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Biomedical subjects

J Pringle

Publications and source records attributed to J Pringle.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Neuroepithelioma--a rare malignant peripheral nerve tumor of primitive origin: report of two new cases and a review of the literature.

Two cases of primitive neuroectodermal primary peripheral nerve tumors (neuroepitheliomas) are presented. They both demonstrated the rosette pattern described by Homer Wright indicating their neuroectodermal origin, and were unlike Schwann cell tumors. In one case, intensive chemotherapy with local radiotherapy had resulted in a disease-free interval of 30 months at the time of this report. These cases support the existence of neuroepithelioma as a distinct tumor type.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Case reort 110.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous and non-invasive study of brain oxygenation in the calf by near infrared spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to detect changes in brain oxygenation in five tranquilised calves that were placed on a hypoxic gas mixture (10 per cent O2/90 per cent N2) and hyperoxic gas mixture (30 per cent O2/70 per cent N2) for five minutes at each concentration. A NIRO 500 (Hamamatsu, Japan) was used for the NIRS, with the incident light source and separate detector (optodes) placed on shaved skin on the most dorsal surface of the frontal bone. Sequential arterial blood gas sample analyses provided confirmation of the appropriate change in systemic oxygenation status. By the end of the five-minute-period of breathing 10 per cent oxygen, NIRS of the calf head detected highly significant changes in haemoglobin oxygenation reflective of hypoxaemia, with oxyhaemoglobin decreasing by 23.5 units (P<0.01) and deoxyhaemoglobin increasing by 45.6 units, (P<0.01) from the baseline of breathing room air. Total haemoglobin (oxyhaemoglobin + deoxyhaemoglobin) showed a significant increase of 22.1 units (P<0.05) but there was no significant change in NIRS determined cytochrome aa3 oxygenation. Concomitant blood gas alterations included significant decreases in PaO2 (-27.8 mmHg, P<0.01), haemoglobin saturation (-29.0 per cent, P<0.05), and PaCO2 (-7.8 mmHg, P<0.05) and significantly increased blood pH (0.059, P<0.05). At the end of the five minutes of breathing 30 per cent oxygen NIRS of the calf head detected significantly increased oxyhaemoglobin (13.1 units, P<0.01) and decreased deoxyhaemoglobin (-13.7 units, P<0.05) when compared with baseline breathing of room aim. Total haemoglobin and cytochrome aa3 were unchanged from baseline. The accompanying arterial blood gas changes included significant increases in PaO2 (30.9 mmHg, P<0.05), arterial O2 saturation (11.7 per cent, P<0.05), and significantly decreased pH (-0.026, P<0.05). This study showed that NIRS can be used to continuously and non-invasively detect cerebral oxygenation changes in the live calf in response to both increased and decreased systemic arterial oxygen. Additionally, despite induction of profound hypoxaemia, cytochrome aa3 in the brain did not appear to become reduced.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Near infrared spectroscopy for non-invasive assessment of intracranial haemoglobin oxygenation in an in vitro model of the calf head.

An in vitro model of the calf head was used to examine the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to non-invasively determine oxygenation events within the calf head. The brains were removed from 16 calf skulls and replaced with oxygenated dilutions of calf blood that had the oxygen progressively decreased from PO2 > 110 mmHg to < 10 mmHg. Appropriate placement of the lighting source and sensor (optodes) was examined, as were the influences of skull thickness and overlying skin of the skull (including colour). The changes in haemaglobin oxygenation in the model calf head, as observed by NIRS, were highly correlated to PO2 changes in all 16 calf skulls examined (mean r2=0.91, range 0.71 to 0.99). There was a trend for optode positioning to achieve optimal NIRS signals over the middle of the frontal bone in a longitudinal axis and with optodes spaced 4 cm apart, but with the large variation between calf heads this was not shown to be significantly different from other sites tested. The presence of skin over the skull had a significant damping effect on the NIRS signal when compared with the bare skull (P<0.01) but it was not possible to detect a difference in this damping effect between black and white coloured skin. All but the two thickest skulls (13 and 14 mm frontal bone thickness) appeared to allow sufficiently strong NIRS signals of changes in haemoglobin oxygenation. This study showed that NIRS can be used for non-invasive study of oxygenation events within the cranial cavity of calves, and established some guidelines and limitations for its use in this species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of mental health service utilization and unmet need among a sample of male adolescents.

