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Biomedical subjects

J Prag

Publications and source records attributed to J Prag.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Beta-lactamase stability and in vitro activity of aztreonam, with a comparison to 9 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin.

The antibacterial activity of aztreonam, 9 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin was tested in vitro on 383 recently isolated bacteria. The activity of aztreonam against the gram-negative bacteria is similar to the activity of the 3rd generation cephalosporins and gentamicin. With regard to beta-lactamase stability only PSE-2 out of 14 plasmid mediated beta-lactamases and K-1 out of 2 chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases could hydrolyze aztreonam. With its beta-lactamase stability, high antibacterial activity and narrow-spectrum aztreonam seems to be a valuable addition to the antibiotic arsenal.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus endocarditis.

A case of non-nosocomial, spontaneously occurring endocarditis caused by growth of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus on a prolapsed mitral valve is reported. Despite the organism's high susceptibility in vitro the patient responded slowly to antibiotic treatment. Colony adherence to agar surface and absent or weak catalase reaction differentiated this gram-positive coccus from coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci.

Endocarditis↗
PubMed1984

A new familial skeletal dysplasia with severely retarded ossification and abnormal modeling of bones especially of the epiphyses, the hands, and feet.

Three brothers with a constitutional skeletal dysplasia characterized by an excessively retarded ossification, principally of the epiphyses, the pelvis, the hands and the feet, are reported. In the hands and feet the retarded ossification is combined with an abnormal modeling of the bones. All the children appeared normal at birth. At the time of examination a moderate degree of dwarfism could be predicted. There was no mental retardation. All laboratory investigations including chromosomal analyses and examination for acid mucopolysaccharides in the urine were normal. Parental consanguinity suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance. There is no resemblance of this disorder to any of the hitherto described groups of constitutional diseases of bones.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1980

The value of the micromethod erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the diagnosis of infections in newborns.

200 newborns, gestational age between 27 and 43 weeks (mean 39 weeks) and a birth weight between 900 and 4600 g (mean 2600 g) were studied. 18 patients had severe infections, 20 topical infections, 11 had signs of infection but negative microbiological cultures, 26 had positive cultures but no clinical signs of infection, and 125 patients had no sign of infection at all. In the group without infection (125 patients), the micromethod erythrocyte sedimentation rate (MESR) raised slowly from 2 mm/h at birth (95% upper limit 8 mm/h) to 4 mm/h 8 days after delivery. The MESR of the patients with respiratory distress, asphyxia, intubated children and patients with umbilical catheter, who had no infection, did not differ from other patients in this group. In patients with focal and general infections, rapidly rising MESR within wide limits was observed. Thus, in the individual newborn a high MESR supports the diagnosis of severe infection, whereas a low MESR does not exclude this diagnosis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Netilmicin: efficacy and tolerance in the treatment of systemic infections in neonates.

38 newborn infants, 28 males and 10 females, were treated with netilmicin in doses 6-7 mg/kg/day for suspected or verified infections. 19 patients were mature (mean birth weight 3169 g) and 19 were premature (mean birth weight 1864 g). 32 had moderate or severe underlying diseases. 37 babies survived, 33 were cured or improved markedly and in 4 the results were indeterminate. Pathogenic bacteria were demonstrated in 24 cases and were eliminated in 15. Only one baby died. He suffered from severe respiratory distress syndrome and Escherichia coli septicemia. No E. coli was isolated at autopsy. The mean netilmicin peak serum value was 7.7 micrograms/ml (range 1.0-30.0) and the mean trough concentration 2.1 micrograms/ml (range 0.0-9.2). No adverse effects were seen.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceftriaxone/metronidazole is more effective than ampicillin/netilmicin/metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis.

In a prospective, open, controlled clinical study, 190 consecutive patients who were thought to have bacterial peritonitis before operation, were randomised to antibiotic treatment during and after operation with either ceftriaxone 1 g plus metronidazole 1.5 g once daily (n = 94) or ampicillin 2 g plus netilmicin 150 mg twice daily plus metronidazole 1.5 g once daily (n = 96). Incisional and deep surgical wound infections, postoperative pneumonia and urinary tract infection as well as deaths caused by infection were recorded. Ceftriaxone-metronidazole was significantly more effective than ampicillin-netilmicin-metronidazole, 6/94 wound related infections (6%) compared to 18/96 (19%) (p = 0.02). In patients with peritonitis caused by a perforated colon or appendix the rates of clinical failure were 6% and 28%, respectively. We consider ceftriaxone plus metronidazole an efficient and easily administered antibiotic regimen in patients with bacterial peritonitis, and both the wide range of activity against Gram-negative aerobic rods and the long half life of ceftriaxone seem to be beneficial.

Adolescent↗