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Biomedical subjects

J Pool

Publications and source records attributed to J Pool.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Functional residual capacity related to hepatic disease.

Functional residual capacity was measured in 20 children (aged 3.1-11.2 years) with liver disease. Children with severe liver disease, regardless of diagnosis, had reduced functional residual capacities (less than 80% of expected). Children with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency had higher functional residual capacities than those with other hepatic diagnoses. Three children had a functional residual capacity greater than 120% of expected, all had alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Effect of budesonide on pulmonary hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.

In 19 asthmatic children, aged 2-6 years, the effect of six weeks' treatment with inhaled budesonide or placebo on functional residual capacity (FRC--helium dilution) and bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed in a double blind, randomised crossover trial. FRC was increased in most children at the start of treatment. Treatment with budesonide was associated with a reduction in FRC by comparison with placebo (median change 9% v 0%; p less than 0.05). There was a trend towards a greater response to a bronchodilator after budesonide. The results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids reduce hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1987

Effect of beta-blockers on the relation between QT-interval and heart rate in exercise ECG.

QT-interval prolongation is a recognized risk indicator for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The effect of beta-blockers on the change of the QT-interval relative to the change in heart rate was studied in 269 male patients who underwent computer-interpreted exercise tests. None of the patients studied used anti-arrhythmic drugs, diuretics or digoxin. In 141 men on beta-blockers the relation between Q-peakT interval and heart rate could be described as follows: Q-peakT = -1.48 X heart rate + 415. In 128 patients not on beta-blockers this relation was: Q-peakT = -1.14 X heart rate + 379. The difference of the slopes is 0.34 (0.22 - 0.46, 95% confidence interval). This difference was even more pronounced in a subgroup of coronary patients: 0.44 (0.30 - 0.57, 95% confidence interval). These results indicate that in men using beta-blockers the QT-interval shortens faster with increasing heart rate than in men not using them. At high heart rates patients on beta-blockers have a shorter QT-interval than those not using them. These observations could explain the beneficial effect of beta-blockers on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in coronary patients.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Cardiac events after myocardial infarction: possible effect of relaxation therapy.

Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation aims primarily at improving quality of life, but an effect on morbidity and mortality may also be expected, especially when changes in behaviour and life-style are induced. The value of relaxation therapy and exercise training in post myocardial infarction (MI) patients was investigated. A group of 90 post MI patients were randomly assigned to either exercise training plus individual relaxation and breathing therapy (treatment A), or exercise training only (treatment B). The occurrence of cardiac events, consisting of cardiac death and of readmission to hospital for unstable angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or recurrent infarction, differed significantly for the two treatment groups in the 2-3 years after infarction. Seven out of 42 patients in treatment group A (17%) experienced a cardiac event, in contrast to 17 out of 46 (37%) patients in treatment group B, (P = 0.05, two-tailed). The results suggest that a combination of a behavioural treatment such as relaxation therapy with exercise training is more favourable for the long-term outcome after myocardial infarction than is exercise training alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Plasma catecholamine levels in preterm infants. Effect of birth asphyxia and Apgar score.

Catecholamine levels were measured in cord arterial blood from preterm infants. Relatively lower catecholamine levels were found in the preterm infants than in term infants, although no significant correlation was found between noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and either gestational age or birthweight. Significantly higher catecholamine levels were found after labour. Preterm females had significantly higher catecholamine levels than boys after asphyxia and tended also to have higher catecholamine levels without asphyxia, although not significant. Catecholamine levels were also significantly elevated in those infants with a low Apgar score (less than 7 at 5 min) and those who were acidotic (cord arterial pH less than 7.25). A good correlation was found between a low Apgar score and the presence of acidosis.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of different rates of artificial ventilation in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

The effectiveness of three different ventilator rates of artificial ventilation (30, 60 and 120/min) was studied in 32 preterm infants, all of whom were suffering from the Respiratory Distress Syndrome (16 were paralysed). Ventilator pressures, I:E ratio and MAP were kept constant at each rate. Increase in rate from 30 to 60 and to 120/min was well tolerated and not associated with episodes of hypotension. The only significant improvement in oxygenation was amongst the non-paralysed infants and at a rate of 120/min (p less than 0.01) this was associated with synchronous respiration. Two different ventilators were used in the study and a significant change in PaCO2 (reduction) occurred only in non-paralysed infants ventilated at a rate of 120/min by Sechrist ventilators (p less than 0.05). This difference may be a direct reflection of differences in ventilator performance at fast rates.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1987

Abnormalities of lung mechanics in young asthmatic children.

