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Biomedical subjects

J R Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J R Cooper.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Chronic Leigh Disease: a genetic and biochemical study.

The large family of a 21-year-old man who died of Leigh disease was investigated for evidence of neurological abnormalities and presence of the adenosine triphosphate-thiamine diphosphate phosphoryltransferase inhibitor factor. Of 217 persons (seven generations) included in the pedigree, 68 were examined neurologically and biochemically. Fourteen (20%), 5 of whom had abnormal neurological findings, were found to excrete the inhibitor factor. Clinical manifestations varied from severe neurological affliction to subtle deficits. A chronic relapsing course was frequently encountered, with exacerbations occurring in association with apparent metabolic stress. Parental consanguinity was identified in the propositus as well as in other family members with neurological abnormalities. Males and females were affected, and no vertical transmission of the trait was found. These multigenerational data suggest that Leigh disease in adults is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and has variable degrees of expression with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The reactions of l nm particles of plutonium-238 dioxide and curium-244 dioxide with lung fluid.

The reactions of 1 nm particles of plutonium-238 dioxide and curium-244 dioxide with rat lung fluid have been studied both in vitro and in vivo. The plutonium-238 particles are positively charged and combine by electrostatic attraction with the negative pulmonary surfactant which mediates the transfer of radioactivity to the blood. In contrast the curium-244 particles are negative and are assumed to diffuse passively through the alveolar walls. The results emphasise that electrostatic charge is an important factor governing the reaction of 1 nm actinide oxide particles with macromolecules.

Actinoid Series Elements↗
PubMed1979

The role of thiamine in nervous tissue.

The possibility that thiamine (vitamin B1) has a role in nervous tissue that is independent of its well-documented coenzyme function is discussed. After reviewing the localization and metabolism of the vitamin and its phosphate esters, the effects of either thiamine deprivation or antimetabolites of thiamine on conduction and transmission, and the relationship between thiamine triphosphate and the genetic, neurological disease, subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease), it is suggested that despite the lack of hard evidence, it is likely that the vitamin possesses this alternate function.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The mobility of curium-244 dioxide in the bronchially intubated rat.

The mobility of curium dioxide in the rat after pulmonary intubation has been investigated by administering suspensions containing different particle size ranges of the oxide. A major factor influencing the movement of curium from lungs to blood is the formation of hydroxide or hydrous oxide particles about 0.001 micrometer in diameter. This process is sufficiently rapid for the lung clearance kinetics of the dioxide to resemble those of a soluble compound more closely than those of an insoluble one. Filtration of 0.001 micrometer particles through the kidneys results in considerably enhanced excretion of curium relative to administered curium citrate. It is concluded that current metabolic models, which assume that solubility in the lung is a prerequisite for transport in body fluids, do not adequately describe the behaviour of curium fromthe standpoint of radiological protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The reactions of 1.0 nanometre diameter plutonium-238 dioxide particles with rat lung fluid.

The reactions of 1.0 nm particles of plutonium-238 dioxide with rat lung fluid have been studied both in vivo and in vitro. In both cases two products have been identified, (i) plutonium-labelled pulmonary surfactant and (ii) a heterogeneous plutonium-labelled material isolated by column chromatography. The formation of plutonium-labelled pulmonary surfactant results in the rapid translocation of plutonium from lungs to blood and in a high urinary excretion relative to administered plutonium citrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Urine test in SNE.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Encephalomyelitis↗
PubMed1979

Control of radiation-induced emesis with promethazine, cimetidine, thiethylperazine, or naloxone.

Promethazine (2 mg/kg), cimetidine (4 mg/kg), thiethylperazine (0.86 mg/kg), and naloxone (0.08 mg/kg) were each evaluated for their ability to increase the threshold of radiation-induced emesis in the dog. Each dog was fed a can of dog food (ca 0.4 kg) and then injected IM with the appropriate drug 1 hour before being irradiated by a 60Co teletherapy unit. The total radiation dose given an individual dog was determined by an up-and-down exposure schedule. Dogs were then observed continuously for 10 hours while the number, time of onset, and duration of each emetic episode were monitored. The dose of radiation causing emesis in 50% (ED50 +/- SEM) of control dogs was 170 +/- 38.5 rad. The ED50 +/- SEM was increased to 402 +/- 18.6 rad by promethazine, to 331 +/- 27.3 rad by cimetidine, and to 320 +/- 38.5 rad by thiethylperazine. This increased tolerance was significant at P less than 0.05 for each drug. The ED50 for naloxone was 262.5 +/- 92.9 rad, which was not a statistically significant increase in threshold.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The composition and biosynthesis of the glycoproteins and glycolipids of the rabbit small-intestinal brush border.

1. The glycoprotein and glycolipid composition of isolated rabbit small-intestinal brush borders has been studied. 2. The total glycoprotein fraction contains an average 95 microgram carbohydrate per mg protein, composed of mannose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. Glucose is also present but sialic acid is absent. 3. The isolated glycolipids include ceramide lactoside, ceramide trihexoside and two N-acetylglucosamine-containing glycolipids. Sialic acid containing glycolipid (gangliosides) is present only in trace quantities. 4. The biosynthesis of the brush border-bound glycoproteins and glycolipids has been studied following intraperitoneal injection with D-[1-14C]glucosamine and isolation of the brush borders at intervals between 3 and 24 h. 5. The total glycoprotein fraction labels maximally 7.5 h after injection and subsequently exhibits an exponential loss of radioactivity with a half-life of 11.2 h. The labelling kinetics of one of the glucosamine-containing glycolipids is similar to that of the glycoproteins in that it labels maximally between 7.5 and 12 h, but the second glucosamine-containing glycolipid labels later at approximately 18 h. These results indicate that the glycoproteins and glycolipids are actively synthesized and degraded within the mature small intestinal enterocyte and that individual glycolipids turn over independently.

Animals↗