Biomedical subjects

J Qian

Publications and source records attributed to J Qian.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Effect of Sancai injection on red blood cell line in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effective mechanism of Sancai Fensui Dan in mice. METHODS: Sancai injection (SCI) was given to normal or anemia mice and their hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), reticulocyte (Ret) of peripheral blood, mitosis index (MI) of red cells, bone marrow nucleated cell (BMC) were measured. And the cultured hemopoietic progenitor cells of burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) were used to observe the hemopoiesis effect of SCI. RESULTS: SCI could promote the increase of Hb, RBC, Ret, MI and BMC in anemia mice. At the presence of spleen cells or macrophages in peritoneal cavity, it could enhance the proliferation of BFU-E and CFU-E. CONCLUSION: SCI could promote hemopoiesis by activating the hemo-opsonin.

Anemia↗

PubMed1998

[The establishment of TNBS-induced experimental colitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to establish some indices monitoring the activity and severity of IBD. METHODS: A rat model of experimental colitis was induced by administration of the hapten 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg) in 50% ethanol 0.25 ml as the "barrier breaker". And it then recurs only after 10 mg TNBS administration. Inflammation was assessed by gross appearance using a grading scale and by histology. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superioxide dismutase(SOD) activities were also measured to evaluate the severity of inflammation. RESULTS: An acute inflammation with ulcers and neutrophil infiltration developed that evolved into a chronic inflammation with luminol narrowing and abundant fibrous connective tissue hypertrophy at 21 days. Crypt abcess were observed in some rats killed in 1 week. MPO activity was significantly elevated, while SOD decreased, in mucosa from all treated groups at all time intervals when macroscopic and microscopic mucosal injury was evident. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that this model affords an opportunity to study the pathogenesis of colonic inflammatory disease and may be used to evaluate new treatments potentially applicable to IBD in humans. In addition, MPO and SOD activities could be regarded as two markers which may evaluate the severity of colonic inflammation.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Determination of quercetin in changyanning tablets by RP-HPLC].

The quercetin in Changyannning Tablets was determined by reverse phase HPLC on Shim-Pack CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 4.6 mm) with UV detector and methanol-water-phosphoric acid(55:44.6:0.4) as mobile phase (1.0 ml/min). The average recovery relative standard deviation were 99.7% and 1.01% respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1998

[Clinicopathological study on gastrinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastrinoma. METHODS: Twelve cases of gastrinoma found in the recent 30 years in our hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: The results indicated that in addition to the typical symptoms related to gastric acid overproduction, the frequency of certain uncommon features characteristic of the disease was unusually high in our hands i.e., (1) The majority of them (7/12) had serious diarrhea, even resulting in shock. (2) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN) was in 3 out of 12 associated in our series. (3) Multiple nodules in the duodenum (3/12) were found and in two patients were shown to be submucosal gastrinoma confirmed by pathology. (4) Multifocal lesions were found in 9 out of 12 patients, and in 7 cases at least two organs were involved. Most gastrinomas were located in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum. (5) As reported by other authors, multiple hormone secretion was common: in five of six patients the tumor secreted more than two hormones. (6) In some cases, tumors were sensitive to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In our series gastrinoma was found with the feature of multiple lesions and multiple hormone secretion in addition to the typical symptoms related to gastric acid overproduction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[The effect of interleukin-1 beta interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis and evaluation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of colitis and evaluate the therapeutic effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra). METHODS: A rat model of chronic experimental colitis was induced by administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg) in 50% ethanol 0.25 ml. IL-1ra was then administered intravenously with a dosage of 7 mg/kg at different times. Hydrocortisone (3 mg) i.v. administration was served as control. Tissue expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and IL-8 mRNA was then studied by in situ hybridization before and after IL-1ra administration. Histological examination and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities detection were also made to assess the severity of colitis. RESULTS: An acute inflammation with ulcers, neutrophil infiltration and crypt abscess developed that evolved into a chronic inflammation with abundant fibrous connective tissue hypertrophy at 21 days. And it then recurs only after 10 mg TNBS administration. Activities of MPO and SOD correlated with severity of inflammation. Expression of IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in macrophages in lamina propria and submucosa during the whole period of inflammation. It could be also present in epithelial cells in the 3rd day of colitis. While IL-8 mRNA expression appeared at the 3rd day, and disappeared at 21th day when colitis turned into chronic. After IL-1ra administration, the expression of these two interleukins could not be detected, accompanied with alleviation of histological manifestation, decrease of MPO activity and elevation of SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1 beta and IL-8 were involved in the pathogenesis of colitis. IL-1ra has preventive and therapeutic effect to colitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Time resolved photoluminescence of PPV derivatives/C60 combination system].

