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Biomedical subjects

J R Asarnow

Publications and source records attributed to J R Asarnow.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Depression in child psychiatric inpatients: cognitive and attributional patterns.

Cognitive and learned helplessness models of depression view maladaptive cognitive and attributional patterns as core features of depressive disorders. This study examined cognitive and attributional patterns in depressed children, nondepressed children, and a subgroup of remitting depressives who had histories of depression but were not reporting depressive symptoms when evaluated during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization. When compared with nondepressed controls, depressed children reported significantly more hopelessness, more negative self-perceptions, and negative self-perceptions across a wider variety of domains, and they displayed more dysfunctional attributional styles. While 55% of depressed children displayed pervasive maladaptive cognitive patterns, the other 45% of depressed children scored more similarly to nondepressed children, suggesting that childhood depressive disorders may be heterogeneous with respect to cognitive patterns. Contrary to the notion of traitlike depressive cognitive and attributional patterns that persist after the remission of depressive episodes, children with remitting depressions scored similarly to nondepressed children.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Peer status and social competence in child psychiatric inpatients: a comparison of children with depressive, externalizing, and concurrent depressive and externalizing disorders.

Social competence, peer status, and clinical symptomatology were evaluated in 54 child psychiatric inpatients. Aims were (a) to evaluate whether social competence deficits and peer rejection within an inpatient setting were associated with particular childhood disorders, and (b) to identify predictors of peer status in emerging groups of child inpatients. Results indicated that children with externalizing disorders (conduct or attention deficit disorders) and children with concurrent depressive and externalizing disorders were the most rejected, least liked, and least socially competent children. Depressed children without externalizing disorders had the highest scores on the social status and competence measures. Predictors of peer rejection and acceptance in the hospital differed, with measures of symptomatology predicting peer rejection, and measures of social and intellectual competence predicting peer acceptance. Implications of the results for understanding the role of peer adjustment and social competence in developmental psychopathology were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Children at risk for schizophrenia: converging lines of evidence.

This article summarizes major findings from the risk-for-schizophrenia literature. On the basis of a review of the results of 24 high-risk studies, common themes in the risk-for-schizophrenia literature are discussed. It is concluded that there are a number of cross-study findings documenting child and family attributes associated with increased risk for schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Children with schizophrenia spectrum and depressive disorders: a comparative study of premorbid adjustment, onset pattern and severity of impairment.

Premorbid adjustment, onset patterns, and severity of impairment were examined in 66 child psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, major depression, and dysthymic disorder. When compared to children with depressive disorders, schizophrenic and schizotypal children showed poorer premorbid adjustments, lower IQs, greater impairment at hospitalization, and more chronic dysfunctions. Similar developmental patterns were found for children with schizophrenic and schizotypal disorders, and for children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. The findings underscore the severe impairment in social adaptation shown by schizophrenic and schizotypal children and the relatively good premorbid adjustments of most depressed children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Parental communication deviance in childhood onset schizophrenia spectrum and depressive disorders.

Rates of parental communication deviance (CD) were compared in children with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder and in contrast groups of children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. Results indicated significantly higher rates of CD in parents of schizophrenic and schizotypal children than in parents of children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. Schizophrenic and schizotypal children from high CD families showed the most severe impairments and the poorest attentional functioning. However, the small number of schizophrenic and schizotypal children with low CD parents underscored the strong association between schizophrenia spectrum disorders, parental CD and psychosocial and attentional impairment in the child.

Attention↗
PubMed1988

Suicide attempts in preadolescent child psychiatry inpatients.

This paper describes a preliminary study examining the relative power of measures of perceived family support, hopelessness, and depression for the classification of suicide attempters and nonattempters in a series of 8- to 13-year-old psychiatric inpatients. Results of a stepwise discriminant-function analysis indicated that a measure of a child's perceived family support discriminated between suicide attempters and nonattempters with an 88% accuracy rate. The addition of measures of hopelessness and depression at later steps did not lead to improved classification. The results are interpreted as providing strong support for a link between suicide attempts in children and perceptions of low family support.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Family interaction and the course of adolescent psychopathology: an analysis of adolescent and parent effects.

This study focused on evaluating the utility of three family measures for predicting outcome in a sample of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents: (a) the affective quality of the adolescents' voice tone when communicating with his/her parents; (b) the predominant affective quality of the parents' voice tones when communicating with the adolescent, and (c) the affective quality of the content of the parents' verbalizations to the adolescent. These measures were derived from 5-minute face-to-face discussions between parents and their disturbed adolescent. Results indicated that adolescents using positive or neutral voice tones during emotionally laden discussions with their parents tended to show relatively adequate levels of psychosocial adjustment as young adults, while adolescents using exclusively negative voice tones tended to show sufficient adjustment difficulties in early adulthood to warrant diagnoses within the extended schizophrenia spectrum. Although adolescent voice tone was associated with outcome, considering both adolescent and parent affective response led to improved prediction, with consideration of adolescent and parent variables leading to accurate prediction of outcome for 30 of the 33 sample cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood-onset depressive disorders. A follow-up study of rates of rehospitalization and out-of-home placement among child psychiatric inpatients.

This report describes preliminary outcome data for a sample of child psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses of major depression and/or dysthymic disorder at the time of their hospitalizations. Depressed children were compared with a contrast group of children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results (based on semi-structured telephone interviews) indicate high rates of rehospitalization among our depressed cohort. Depressed children had rehospitalization rates of 35% and 45% respectively in the first and second years after discharge. Out-of-home placement was rarer in the depressed group, and significantly less likely than for children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, 15% of the depressed cohort were placed out of their homes within the first year of discharge. There were no differences between children with major depressive and dysthymic disorders on these outcome variables, underscoring the serious long-term correlates of childhood dysthymic as well as major depressive disorders.

Antidepressive Agents↗