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Biomedical subjects

J Proulx

Publications and source records attributed to J Proulx.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Influence of steroids on the exocrine pancreas: presence of laminated bodies in the acinar lumen following castration and adrenalectomy.

The influences of combined adrenalectomy and castration and of a replacement therapy with estradiol and glucocorticoids were examined in the rat pancreas. At the light microscope level, the surgical treatment changed the overall shape of the acini and caused widening of intralobular and interlobular spaces as well as partial depletion of zymogen granules. A significant reduction of the acinar lumen size was observed in castrated-adrenalectomized (CasX-AdreX) animals. This could be reversed by a replacement therapy with glucocorticoids. Moreover, triamcinolone even caused a significant lumen enlargement as compared to sham-operated animals. Such an enlargement was not observed with dexamethasone. Both these glucocorticoids caused an increase in zymogen granule content of the acinar cell. At the ultrastructural level, hitherto undescribed type of precipitates was observed in the acinar lumen of CasX-AdreX rats. Precipitates that exhibited a laminated aspect were identified as luminal laminated bodies. The latter could have some interest from the etiological point of view of certain pancreatic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis. Replacement therapy with estradiol did not affect the frequency of these precipitates, but glucocorticoid had a significantly inhibitory effect. From our observation, it is clear that some steroid exert a profound influence on the acinar cell and that a replacement therapy with glucocorticoids or estradiol do not totally restore the normal aspect of the pancreas acinar tissue. It suggests that some unknown factors from adrenals or testis are still required in addition to glucocorticoids and estrogens for the maintenance of the structural integrity of the gland.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1989

Type of dietary lipids exerts a major influence on the secretory activity of the exocrine pancreas: medium-term studies.

A possible influence of the type of dietary lipids on the pancreas exocrine function was tested on rats. For this purpose, four groups of rats were fed on different diets comprising 5% of different types of lipids: fish oil, evening primose oil, hydrogenated beef tallow, and a mixture of fish oil and evening primose oil. After a 6 week feeding period, the secretory activity of the pancreas was measured. Under resting conditions, rats fed hydrogenated beef tallow release different proportions of amylase, lipase, and serine proteases as compared to rats fed unsaturated lipids. In stimulated conditions, there was no significant difference in the relative proportions of enzymes secreted by the pancreas among the different groups of rats but the secretory response to cerulein stimulation from rats fed saturated lipids was increased by more than 40%. These results demonstrate that the type of dietary lipids exerts a major influence on the secretory activity of the pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The differentiation of francophone rapists and non-rapists using penile circumferential measures.

Since 1977 there have been seven published and two unpublished reports concerning the differentiation of rapists and non-rapists using penile circumferential measures. Of the published experiments, six report significant differences between groups. The purpose of the present investigation was to extend the scope of this work using a French-speaking population. Ten rapists and ten non-rapists were exposed to four classes of audiotaped stimuli: mutually consenting, rape, aggressive and sexually neutral episodes. Penile circumference changes were recorded during stimulus presentation. The results indicated that while rapist and non-rapist groups were not distinguished in terms to their response to mutually consenting sex, the two groups were distinguished with respect to their responses to rape episodes. The discrimination was even more marked when the results were individually analyzed using the rape index. Thus we were able to validate, in French-speaking subjects, the differentiation between rapists and non-rapists using penile measures. Several hypotheses are advanced which could explain the differences between experiments which demonstrate and those which fail to demonstrate discrimination between groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between perineal muscle contractions, penile tumescence, and penile rigidity during nocturnal erections.

The mechanism of penile erection and erectile dysfunction is still unclear and widely debated. The role of the perineal muscles in the erectile process, especially in changes in intracavernous pressure, is increasingly being studied on the hypothesis that perineal muscular contractions are essential to full penile rigidity. In a previous investigation we studied the correlation between voluntary perineal muscle contractions and intracavernous pressure during artificially induced erections. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether under normal conditions of nocturnal erection a similar relationship exists between the electromyographic activities of perineal muscles and changes in penile rigidity. Nocturnal penile recordings were made of seven volunteers with psychogenic erectile dysfunctions. During nocturnal erections simultaneous computerized recordings were made of penile tumescence, penile rigidity, and electromyographic activities of perineal muscles. The peaks for the three variables were reached simultaneously. The results of this study suggest the existence of two different physiologic phases: a vascular phase and a muscular phase. Furthermore, in cases of dysfunctions, specific diagnostic assessment and therapeutic management will be required for both penile tumescence and penile rigidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reflex contractions of the ischiocavernosus muscles following electrical and pressure stimulations.

In a previous study, we have demonstrated that voluntary muscular contractions of the ischiocavernosus muscles (IC) correlate with changes in intracavernous pressure and, therefore, with penile rigidity. The purpose of our current research project was to verify whether reflex contractions of the IC muscles exist and under what conditions. Our results confirm that reflex contractions occur following electrical or pressure stimulations. Following electrical stimulation, the mean latency of the reflex contractions was 67.5 ms for the IC muscles and 34.9 ms for the bulbocavernosus muscles (BC). Following pressure stimulation, the pressure threshold necessary to elicit contractions of the IC muscles varied between 18.2 mm. Hg and 34.8 mm. Hg. We also observed that pressure variation (increase and decrease) rather than a relatively constant pressure is necessary to produce this reflex response. We interpret these results to suggest that pressure stimulations on the glans penis during coitus contribute to the erectile process and, specifically, to the increase in intracavernous pressure. These findings suggest the possibility of a physiotherapeutic management for patients with penile rigidity problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a long-acting selenium and copper preparation for intraruminal administration to cattle.