We report the integrated and picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurement from two kinds of combination films: Poly(2-methoxy-5-(4-butenyloxy)phenylene vinylene) (MB-PPV)/C60 and Poly (2-methoxy-5-(4'-bromo-butoxy) phenylene vinylene) (MBB-PPV)/C60. Comparing with the pure MBB-PPV film, PL weakening and quenching of MBB-PPV were observed in the multilayer and mixed MBB-PPV/C60 films respectively. From TRPL spectra, the change of PL decay lifetime could be clearly seen, those could be attributed to the excitation transfer (ET) process between the excited MBB-PPV molecule and C60 molecule. Further measurements indicate that there is no noticeable dependence of the ET process on the temperature in the combination films.

English Abstract↗

PubMed1998

Determination of gene and chromosome dosage in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To review the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in the determination of gene and chromosome dosage in cancer specimens and to discuss the genetic association between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma as detected by these three techniques. STUDY DESIGN: FISH, PCR, and CGH were applied to the same specimens to clarify discrepancies observed by a single technique alone and to further understand prostate carcinogenesis. RESULTS: The most common genetic alterations in PIN and carcinoma were (1) gain of chromosome 7, particularly 7q31; (2) loss of 8p and gain of 8q; and (3) loss of 10q, 16q and 18q. CONCLUSION: Using different techniques on the same specimen was useful to determine genetic relationships between cancer and its precursors. PIN and prostatic carcinoma foci have a similar proportion of genetic changes, but foci of carcinoma usually have more alterations. This supports the hypothesis that PIN is the most likely precursor of prostatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Nasotemporal directional bias of V1 neurons in young infant monkeys.

PURPOSE: Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in young infants typically shows a temporal-to-nasal asymmetry under monocular viewing conditions. The neural basis for this asymmetry has been a matter of debate. One idea is that the OKN asymmetry reflects a similar asymmetry in the directional sensitivity of primary visual cortical (V1) neurons. An alternative hypothesis is that the OKN asymmetry is due to an immaturity in the ability of cortical neurons to influence the activity of subcortical structures that directly control OKN. We addressed this issue by studying the directional sensitivity of V1 neurons in young infant monkeys. METHODS: The neuronal activity of V1 units was recorded from anesthetized and paralyzed rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 6 days to 8 weeks using standard extracellular single-unit recording methods. For comparison, V1 units from normal adult monkeys were also studied. Using drifting sinusoidal gratings of the optimal spatial frequency and a moderate contrast, we measured the responsiveness of individual units to 24 directions of stimulus movement. The preferred stimulus direction and the magnitude of the directional response bias were determined by a vector summation method. RESULTS: No clear signs of nasotemporal asymmetries in direction tuning were found in our cell population from infant monkeys. However, the overall directional sensitivity and the peak monocular response amplitudes of these units were significantly lower, and binocular suppression was greater during the first 4 weeks of life than in adults. CONCLUSIONS: The OKN asymmetry in young infants may be more closely associated with the lower overall directional sensitivity and the subnormal responsiveness of V1 neurons rather than with an obvious asymmetry in the directional properties of V1 neurons.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1997

Inhibition of synaptic transmission by neuropeptide Y in rat hippocampal area CA1: modulation of presynaptic Ca2+ entry.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) agonists inhibit glutamate release by a presynaptic action at the CA3-CA1 synapse of rat hippocampus. We have examined the relationship between [Capre]t via presynaptic, voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), measured optically by using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2, and transmitter release, measured electrophysiologically. Activation of presynaptic NPY Y2 receptors reduced [Capre]t and thereby inhibited synaptic transmission. Multiple calcium channels are involved in synaptic transmission at this synapse. Activation of Y2 receptors inhibits N-type, P/Q-type, and unidentified presynaptic VDCCs. The inhibition of each of these calcium channel types contributes to the reduction of [Capre]t by Y2 receptors. Activation of adenosine receptors fully occluded the inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx by Y2 receptors but not the inhibition by GABAB receptors, suggesting a convergent action for Y2 and adenosine receptors, probably by coupling to the same G-protein.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1997

Aspartate-407 in Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase is not required for proton pumping or manganese binding.

