criteria, including Alcian blue staining for cervical mucin content of acid mucopolysaccharide, they were more specifically identified as primary endocervical in origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