An intraruminal, soluble glass bolus containing selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) was evaluated for improving the Se and Cu status of pregnant cows and their calves. In the cows, there was a marked increase in the Se status following treatment with the soluble glass bolus. In the untreated cows, Se concentration in the blood (27-31 ng/g) as well as milk (5.1-6.8 ng/ml) remained low which was indicative of Se-deficiency. In the treated cows, the soluble glass bolus administration produced higher blood and milk Se concentrations, which were increased during the whole experimental period (10 months). In calves born from soluble glass treated cows, blood Se (11-28 ng/ml) and Cu (0.43-0.82 microgram/ml) concentrations were higher (except at birth for Cu) than in those from the untreated cows. Despite these differences, the status of the calves born from the treated cows was still low in both Se and Cu.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cell lines that express stably env gene products from three strains of HIV-1.

The products of the env gene of HIV-1 play critical roles in determining the host range of the virus and it cytopathicity, as well as forming an important focus of an infected individual's immune response to the virus. We describe the isolation and characterization of separate HeLa cell lines expressing the env gene products of three highly divergent strains of HIV-1.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Effect of intraruminally administered, selenium soluble-glass boluses on selenium status in cows and their calves.

Intraruminal selenium soluble-glass boluses were administered by balling gun to 65 of 125 crossbred beef cows (Shorthorn X Charolais) during the last trimester of pregnancy. Elevated (P less than .01) whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations were observed monthly for the next 10 mo following initiation of treatment, reaching the maximum magnitude (263 vs 41) at the fourth month. Monthly milk samples showed elevated selenium concentrations (P less than .01, April through August; P less than .05 through September). Intraruminal, selenium soluble-glass bolus administration to gestating cows was highly effective in raising the selenium status of their progeny. Although the control calves were in low-selenium status, no acute cases of nutritional muscular dystrophy were observed during this experiment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Intraruminal selenium pellet for control of nutritional muscular dystrophy in cattle.

Administration of an intraruminal selenium pellet to a herd of pregnant crossbred cows was evaluated for controlling nutritional muscular dystrophy in an area of northern Ontario with numerous losses of calves. Cows were winter-fed grass silage. Each spring cows and calves went to pasture. A single dose of intraruminal selenium pellet was given to 80 cows during last 3 mo of pregnancy the 1st yr only while the remaining 80 were controls. During 3 consecutive years, efficacy of intraruminal selenium pellet was evaluated by selenium status of recipient cows and their offspring as well by the incidence of nutritional muscular dystrophy. Selenium in plasma, as well as glutathione peroxidase in whole blood, in the cows administered intraruminal selenium pellet, were higher than in the deficient controls. Ten months after intraruminal selenium pellet treatment, selenium in tissues was higher in treated than in untreated cows but within normal ranges. Before cows were turned out to pasture the 1st yr, milk selenium of intraruminal selenium pellet cows were higher than controls. This technique of selenium dosing was effective in raising the selenium status of the progeny. There was no evidence of nutritional muscular dystrophy in calves from selenium-dosed cows, while 15 calves born of the untreated cows showed clinical symptoms of nutritional muscular dystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Early and late outcome after aortocoronary bypass: experience in 500 cases].

Between 1971 and 1976, 500 patients underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery. There were 15 operative deaths (3%) and the total frequency of perioperative infarction was 7%. The operative mortality was 7.4% in unstable angina, as compared with 1.1% in stable angina (P less than 0.01). The proportion of grafts patent at 2 weeks was 92% and at 18 months 87.6%. Postoperative follow-up was complete for 99% of the patients. There were 15 late deaths (3%) and the rates of survival at 2 and 4 years were 94.4% and 92.1% respectively. The actuarial curve of survival after surgery was not significantly different from that of the general population. After a mean follow-up of 27 months 73% of the patients were completely free of angina and 19% were markedly improved. The rate of recurrence of angina averaged 10% per year and the annual infarction rate was 0.7%. Fourteen patients (3%) underwent reoperation during the follow-up period. Thus, coronary revascularization surgery offers effective and sustained relief of incapacitating angina and might also improve survival if the operative mortality is low.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

You are what you wear.

Uniforms and professional roles are frequently tied in the minds of both staff and patient, so it may be advisable to return to greater use of uniforms by hospital professional staffs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1974

Coronary hypertonia and angina.

Coronary hypertonia was observed in a patient with unstable angina. It was possible on one occasion to reproduce the clinical picture, electrocardiographic changes, lactate production and coronary hypertonia by means of atrial pacing. He had a normal left coronary arteriogram when the diffuse spasm was relieved by nitroglycerin. Therefore hypertonia (or spasm) of the left coronary artery was believed to be the cause of his variant angina with subendocardial ischemia.

Angina Pectoris↗