Several pathways for proton transport in cytochrome c oxidase have been proposed on the basis of mutational analysis and X-ray structure: at least one for moving "pumped" protons from the interior to exterior of the membrane and a separate route for transporting "substrate" protons from the interior to the binuclear metal center to combine with oxygen to make H2O. According to the crystal structures of cytochrome c oxidase, Asp407 (Rhodobacter sphaeroides numbering) is at the interface of subunit I and subunit II of the oxidase, in a negative patch proposed to be the proton exit site in a pumping pathway, as well as a possible ligand to Mg [Iwata et al. (1995) Nature 376, 660-669]. Three mutants at the Asp407 position of R. sphaeroides cytochrome oxidase, Asp407Ala, Asp407Asn, and Asp407Cys, have been purified and characterized. All showed electron transfer activity, and pH dependence of activity, similar to that of the wild type enzyme and no major structural changes, as evidenced by visible, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. When reconstituted into artificial vesicles, the purified mutants pumped protons with normal efficiency and responded to the membrane pH and electrical gradients in a manner similar to that of wild type. Furthermore, the EPR spectra and Mn quantitation analysis of mutants grown in high Mn indicated no significant alteration in the Mn/Mg site. These results suggest that Asp407 does not play a critical role in proton translocation or in Mn/Mg binding.

Aspartic Acid↗

PubMed1997

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer.

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is the most likely precursor of human prostate cancer. The prevalence and immunophenotype of PIN in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer has not been previously described. To investigate the association between PIN and prostate cancer, we evaluated the prostates of dogs with spontaneous prostate carcinoma. The prevalence of PIN was determined in formalin-fixed prostates from 29 dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, we compared basal cell layer integrity (high molecular weight keratin 34 beta-E12), proliferative index (MIB-1), and microvessel density (Factor VIII-related antigen) in 14 prostates which contained benign epithelium, PIN, and carcinoma. PIN was present in 19 of 29 (66%) prostates from dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. The basal cell layer was intact in benign epithelium, disrupted in 72% of acini with PIN, and absent in carcinoma. The mean proliferative index was 17%, 25%, and 40% for benign epithelium, PIN, and carcinoma, respectively, and these differences were significant. The mean microvessel density in foci of PIN and carcinoma (32 and 39 vessels per mm2, respectively) was greater than in benign epithelium (23 vessels per mm2). High-grade PIN is common in the prostates of dogs with spontaneous carcinoma. The basal cell layer is partially disrupted in PIN, whereas it is absent in prostate cancer. The proliferative index and microvessel density of PIN are intermediate between benign epithelium and cancer. These results are similar to those reported for human PIN and prostate cancer, and indicate that PIN is part of a morphologic continuum in the progression of prostate cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first description of high-grade PIN spontaneously occurring in animals. The canine prostate may serve as a useful model for examining factors that modulate PIN and prostate cancer progression.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Detection of c-myc oncogene amplification and chromosomal anomalies in metastatic prostatic carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The role of c-myc in prostatic carcinogenesis is poorly understood. The pathogenetic relationship between high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), prostatic carcinoma, and metastases is not well-defined. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a region-specific probe for c-myc (band 8q24) and chromosome enumeration probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 12, and Y to evaluate genetic changes in matched PIN (48 foci), localized prostatic carcinoma (71 foci), and lymph node metastases (23 foci) in 25 totally embedded whole-mount stage D1 (T2-3 N1-3 M0) radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. The c-myc protein expression in these lesions was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Foci with extra copies of c-myc could be divided into three groups: (a) those with simple gain of a whole chromosome 8 (no increase in c-myc copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was identified in 42, 25, and 46% of foci of PIN, carcinoma, and metastases, respectively; (b) those with an intermediate increase in c-myc copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere, which was found in 8, 11, and 25% of foci of PIN, carcinoma, and metastases, respectively; and (c) those with substantial amplification of c-myc (large increases in c-myc copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was detected in 0, 8, and 21% of foci of PIN, carcinoma, and metastases, respectively. Substantial amplification of c-myc was strongly correlated with increasing cancer nuclear grade and immunohistochemical evidence of c-myc protein overexpression. Numeric chromosomal anomalies were found in 67, 68, and 96% of foci of PIN, carcinoma, and metastases, respectively. The most frequent anomaly in PIN and carcinoma was a gain of chromosome 8, and the presence of this anomaly strongly correlated with Gleason score. Carcinoma foci usually contained more FISH anomalies than paired PIN foci, but three prostates contained one or more PIN foci with more anomalies than carcinoma. Thirteen primary tumor foci exhibited intratumor genetic heterogeneity by FISH. One or more foci of the primary tumor usually shared FISH anomalies with the matched metastases. Our FISH results indicate that: (a) gain of chromosome 8 and amplification of c-myc are potential markers of prostate carcinoma progression; (b) PIN is likely a precursor of carcinoma; (c) intraglandular and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is relatively common; and (d) usually a single focus of cancer gives rise to metastases.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Establishment and characterization of a conditionally immortalized smooth muscle/myometrial-like cell line.

