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Biomedical subjects

J Poupard

Publications and source records attributed to J Poupard.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable atoms.

We report the realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable atoms (helium in the lowest triplet state). The excitation energy of each atom with respect to the ground state is 20 electron volts, but inelastic processes that would destroy the sample are suppressed strongly enough in a spin-polarized sample to allow condensation. Our detection scheme takes advantage of the metastability to achieve detection of individual atoms as well as of the decay products of inelastic processes. This detection opens the way toward new studies in mesoscopic quantum statistical physics, as well as in atomic quantum optics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

In vitro antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin and comparator compounds against common respiratory pathogens.

This study investigated the in vitro potency of the novel quinolone agent gemifloxacin (SB-265805), in comparison with other quionolones, beta-lactams, macrolides and trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole, against a panel of common respiratory pathogens. This panel comprised recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 347), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 256) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 184). Overall, the quinolones were highly active against H. influenzae and were the most potent agents against M. catarrhalis. Gemifloxacin was the most potent quinolone tested against all three species and was four- to 512-fold more potent against pneumococci than trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, cefuroxime, penicillin, ampicillin, clarithromycin, azithromycin or trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole. Against 19 ofloxacin-intermediate and 52 ofloxacin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, gemifloxacin retained activity, and was the only agent tested with MICs of < or =0.5 mg/L. The results of this study demonstrate the excellent in vitro antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin against pathogens commonly associated with respiratory tract infections and suggest that gemifloxacin has significant potential in the treatment of such infections, including those caused by pneumococci considered resistant to other quinolones.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1991

Inguinal lymphadenitis associated with Capnocytophaga bacilli.

Capnocytophaga organisms are capnophilic, gram-negative bacilli that have been associated with infections deriving from the flora of the oropharynx. We report a case of inguinal adenitis caused by Capnocytophaga species that probably represents sexual transmission of the pathogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

High-level penicillin resistance among isolates of enterococci. Implications for treatment of enterococcal infections.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and clinical significance of high-level penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium at our institution. DESIGN: Surveillance of clinical enterococcal isolates, in-vitro susceptibility and timed survival studies, and determination of antibiotic efficacy in an experimental model of enterococcal endocarditis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For a 6-month period, 14% of enterococcal isolates (30 of 212) were identified as E. faecium. One third of the isolates were highly resistant to penicillin G (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], greater than or equal to 200 micrograms/mL) but did not produce beta-lactamase. The findings from in-vitro survival studies showed that this high-level resistance resulted in the loss of bactericidal activity normally observed when an aminoglycoside antibiotic agent is combined with penicillin. An experimental rat model of endocarditis provided in-vivo data that confirmed our in-vitro observations. After the rats received therapy for 72 hours, penicillin G either alone or in combination with gentamicin did not significantly decrease the numbers of enterococci in vegetations on heart valves compared with untreated controls (P = 0.62 and P = 0.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Enterococcus faecium accounts for a notable proportion of clinical enterococcal isolates. Many strains from patients at our institution, as well as from patients at other institutions throughout the country, are highly resistant to penicillin. Because high-level penicillin resistance has important therapeutic implications, periodic surveillance and MIC testing of significant enterococcal isolates, especially E. faecium, are suggested.

Animals↗