The authors sought to identify the correlates of mental health services utilization and unmet need for these services among a sample of adolescent males. We hypothesized that our findings would replicate and extend those of the recent Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) study, which found that parental factors play a major role in their children's unmet mental health care needs. Our study involved an evaluation of mental health service utilization and unmet need during the prior 2 years, as reported by the subjects at a follow-up assessment at age 16. Four factors were found to predict increased mental health services utilization, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among the adolescent males, the father's alcohol use disorder, and the mother's amphetamine use disorder. One factor was found to predict decreased utilization, the father's cannabis use disorder. Four factors significantly predicted unmet treatment need, including conduct disorder, the mother's amphetamine use disorder, a higher number of siblings, and a parental history of having had a childhood anxiety disorder. The results of this study suggest that parental psychopathology, parental substance abuse, the presence of conduct disorder, and an increased number of siblings act as barriers to adequate mental health treatment among adolescents. These findings confirm the crucial role that parental factors play in the treatment utilization and the unmet treatment need of their children, and also suggest that an increased number of siblings can also be associated with unmet treatment need.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute clinical, hematologic, serologic, and polymerase chain reaction findings in horses experimentally infected with a European strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Six horses were experimentally infected by administration of horse blood containing a Swedish strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) signal was consistently detected 2-3 days before appearance of clinical signs and persisted 4-9 days beyond abatement of clinical signs, whereas diagnostic inclusion bodies were 1st noted on average 2.6 +/- 1.5 (SD) days after onset of fever. Clinical signs and hematologic changes were largely indistinguishable from those previously reported for diseases caused by A phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia equi--"Californian agent") and the human-derived human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent. Horses 1st demonstrated antibody response 12-16 days after inoculation, 2 cases of which were still febrile, and serotiters rapidly peaked within 3-7 days of clinical illness. One horse died during the acute stage of disease, but initial clinical signs and hematologic changes were similar to those of other infected horses. This report shows that, despite minor genetic differences, a European equine-derived strain of A. phagocytophilum may be similar in pathogenicity to the Californian agent. The PCR used holds promise to widen the diagnostic window and would also be diagnostic during the initial days of clinical disease when inclusions in neutrophils in blood smears are not yet apparent.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liposomal pulmonary drug delivery. I. In vivo disposition of atropine base in solution and liposomal form following endotracheal instillation to the rabbit lung.

The potential of liposomes as carriers for local pulmonary drug delivery was investigated in the rabbit. Atropine base, a model compound for lipophilic drugs, was encapsulated in neutral MLVs and sprayed at the bifurcation of the trachea. Drug concentrations determined in the lung indicated liposomal encapsulation provided higher drug concentrations within pulmonary tissue for a more prolonged period of time as compared to the solution form. Comparison of drug levels in plasma and appearance of drug in urine demonstrated more rapid systemic absorption and elimination of 'free' drug. Greater accessibility of drug in solution to the systemic circulation was reflected in higher atropine concentrations in all internal organs studied. Liposome encapsulation favourably altered the disposition of atropine base when locally administered to the rabbit lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New diseases and increased risk of diseases in companion animals and horses due to transport.

Dogs and horses are transported within the European Union for a number of reasons. The transport per se may cause physical problems, exemplified by hyperthermia in dogs and pleuropneumonia in horses, and the stress may reactivate latent infections such as canine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-1. Preventive treatments are vital to protect dogs from ticks and mosquitoes transmitting their potentially lethal infectious agents, such as Leishmania donovani infantum, Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, and Dirofilaria immitis. However, records show that the travelling dogs are not fully protected since cases occur in non-endemic regions. The brown dog tick also poses a risk for humans by transmitting Rickettsia conorii causing Mediterranean spotted fever. Further, the trade in stray dogs from southern Europe has placed a particular focus on the occurrence of vector-borne diseases in the Mediterranean basin. The unknown origin of strays also poses a risk for rabies. With respect to horses, those transported to southern Europe may be exposed to Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, both of which are transmitted by ticks. Horses with antibodies against these parasites are not permitted to enter the USA. Additionally, viral diseases such as African horse sickness, transmitted by midges, and Borna disease, of the mode of transmission is yet unclear, may also pose a risk for horses travelling to potentially endemic regions.

Animals↗