A novel smooth muscle/myometrial-like cell line, SMU1-10, has been generated from the uterus of a H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse carrying a thermolabile SV40 large T-antigen gene. These cells grow continuously when maintained at the permissive temperature (33 degrees C) for the SV40 large T-antigen but stop dividing when placed at the non-permissive temperature (39 degrees C) and ultimately die within 3 weeks. All of the SMU1-10 cells produce smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMAA) at both 33 degrees C and 39 degrees C. A subset of the cells also contain smooth muscle gamma-actin (SMGA), a hallmark of smooth muscle differentiation, and the fraction of cells staining for this actin increases from about 1% when maintained for three days at 33 degrees C to as much as 30% at 39 degrees C over the same length of time. However, the appearance of SMGA in SMU1-10 cells appears to be regulated mainly at a post-transcriptional level since in situ hybridization indicates that all cells contain SMGA mRNA at both 33 degrees C and 39 degrees C. SMU1-10 cultures also contain smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and SM22 alpha, both of which are only found in smooth muscle of the adult mouse. Three additional smooth muscle (myometrium)-related markers, connexin 43, the thromboxane A2 receptor, and the progesterone receptor also are present in these cells. At the nonpermissive temperature for SV40 large T-antigen, the both level of SMGA mRNA and the number of cells staining for this actin are significantly increased in the presence of progesterone, a process that is similar to the upregulation of SMGA in the myometrium late in pregnancy. Overall, SMU1-10 cells provides a potentially useful in vitro model system to study smooth muscle/myometrial differentiation.

Actins↗

PubMed1997

Reversing effects of DDPH on cardiac hypertrophy and increased collagen content induced by partial narrowing of abdominal aorta.

To investigate the reversing effects of DDPH on cardiac hypertrophy and increased collagen content in left ventricle tissue of rats, cardiac hypertrophy of rats were induced by partial narrowing of abdominal aorta. 4 weeks after operation, the rats were given DDPH for 8 weeks. 12 weeks later, it was found that in model group, LVW/WHW and WHW/BW increased by 39.0% and 36.9% than those in control group; collagen content increased by 1.5 times. I phi/E phi, LS decreased (P < 0.01), MMW/E phi, WZ increased (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned changes in two DDPH groups could be partly or completely reversed. It is concluded that DDPH could reverse cardiac hypertrophy of rats induced by partial narrowing of abdominal aorta and reduce collagen content in left ventricle tissue.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1997

The extent and multicentricity of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma.

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is considered the most likely precursor of invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma, and is characterized by cellular proliferations within preexisting ducts and glands with cytological changes mimicking cancer. The extent and multicentricity of this clinically important histopathologic lesion have not been fully defined. We sought to determine whether the extent and zonal distribution of PIN are related to prostate cancer. A total of 195 whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens were evaluated. All patients had clinically localized cancer, and none had received preoperative therapy. The zonal location and multicentricity of PIN were recorded, and the volume of PIN was measured using a grid-counting method according to pattern (tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, and flat) and spatial proximity to cancer (less than or equal to 2 mm from cancer, and greater than 2 mm from cancer). The results were correlated with patient age, prostate volume, cancer volume, pathological stage, and Gleason grade. High-grade PIN was identified in 86% of cases, usually with multiple architectural patterns of PIN in each positive case: tufting (97% of cases), micropapillary (66% of cases), cribriform (19% of cases), and flat (21% of cases). The mean volume of PIN was 1.32 cm3 (standard error [SE], 0.10; range, 0 to 8.12 cm3), and was greater for PIN within 2 mm of cancer (mean, 1.0 cm3) than for PIN more than 2 mm from cancer (mean, 0.3 cm3). PIN was usually multicentric (64.5% of cases) and located in the nontransition zone (63%) or all zones (36%) of the prostate. There was a positive correlation of total volume of PIN and volume of cancer, but this correlation was significant only for PIN within 2 mm of cancer. The volume of PIN was positively correlated with age, pathological stage, and Gleason score; most of these positive correlations were caused by PIN within 2 mm of cancer rather than that greater than 2 mm from cancer. Our results indicate that the extent and zonal distribution of high-grade PIN and carcinoma are strongly associated, and that PIN is frequently multicentric. This supports the hypothesis that PIN is a premalignant lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Presynaptic inhibition of synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus by activation of muscarinic receptors: involvement of presynaptic calcium influx.