Measurements of total compliance of the respiratory system by the weighted spirometer technique and of the functional residual capacity by helium gas dilution were attempted in 86 asthmatic children aged 2.2-7.9 years. In all but six of the 86 children reliable measurements could be obtained. Significantly raised functional residual capacity was detected in children with asthma of all degrees of severity. The compliance of the respiratory system was significantly abnormal (reduced) only in children who had symptoms at the time of measurement or who had chronic persistent asthma. The results indicate that these measurements are well tolerated in young asthmatic children. Further work needs to be undertaken to assess the value of this technique in following the response to treatment.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

Recognition of distinct epitopes on the HLA-A2 antigen by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Alloimmune CTLs specifically recognizing the HLA-A2.3 subtype could be made besides the previously described HLA-A2.1 and A2.2 subtype-specific CTLs. Examination of the fine specificity of 15 different CTLs directed against distinct HLA-A2 subtypes demonstrated further complexity of antigenic epitopes present on the A2 molecule. First, epitopes could be defined which are unique for the HLA-A2.1, A2.2, A2.3, and A2.4 subtypes. Second, epitopes could be defined which are shared between the HLA-A2.1, A2.2 and A2.4 subtypes, but which are not shared by the A2.3 subtype. Analysis of the reactivity patterns of CTLs directed against the HLA-A2.2 and A2.4 subtypes indicated that the observed cytotoxic response was dependent on the HLA type of the responder cell. Biochemical analysis demonstrated the existence of isoelectric point variation in A2 heavy chains which deviated from the expected pIs for the A2 subtypes as described previously. Individuals were identified who possessed A2 heavy chains typical for the A2.3 subtype antigen although the CTL analysis demonstrated the presence of an A2.1 subtype antigen.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1986

Fighting the ventilator--are fast rates an effective alternative to paralysis?

We investigated the effect of increased ventilator rates on the respiratory activity of 17 infants, all actively expiring against the ventilator at conventional rates. Fast rate ventilation was rarely associated with apnoea (3 babies only) and the infant's respiratory efforts even at rates of 120/min had an important effect on tidal exchange. Seven infants altered their respiratory response to breathe in synchrony with the ventilator at 60 breaths/min and 5 maintained this at 120 breaths/min. Nine of the 17 infants continued to actively expire against positive pressure inflation at 60 breaths/min and in two this persisted at 120/min, the remaining 7 infants showed incoordinated breathing at that rate. We conclude that fast rate ventilation appears to have only limited success in suppressing respiratory activity in infants actively expiring against the ventilator.

Apnea↗
PubMed1986

Response to bronchodilators assessed by lung mechanics.

Abnormalities of compliance and functional residual capacity were shown in eight young children aged 2-8 years with asthma during an acute attack. In a randomised, placebo controlled study treatment with bronchodilator (salbutamol) was associated with a significant improvement in compliance and lessening of hyperinflation as shown by a reduction in functional residual capacity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Interaction between des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin and HLA class I molecules: serological detection of an HLA-A2 subtype.

Preincubation of lymphocytes with des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) inhibits the reaction between some HLA alloantisera and their corresponding antigens. One HLA-A2-specific antiserum was found which could detect a subtype of the HLA-A2 antigen on DT gamma E-treated lymphocytes from some donors. Comparison with the HLA-A2 subtypes as defined by a combination of cytotoxic T lymphocyte typing and biochemistry showed a complete correlation with the previously described HLA-A2.3 subtype.

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Can cardiac death be predicted from an ambulatory 24-hour ECG?

For the prediction of cardiac death significant prognostic information can be derived from ambulatory 24-hr ECGs when they are recorded on indication in the cardiological outpatient-clinic. In both CHD and non-CHD patients, ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are all of importance in the assessment of prognosis. These conclusions are based on a review of all 123 cardiac deaths and 433 randomly selected survivors from a cohort of 5095 patients who underwent 24-hr ECG-recording on clinical indication and whose survival status was ascertained 18 months after the recording date.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The therapeutic actions of theophylline in preterm ventilated infants.

40 preterm, ventilated infants (gestational ages 24-33 weeks) were entered into a double-blind randomised trial to assess the effect of oral theophylline on lung function and ventilator dependence. Theophylline administration was associated with a significant improvement in compliance (P less than 0.05) and hastened weaning from ventilation (P less than 0.01).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Clinical value of exercise testing in elderly patients.

Between 1978 and 1983, 1391 exercise tests were performed by 1083 males and 308 females over 64 years of age. This represents 17% of the total number of 8213 exercise tests. A history of myocardial infarction was present in 53% of the males and 30% of the females, while 12% of patients had previous heart surgery. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer with stepwise workload increments of 10 or 20 W min-1. In 10% of patients the physician stopped the test because of serious arrhythmias or abnormal blood pressure response. The test was terminated because of fatigue (40%), angina (12%), dyspnea (18%) or tired legs and claudicatio (18%). Peak workload averaged 115 W in males and 85 W in females, which corresponds to 120% of the predicted normal values. Heart rate increased on average to 130 beats min-1 and systolic blood pressure increased to 180 mmHg. ECG changes compatible with myocardial ischaemia were observed in 42% of patients. Although elderly patients constitute a small fraction of the population referred for exercise testing, these findings indicate that the clinical value of the test when performed is similar to that in younger patients. The observation that most patients achieved higher than 'normal' maximum workloads may be due to unreliability of the reference values.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Continuing education.

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Education, Nursing, Continuing↗