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Biomedical subjects

J R Batchelor

Publications and source records attributed to J R Batchelor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Histocompatibility antigens as markers of abnormal iron metabolism in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and their relatives.

HLA-A3 was significantly more common in 35 unrelated patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis (69%) than in 95 controls (31%). Further studies in two families suggest that 2 genes are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, each associated with a separate metabolic defect. Whereas minor abnormalities, namely raised serum-iron and some increase in storage iron, were found in relatives with an HLA A11, B27, CW2 haplotype, those with the A3, B14, CW5 haplotype had no detectable abnormalities. When both these haplotypes were found together, as in the propositus and one sibling in the first family investigated, all the signs of the fully developed disease were apparent. It is suggested that one of the genes is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A3 and could be responsible for a kinetic abnormality, possibly increased plasma to storage iron exchange. The other gene, also carried on the sixth chromosome and, in the first family, marked by the HLA A11, B27, CW2 haplotype might result in an increased absorption of dietary iron. The concomitant inheritance of these two genes and the metabolic defects they determine are required for the full development of the disease

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The immune response to allogeneic rat platelets; Ag-B antigens in matrix form lacking Ia.

Allogeneic rat platelets fail to induce either primary antibody or cell-mediated immune responses despite repeated injections. Platelets bear Ag-B epitopes which are capable of being recognized by antigen-reactive T and B cells since primed rats develop secondary responses after challenge with allogeneic platelets. The secondary responses induced decrease rather than increase on repeated injection of platelets. Repeated injection of allogeneic platelets into nonprimed rats leads to a state of specific, partial non-reactivity; recipients given such treatment show marked depression of cytotoxic antibody responses, but normal cellular immunity after challenge with viable lymphoid cells taken from the platelet-donor strain. Injection of normal rats with allogeneic platelets mixed with 3rd party, viable lymphoid cells, does not provoke an anti-platelet Ag-B antibody response.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

B-lymphocyte alloantigens associated with multiple sclerosis.

6 B-lymphocyte alloantigens have been provisionally identified with lymphocytotoxic antisera reacting, after absorption, specifically with B but not T cells. 3 of these antigens appear to form part of an allelic series. The frequency of HLA and B-lymphocyte antigens was then studied in 59 patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.). 1 of the B-cell antigens, BT 101, was found in 49 out of 59 patients (83%), compared with 10 out of 30 normal individuals (33%), giving a relative risk of 9-8 times to the association. 2 other B-cell alloantigens and HLA-B7 showed lesser but significant positive associations with M.S. Apart from providing possible clues to the pathogenesis of M.S., the association between BT 101 and M.S. may allow screening for susceptible individuals who are thought to be at special risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Histocompatibility antigens, autoantibodies, and immunoglobulins in alcoholic liver disease.

Determination of histocompatibility antigens in 63 patients with alcoholic liver disease showed that HLA-B8 was more prevalent in patients with cirrhosis than in controls, but among those with fatty liver and minimal fibrosis the prevalence of this antigen was normal. Another noticeable difference was the absence of HLAA28 in the cirrhotic group. In the total series of 219 patients the prevalence of antinuclear and smooth muscle antibodies was raised; they were especially prevalent in patients with cirrhosis. Raised serum IgA and IgG concentrations were also common (found in 50% and 37% respectively) and were again significantly associated with cirrhosis. In contrast, serum IgM levels, which were raised in 46% of cases, were not significantly related to the presence of cirrhosis but correlated significantly with the degree of portacaval shunting. These results support recent evidence suggesting that immune responses may be implicated in alcohol-induced liver damage, particularly in its progression to cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Transformation of lymphocytes from patients awaiting cadaver renal transplants.

The response of lymphocytes from prospective kidney transplant recipients to inactivated donor lymphocytes (one-way mixed-lymphocyte reaction (M.L.R.)) and to phytohaemagglutinin (P.H.A. response) was measured before transplantation of cadaver kidney allografts in 78 and 75 cases respectively. M.L.R. results from patients whose grafts had failed within 3 or 6 months compared with M.L.R. results from patients whose grafts continued to function at the same times showed only slight differences irrespective of whether the data was expressed as a relative response or a mitotic index. Because of the large overlap in values, it was concluded that the M.L.R. test was of limited value in predicting graft prognosis. Pretransplantation P.H.A. responses from patients whose grafts failed within 3 or 6 months were significantly different from those shown by patients whose grafts remained functioning at those times. It is suggested that lymphocyte responsiveness to P.H.A. before transplantation may be of value in predicting the fate of renal allografts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Enhanced antibody responses in active chronic hepatitis: relation to HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 and porto-systemic shunting.

Titres of antibodies to rubella, measles, smooth muscle, nuclei, and Escherichia coli were examined in relation to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens in 57 patients with active chronic hepatitis, 8 of whom were HBsAg positive. With the exception of antibodies to E. Coli, the HBsAg-negative patients with HLA-B8 or HLA-B12 had higher titres than those with neither, and antibody titres were highest in the 7 cases with both these histocompatibility antigens. In contrast, E. coli antibody titres were not related to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens but correlated closely with the degree of portosystemic shunting. None of the HBsAg-positive patients possessed HLA-B8, and titres of all the antibodies were significantly lower than in the HBsAg-negative cases. The increased antibody response in HBsAg-negative patients is likely to be due to a genetically determined increase in immunological responsiveness for which HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 are markers. The results obtained in healthy family members also suggest that this defect in immunoregulation is under polygenic control.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

HLA matching and corneal grafting.

A series of 200 cases of full-thickness corneal allografts have been followed to determine whether HLA and ABO incompatibility influence prognosis of the grafts. 85% of patients with avascular corneas had clear, functioning grafts one year after transplantation. Only 33% of patients with severely vascularised corneas had successful grafts one year after transplantation. A significant association was found between severe vascularisation of the patient's cornea and irreversible graft rejection. In this group of patients, the proportion of grafts functioning was found to be ranked according to the number of HLA antigens shared by graft donor and recipient. Patients receiving grafts matching for 2 HLA antigens showed a failure-rate due to irreversible rejection of 26% at one year, in comparison with 57% and 62% of grafts matching for 1 or 0 HLA antigens respectively. ABO incompatibility or ABO phenotype of the recipient did not influence graft prognosis. The results indicate that patients with severely vascularised corneas should receive HLA-matched corneal grafts. The institution of HLA-typed cornea "banks" for treatment of such patients is advocated.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged survival of rat leg allografts due to immunological enhancement.

Attempts were made to induce a prolonged survival of leg allografts in rats by means of immunological enhancement. AS rats injected with AS anti-August antiserum accepted (AS X August)F1 kidney allografts for longer than 50 days, but rejected F1 leg allografts within 12-16 days. However, AS rats bearing established, enhanced (AS X August)F1 kidneys accepted F1 leg allografts for periods of 21-207 days. The possibility is discussed that composite tissue allografts can manifest prolonged survival provided that their recipients have passed through the "induction phase" of enhancement and reached the "steady-state" or maintenance phase.

Animals↗