1. Modulation of presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by muscarinic receptors at the CA3-CA1 synapse of rat hippocampal slices was investigated by using the calcium indicator fura-2. Stimulation-evoked presynaptic calcium transients ([Ca(pre)]t) and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fe.p.s.ps) were simultaneously recorded. The relationship between presynaptic calcium influx and synaptic transmission was studied. 2. Activation of muscarinic receptors inhibited [Ca(pre)]t, thereby reducing synaptic transmission. Carbachol (CCh, 10 microM) inhibited [Ca(pre)]t by 35% and reduced fe.p.s.p. by 85%. The inhibition was completely antagonized by 1 microM atropine. An approximate 4th power relationship was found between presynaptic calcium influx and postsynaptic responses. 3. Application of the N-type VDCC-blocking peptide toxin omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CTx GVIA, 1 microM) inhibited [Ca(pre)]t and fe.p.s.ps by 21% and 49%, respectively, while the P/Q-type VDCC blocker omega-agatoxin IVA (omega)-Aga IVA, 1 microM) reduced [Ca(pre)]t and fe.p.s.ps by 35% and 85%, respectively. 4. Muscarinic receptor activation differentially inhibited distinct presynaptic VDCCs. Omega-CTx GVIA-sensitive calcium channels were inhibited by muscarinic receptors, while omega-Aga IVA-sensitive channels were not. The percentage inhibition of omega-CTx GVIA-sensitive [Ca(pre)]t was about 63%. 5. Muscarinic receptors inhibited presynaptic VDCCs in a way similar to adenosine (Ad) receptors. The percentage inhibition of omega-CTx GVIA-sensitive [Ca(pre)]t by Ad (100 microM) was about 59%. There was no significant inhibition of omega-Aga IVA-sensitive channels by Ad. The inhibitions of [Ca(pre)]t by CCh and Ad were mutually occlusive. 6. These results indicate that inhibition of synaptic transmission by muscarinic receptors is mainly the consequence of a reduction of the [Ca(pre)]t due to inhibition of presynaptic VDCCs.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Preliminary study on differentiation of syndromes during HDT -6 degrees bed rest with traditional chinese medicine].

Differentiation of syndromes during 21 d HDT -6 degrees bed rest was made in 15 healthy young men. The results indicated that the subjects showed mainly deficiency of kidney-Yin, deficiency of Yin and hyperactivity of Yang, insufficiency of spleen-Qi and blood stasis in various degrees during the bed rest. The syndromes were most serious on the 3rd day, and then deficiency of kidney and deficiency of Yin and hyperactivity of Yang became mild gradually but insufficiency of spleen-Qi and blood stasis remained the same. The pulse condition was normal through the bed rest period

Bed Rest↗

PubMed1997

Chromosomal anomalies in stage D1 prostate adenocarcinoma primary tumors and lymph node metastases detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

PURPOSE: We determined if characteristic chromosomal anomalies exist within the primary tumors and lymph node metastases in patients with stage D1 prostate cancer, and compared the patterns of chromosomal alterations between primary tumors and nodal metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using peri-centromeric probes for chromosomes 6, 7, 8, 17, X and Y was performed on 5 mu. sections from paraffin embedded tissue blocks obtained from 23 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in 1990 for stage D1 prostate cancer. RESULTS: The dominant focus of primary tumor was compared to matched nodal metastases in 12 cases. Five of 12 primary tumor foci (41.7%) had similar chromosomal gains and the same fluorescence in situ hybridization ploidy result as the corresponding nodal metastases. Chromosomes 7 and X (73.2% of cases) were most frequently gained in the primary tumors, and chromosomes X and Y (81.2% of cases) were most frequently gained in the metastases. No primary tumor or metastasis demonstrated chromosomal loss. Three of 19 primary tumors (15.7%) were diploid, while 16 of 19 (84.3%) were nondiploid. Chromosomal aneusomy was inversely correlated with increasing Gleason summary score. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the dominant primary tumor foci may not give rise to nodal metastases, gains of chromosomes 7, X and Y may be associated with metastatic behavior, and patients with stage D1 disease have a greater rate of aneuploidy than those with lower stage cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