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Biomedical subjects

J Prince

Publications and source records attributed to J Prince.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pharmacotherapy of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review.

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized disorder with associated psychiatric comorbidity and impairment. Although pharmacotherapy serves an important role in treating ADHD and other concurrent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, the use of pharmacotherapeutics for adults with ADHD remains less established. In this report, the effectiveness and dosing parameters of the various agents investigated for adult ADHD are reviewed. A systematic review of the available literature identified 7 studies (N = 193 subjects) of psychostimulants and 10 studies of nonstimulant medications (N = 167 subjects) including antidepressants, antihypertensives, and amino acids for the treatment of ADHD in adults. The majority of double-blind investigations were with the psychostimulants, with the nonstimulant agents, generally antidepressants, studied under open conditions. There was considerable variability in diagnostic criteria, dosing parameters, and response rates between the various studies. Under controlled conditions, the aggregate literature shows that the stimulants had a clinically and statistically significant effect on reducing ADHD symptoms. Open studies on the nonserotonergic antidepressants (tricyclics, bupropion, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors) also show a moderate anti-ADHD effect. The literature appears to support the use of robust doses of both stimulants and antidepressants for ADHD in adults. Further controlled studies applying stringent diagnostic criteria and outcome methodology are necessary to define the range of pharmacotherapeutic options for adults with ADHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Document imaging: long-term solution or stop-gap measure?

Just what exactly does a "paperless office" mean? To some healthcare professionals, it means just that-no use of paper documents whatsoever. But to others, "paperless" more or less means using paper documents to reach a higher level of electronic recording, in other words-document imaging. We asked four industry insiders to discuss their views and opinions on the use of document imaging in healthcare. Their comments follow.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed1994

Mitochondrial enzyme deficiencies in Down's syndrome.

Defects in cytochrome oxidase (CO; complex 4) have recently been demonstrated in blood platelets and in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible etiological implications. Because of pathogenetic similarities with AD, we have measured the activities of several mitochondrially localised enzymes in the blood platelets of individuals afflicted with trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome). The activities of monoamine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were assayed in washed platelets from sixty caucasian, male and female control individuals (ages 18-60) and ten, young Down's Syndrome patients (ages 9-21). Significant reductions in the activities of monoamine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were found. In all cases the average activities in Down's syndrome individuals were approximately two-thirds those of controls (DS/Controls = 0.68, 0.67, 0.64 respectively). The activity of the fourth enzyme studied, glutamate dehydrogenase, was found to be similar to controls. Results suggest that these reductions are a consequence of a generalised mitochondrial disturbance which may lie behind some pathogenetic aspect(s) of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

An in situ study of beta-glucosidase activity in normal and Gaucher fibroblasts with fluorogenic probes.

Beta-glucosidase activity was evaluated in situ by means of fluorogenic probes in normal human fibroblasts and fibroblasts from homozygous carriers of the Gaucher trait. Probe internalization, targeting to lysosomes and post-cleavage probe retention were the primary concerns. Internalization and targeting were attempted by in situ photosensitized labilization of lysosomal membranes, lysosomotropic detergents and the use of low density lipid (LDL) or the receptor ligand apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Post-cleavage increase of fluorescence with fluoresceinyl (bis) beta-glucopyranoside was appreciably above the rather large pre-cleavage emission. In cells incubated overnight with nonylumbelliferyl-beta-glucoside (UG9) in the presence of bovine serum albumin and in the absence of ApoE, the probe was dealt with as a cytotoxic agent, accumulating in a paranuclear cap, most likely comprising elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Targeting of UG9 to lysosomes occurred within 1 to 3 h of preincubation in the presence of ApoE. There was some evidence of specificity, as Gaucher fibroblasts exhibited weaker cleavage of UG9 (by 50 per cent or more) compared to normal fibroblasts, but in the Gaucher cells there was some residual beta-glucosidase activity. Cleavage of UG9 was nearly totally suppressed in Gaucher cells treated with the beta-glucosidase inhibitor, conduritol B epoxide, for 24 h to 7 days. Suppression in the control fibroblasts was evident but to a lesser degree. The in situ method of fluorogenic assay established for beta-glucosidase deficiency, is in principle applicable to enzyme deficiencies in other lysosomal storage diseases, or to evaluate enhanced enzyme activity following gene therapy.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1990

Bioregulatory mechanisms at the level of cell organelle interactions: microspectrofluorometric in situ studies.

The spatiotemporal analysis of bioregulatory mechanisms at the level of intracellular multienzyme complexes and organelle interactions is made possible by the availability of endogenous and exogenous fluorescence probes, the development of microspectrofluorometers allowing one- and two-dimensional scans of intracellular fluorescence reactions, and the use of micromanipulatory techniques enabling the rapid alteration of metabolic states. Absorbed photons are not only a tool for quantitative evaluation of metabolic processes, they can also trigger alterations of cell membranes and functions as mediated by photosensitizer drugs. In the hierarchy of intracellular organization different levels of complexity are accessible to study, such as the regulation of multienzyme complexes and the interaction of organelle complexes. Typical applications of these methods are the investigation of drug effects (e.g., on melanoma cells), metabolic and structural alterations (e.g., in cystic fibrosis and Gaucher fibroblasts), organelle interactions in cells treated with toxic agents. The implications are relevant to biotechnology for better control of metabolite production and processing, design and testing of new drugs, understanding of drug resistance and better targeting of drugs or probes to selected intracellular sites. In addition, such in vitro methods can contribute to the provision of an alternative to "whole animal experiments" as already achieved in human and mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes, hepatoma, Swiss 3T3 cells and other cells in culture, especially with regards to an analysis of the action of xenobiotics and drugs in cell physiology and pathology, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, study of cytoskeleton dynamics and multiparameter probing of organelle activity during in vitro wound repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mental health in Dutch adolescents: self-reported competencies and problems for ages 11-18.

