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Biomedical subjects

J Poirier

Publications and source records attributed to J Poirier.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathology of the central nervous system in 40 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The central nervous system was examined in 40 AIDS patients who died between August 1982 and 1987. The cases included two children born to intravenous drug abusers and 38 male adults. The brains of eight patients who had no clinical or radiological evidence of central nervous system involvement showed non-specific changes which included microglial nodules, perivascular mononuclear cuffs, mineralization of blood vessels and granular ependymitis. In 32 brains from patients with neurological symptoms, toxoplasmosis was the most frequent finding (19 cases) manifested by multifocal, necrotic lesions or a diffuse pseudo-encephalitic process. Other opportunistic infections included cytomegalovirus (eight cases), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (two cases), cryptococcosis (one case), aspergillosis (one case), multiple bacterial microabscesses (one case) and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (one case). Two patients had cerebral lymphoma. Subacute encephalitis with white matter lesions and multinucleated giant cells characteristic of HIV infection was present in 15 cases. Various combinations of all these infections were encountered in the same brain, sometimes in the same area and, occasionally, in the same cell.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expanding cerebellar lacunes due to dilatation of the perivascular space associated with Binswanger's subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.

An 80-year-old hypertensive woman developed right hemiplegia and died 24 hours after admission. Neuropathologic examination revealed multiple cerebral infarcts of various ages and diffuse subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Clusters of asymptomatic "expanding" lacunes, due to dilatation of the perivascular spaces, were found in both dentate nuclei. These cavities, which presented as space-occupying lesions, were surrounded by a single layer of flattened cells and contained 1 or more sections of normal-looking arterioles. Such a topographic grouping of lacunes in the dentate nucleus has not been described previously. The mechanism of widening of the perivascular compartment remains unclear; its occurrence in a hypertensive patient and its association with typical Binswanger's subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy and severe atherosclerosis with multiple infarcts suggest a common pathophysiologic mechanism possibly including an alteration of the blood-brain barrier.

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Infiltrating extradural spinal angiolipoma.

BACKGROUND: Angiolipomas are considered to be rare. They are benign mesenchymal tumors generally located in the subcutaneous tissue of trunk and limbs. METHODS: The authors report a thoracic epidural angiolipoma mimicking a vertebro-epidural metastasis. The patient suffered from medullary compression related to an extradural mass in T6. RESULTS: Pathological ex-, amination was obtained from tumoral samples. They consisted of mature adipose tissue with numerous sections of abnormal vascular channels. CONCLUSIONS: Reviewing literature particular attention is paid to some questions raised in connection with different kinds of vertebro-epidural tumors. The authors give importance to relationships between angiolipomas and angiomyolipomas using MRI as a tool in differential diagnosis. Pathogenesis is evokated especially regarding the role of corticotherapy, the case herein reported lying within this therapeutical context.

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Intradural spinal lipoma of the conus medullaris without spinal dysraphism.

A 42-year-old man suffering from progressive left radicular sensory motor loss (L4 level) underwent neurosurgical repair. Neuroimaging (RMI) had led to the diagnosis of schwannoma of the filum terminale with lipomatous component. Histological examination visualized a true mature lipoma associated with numerous bundles of more or less dystrophic nerve fibers. This histological benign tumor raised the problem of the genesis of intradural lipomas of spinal cord.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intra-orbital Castleman's disease.

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative process found in either a focal or multicentric localization. Most cases occur as mediastinal and abdominal mass, although nodal and extranodal locations have been reported. Eleven cases of Castleman's disease involving the central nervous system have been reported, but only one is a proven instance of primary intra-orbital localization. The present report concerns a clinico-pathologic Castleman's disease case, to our knowledge the second orbital case described in the literature.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brainstem lesions due to granular ependymitis in symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm: a case report.

An 80 year-old man had symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasms for a few months. They were documented by radiographic, endoscopic and manometric findings. The post-mortem neuropathological examination showed a granular ependymitis of the fourth ventricle involving the dorsal region of the motor dorsal nuclei of the vagus nerve which showed frank neuronal loss. The muscular wall of the esophagus, its myenteric plexus and the fasciculi of the vagus nerve were histologically normal. This is the first published case of such a brainstem lesion associated with symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasms. These pathological data are compared with those already published on achalasia.

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Post-anoxic delayed encephalopathy with leukoencephalopathy and non-hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

A 74 year-old woman with an early-stage senile dementia developed severe hypertonia and akinetic mutism two weeks after exposure to methane. A CT scan showed a diffuse area of decreased density extending symmetrically into the white matter of both cerebral hemispheres. Neuropathology revealed a senile dementia, Alzheimer's type, with severe non-hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and a diffuse spotty demyelination of the cerebral hemispheres sparing the U fibers, corpus callosum and internal capsules. The close resemblance between Grinker's myelinopathy, secondary to CO exposure or to other non-CO anoxic causes, and the leukoencephalopathy associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy is emphasized.

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