Oculomotor signals in medial longitudinal fasciculus of the monkey.
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Action Potentials↗
Biomedical subjects
J Pola
Publications and source records attributed to J Pola.
An explanation of eye movements seen in internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
Recent findings in experiments on monkeys show that a horizontal saccade is made by a pulse-step of neural activity, part of which rises to medial rectus (MR) motoneurons on the fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). If inhibitory as well as excitatory fibers run in the MLF, then the data show that each MLF must carry both the excitatory and inhibitory activity required for contralateral, horizontal saccades. Therefore, interruption of these fibers removes not only excitation from the ipsilateral MR but inhibition from the contralateral MR. Such a lesion also disturbs the correct relationship between the pulse and the step and creates abnormal saccades. These facts make it possible to explain why, in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, the eye on the side of the lesion adducts slowly and inadequately, while the opposite eye has nystagmus in abduction.
Abducens Nerve↗
Visual persistence: effects of flash luminance, duration and energy.
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Afterimage↗
Specific bronchial challenge in cockroach asthma.
Clinical characteristics of allergic asthma due to inhalation of cockroach antigens have been reported sporadically in the literature. To assess the patterns of bronchial response in cockroach asthma we performed bronchial provocation tests (BPT) with cockroach extract in 25 asthmatic patients who had positive skin test with this extract. Of 25 patients, 23 had cockroach-specific-IgE-antibodies. Seventeen subjects presented only immediate asthmatic reaction, five patients had dual response (immediate + late), and one patient developed only late asthmatic response. BPT were negative in two patients who did not have cockroach-specific-IgE-antibodies. These results indicate that BPT with cockroach antigen is a very specific test for cockroach asthma. It shows immediate, dual and late responses, and correlates well with the presence of specific IgE antibodies against this allergen.
Animals↗
Cockroach asthma: case report and literature review.
Among the different antigens, insects play an important role in the induction of allergic reactions. We report on a 12-year-old boy with family history of atopy, who developed symptoms of rhinitis and perennial asthma since the age of 5. Patient's symptomatology increased during pollination and kept close relationship to domestic antigens. A skin and inhalation test with an extract of domestic dust was positive. An investigation about potential allergens was initiated and the patient mentioned that was a significant amount of cockroaches at his home. Skin tests, RAST and bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave positive results. Bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave immediate and late responses, as has been evidenced by different authors. Immunotherapy has been successfully employed, partly due to the difficulties inherent to an efficient way of preventing insect contact. Improvement of symptomatology correlates well with blocking antibody production and the reduction in white cell sensitivity to the antigenic system. Finally, the potential relevance of cockroach hypersensitivity in our country be underlined. Cockroach sensitivity should be considered in every patient with perennial asthma, in which the usual allergens have been excluded.
Animals↗
Cockroach hypersensitivity in asthmatic patients.
Hypersensitivity to cockroach antigen has been recognized as an important cause of perennial allergic rhinitis and asthma. To assess the frequency of cockroach hypersensitivity in our country, 150 asthmatic atopic subjects were studied using skin testing and in vitro assays for cockroach-specific IgE antibodies (Oriental and German cockroaches). Twenty-two of 61 patients who had a positive history of cockroach exposure had positive skin tests, and only 3 of 89 patients who had no history of exposure had positive skin reactions. Of 25 patients with positive skin tests, 23 showed specific IgE antibodies against oriental and German cockroaches using RAST and EIA techniques. In summary, approximately 15% of asthmatic atopics in Madrid area are sensitive to cockroaches (positive skin test + specific IgE antibodies). These results indicate that cockroach hypersensitivity should be considered in every patient with perennial asthma.
Adolescent↗
Hereditary angioedema: a study of three families.
Familial angioedema is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease whose pathogenesis is attributed to a C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) deficit. Two genetic forms have been recognized related to the C1 inhibitor deficiency or its dysfunction. Antifibrinolytics as well as androgenic derivatives have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of this pathology. In this paper we present the studies carried out in three families affected by C1 inh. deficit and the treatment employed. Some of the members of these families showed symptoms related with this deficit. A satisfactory explanation has not been formulated to justify the reason why only some of the members in our study showed symptomatology, given that there were no differences between the C1 inh. levels in these patients and those who were not affected. The absence of family history connected with this disease does not necessarily suggest that a genetic mutation has been produced. This deficit could have been present in earlier generations but without clinical manifestations. Stanozolol proved effective in the control of symptoms in the two patients to whom this treatment was applied. However, the rise of C1 inh. levels was significative only in one of them. The lack of connection between the clinical improvement and the normalization of the C1 inh. levels led us to think that the main goal of the therapy should not be directed to the normalization of these levels but to keep the patient asymptomatic with the lowest possible doses of the selected medication.
Adult↗