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Biomedical subjects

J R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J R Anderson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Self-recognition in senile dementia.

Eighteen women with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type were observed in two situations of mirror-image stimulation, which were repeated after a 3-week interval. Six out of six subjects scoring 5 on the Global Deterioration Scale of Reisberg et al. reacted appropriately to an unfamiliar mark on their forehead when they observed it in the mirror, thus showing clear self-recognition. Fifty percent of the subjects at GDS 6 showed such evidence of self-recognition, and no subject at GDS 7 did so. In contrast, whereas 50% of GDS 5 subjects responded to a directly visible mark on the back of the hand, all GDS 6 subjects reacted to this mark. These results suggest that the capacity for self-recognition may start to be compromised by GDS stage 6, and that the eventual failure to show self-recognition in severe senile dementia cannot be dismissed in terms of a simple lack of motivation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Assessing the effect of toxicity on prognosis: methods of analysis and interpretation.

There has recently been an increased interest in and reporting of the association between toxicity and treatment outcome in cancer clinical trials. Such comparisons may be used to suggest mechanisms by which cytotoxic agents function in the cancer patient, especially regarding the importance of the effect of dose on the individual patient. However, analyses of "time-to-failure" outcomes such as survival by toxicity are subject to bias due to the time-dependence of both the predictor and outcome variables. In addition, interpretation of even appropriately conducted statistical analyses is problematic, as with analyses of survival by outcome variables such as response. The use of statistical methodology designed to avoid such biases in these comparisons is shown and the problems in the interpretation of results are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Combination trial of subcutaneous interferon alfa-2b and oral cyclophosphamide in favorable histology, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) respond well to chemotherapy but frequently relapse and progress with conversion to more aggressive histology lymphomas. In a prior Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) trial, oral cyclophosphamide, given as a single agent, was found to be equivalent to a five-drug regimen in remission induction in patients with follicular NHL who had not received prior chemotherapy. Recently, interferon alfa-2b (Intron A; Schering Plough) has been demonstrated to elicit complete or partial responses in up to 50% of patients with nodular NHL who had received prior chemotherapy. In the current CALGB pilot trial, oral cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2 daily) combined with interferon alfa-2b (2 X 10(6) IU/m2 s.c. on alternate days) is being evaluated, both in previously treated and untreated patients with stage III or IV follicular NHL, for toxicity, safety and efficacy in remission induction. A total of 68 patients have been entered into this study. Four patients are ineligible on pathology review, and 60 have on-study data currently available. Forty-one (60%) had not received prior chemotherapy and 19 (32%) had previously received some form of chemotherapy. Leukopenia was found to be the single, most common toxicity experienced by all patients. Previously untreated patients experienced leukopenia of less than 2,000 WBC/microliter at a significantly higher rate (53% versus 14%) than a similar patient population receiving oral cyclophosphamide as a single agent in the prior CALGB trial. Leukopenia was found to be promptly reversible, however, by dose suspension or adjustment, and other toxicities were demonstrated to be mild and tolerable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels relate poorly with the size of a tubal pregnancy.

Ectopic implantation usually begins with relatively normal growth of trophoblast and serum beta-hCG progression. However, the trophoblast eventually erodes into vessels and a variable degree of bleeding and hematoma compromises its growth. The serum beta-hCG level then usually begins to demonstrate some degree of abnormal progression. For our patients, the length of the ectopic pregnancy varied widely, depending mainly on when the individual patient chose to seek medical treatment. Infertility patients followed from the moment of conception would thus be expected to show a better correlation between early beta-hCG levels and the size of the tubal pregnancy. Preconditions for the operative laparoscopic management of a tubal pregnancy usually include that the tube be unruptured, less than 3 cm in diameter, and readily accessible via the laparoscopic approach. Ackerman et al. suggested there was a general correlation between the serum beta-hCG level and tubal rupture, and the present data demonstrate an overall positive correlation between the size of the tubal pregnancy and the serum level. However, the range of levels is so broad for any given size of mass or tubal status that this correlation is not meaningful clinically. A reliable method to determine the size and status of a tubal pregnancy before laparoscopy would be valuable. Unfortunately, we did not find the preoperative serum beta-hCG level to be useful for making this prediction.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1987

Micaceous and keratotic pseudoepitheliomatous balanitis and rapidly fatal fibrosarcoma of the penis occurring in the same patient.

A 55-year-old man had a rare, benign condition of the penis, micaceous and keratotic pseudoepitheliomatous balanitis, for 9 years before developing an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma of the glans. Five months after the appearance of this tumour, the patient died with widespread metastases. The sarcoma was small and superficial and the limited recorded experience suggested that local excision should offer a good prognosis. However, the histology showed poor differentiation and it would seem that this may be the important factor in the management and prognosis of penile sarcoma, as it is in sarcoma at other sites.

Balanitis↗
PubMed1987

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case report.

This case report describes a paraganglioma of the cauda equina in a 63 year old woman. Very few examples of paraganglioma have been recorded in this site. Histologically these neoplasms may have considerable similarity with ependymoma, the most common neoplasm of the lower spinal cord, and the diagnosis can be easily missed unless special techniques are employed. The clinical and pathological data obtained from this and the other reported examples suggests that paragangliomas of the cauda equina are benign, slowly growing neoplasms. In contrast to ependymomas and to paragangliomas elsewhere, they are well circumscribed, amenable to complete resection and have an excellent prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Oligodendroglioma: an analysis of 42 cases.

This paper presents the clinical and pathological data obtained from 42 patients with oligodendroglioma diagnosed over a 20 year period at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. In all cases the diagnosis was established unequivocally by histological examination. The principal conclusions of this study were: (1) the outcome was not as favourable as anticipated, nine patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis, and only 10 patients surviving 5 years, (2) age at the time of diagnosis was the single most important prognostic factor, patients under 45 years at diagnosis having a significantly greater survival time than older patients, (3) two other factors had a significantly adverse effect on prognosis, namely the presence of a focal neurological deficit at the time of diagnosis and the presence of nuclear pleomorphism in the tumour when examined histologically, (4) although cells containing glial fibrillary acidic protein were demonstrated in almost every tumour, their number and distribution did not appear to influence the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute pancreatitis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We report two patients presenting with acute pancreatitis, the aetiology of which was subsequently proven to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Histological confirmation of tumour-associated pancreatitis is essential so that appropriate therapy can be planned.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

A randomized trial of high-dose methotrexate versus standard-dose methotrexate following cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (adriamycin), vincristine, and prednisone with or without bleomycin in the therapy of diffuse large cell lymphoma: preliminary report of Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 7851.

Between 1979 and 1985, 166 patients with diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma were randomized to receive therapy with 3 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine, and prednisone (CAVP), with or without low-dose bleomycin, by continuous iv infusion. Responders were further randomized to 3 weeks of therapy with either high-dose methotrexate (3 g/m2 iv weekly with leukovorin rescue) or low-dose methotrexate (30 mg/m2 orally weekly without rescue). Therapy was concluded with 3 additional courses of CAVP. No significant differences among the 4 treatment programs were observed in complete response rates (ranging from 46% to 51%) or in failure-free survival. Of the 38 relapses that have occurred in patients treated with low-dose methotrexate, 5 included relapse in the central nervous system in conjunction with systemic relapse. However, none of 31 relapses observed in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate have occurred with involvement of the central nervous system. Patients entering this study with "B" symptoms had significantly poorer treatment results than those patients entering study without "B" symptoms.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