Beside parents and teachers, adolescents themselvess may be valuable informants about their own psychological functioning. The present study, which provides prevalence data on behavioral/emotional problems and competencies reported by adolescents aged 11-18 from the general population, was preceded by two studies providing such data for parent and teacher reported problems. The instrument used in the present study is the Youth Self Report (YSR) developed by Achenbach and Edelbrock to obtain adolescents' self-reports on their problems and competencies in a standardized way. YSRs completed by 52 adolescents on two occasions with a time-interval of 3-4 weeks revealed test-retest reliability expressed as intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.87 for total problem scores and 0.69 for total competence scores. The YSR was completed by 941 adolescents aged 11-18 from the general population. For each of the 103 problem items and 17 competence items, the prevalence rates were presented graphically for both genders in two-year age-groups. To identify differences related to sex, age and socio-economic status (SES), ANCOVAs were performed on the scores for each problem and competence item as well as on total problem and total competence scores. Whereas the level of problem scores was the same across the 11-18 years age-span, girls obtained higher total problem scores with increasing age. Younger girls scored lower and older girls scored somewhat higher than boys. Implications of these findings with respect to sex differences in referral rates for children and adults are discussed. The increase with increasing age in self-reports of problems concerning inner feelings and thoughts may reflect the adolescent's change in cognitive, socio-emotional and physical functioning. We could not demonstrate significant SES differences in problem scores. Comparisons of problem scores obtained for referred and nonreferred adolescents revealed a correct classification rate of 73.6%, which seems satisfactory given the fact that parents rather than the adolescent usually initiate referrals. Comparisons of problem item scores in ANCOVAs of referred and nonreferred samples revealed significant referral status effects for 68 of the 103 problem items, with referred adolescents scoring higher than nonreferred adolescents. The largest effect of referral status was found for the item "Nervous". The third largest effect was obtained for the item "Unhappy, sad, depressed", which also showed strong discrimination between parent scores for referred and nonreferred samples. Competence scores showed much weaker discrimination between referred and nonreferred groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Molecular pathobiology of human collagens.

The fibril-forming collagens (types I-III, V and XI) represent a homogeneous and evolutionary related group of proteins and genes. In addition to serving as supportive elements, these macromolecules influence the spatial and ontogenic diversity of extracellular matrices, for they regulate a number of developmental programs and cellular activities, such as adhesion, proliferation and migration. Deranged expression of fibrillar collagen genes results in a number of inherited and acquired disorders which greatly affect the structural integrity of the organism. An understanding of collagen biosynthesis and regulation in normal and diseased states provides an opportunity to dissect biological problems which relate to a wide variety of subjects, including morphogenesis, relationships between structure and function of proteins, gene expression and human mutations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An analysis of margin configurations for metal-ceramic crowns.

Major types of margin configurations for ceramometal crowns are reviewed. This is one of the most commonly misunderstood and poorly practiced aspects of fixed prosthodontics. The resultant underprepared teeth produce discolored gingiva and chalky crowns.

Crowns↗
PubMed1983

The esthetic metal-ceramic margin: a comparison of techniques.

Metal-ceramic crowns with all-porcelain labial margins may have esthetic and biologic advantages. Several techniques for making these restorations have been described in the prosthodontic literature. The authors used all the techniques and compared the results in terms of quality and degree of difficulty in construction. Clinically acceptable results can be achieved with all described techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized in Table I.

Crowns↗
PubMed1982

Research note: rating the home environment of school-age children; a comparison with general cognitive index and school progress.

A method of rating the home environment of primary school children is described. It was used in a study of 20 children whose cognitive abilities and school progress were also assessed. Aspects of home life which were found to be significantly correlated with the child's performance were parental encouragement for the child's achievement, activeness, creativity and verbal participation; a family interest in intellectual pursuits and education; family rules or control of the child. Some items were negatively correlated with children's performance.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

Abilities of children who were small-for-gestational-age babies.

A follow-up study of 51 small-for-gestation-age babies, whose intrauterine growth was monitored by serial ultrasonic cephalometry, was carried out at a mean age of 5.1 years. The developmental abilities of the children were assessed by using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and the results were compared with those of a group of matched control subjects. Children whose head growth began to slow before 26 weeks' gestation had significantly lower scores for the general cognitive index than control children. This did not occur in children whose head growth began to slow later in gestation. Scores for Perceptual-performance and Motor scales in the McCarthy scales were also lower for the children whose head growth slowed before 26 weeks' gestation, when compared with those of control children. There were no differences in the developmental scores of the children when they were divided into groups according to birth-weight percentiles. We conclude that prolonged slow growth in utero affects a child's later development and abilities, in particular, perceptual performance and motor ability.

Birth Weight↗