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Biomedical subjects

J Poirier

Publications and source records attributed to J Poirier.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Luyso-pallido-nigral atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The clinical and pathologic findings in a 34-year-old woman with basal ganglia degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reported. The duration of symptoms was 2 years. A maternal uncle had a parkinsonian syndrome with onset at 45 years of age. Neuropathologic examination revealed extensive neuronal loss and gliosis in the corpus Luysii. Nerve cell loss and gliosis also involved both parts of the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra. The corticospinal tracts were demyelinated in the spinal cord, and neuronal loss was observed in the anterior horns. Only one similar case of pallido-luyso-nigral atrophy associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has, to our knowledge, been reported previously. Such an association may represent more than a coincidental occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presenting with respiratory insufficiency as the primary complaint. Clinicopathological study of a case.

A 59-year-old man presented with dyspnoea, hypersomnia followed by acute respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. There were no signs of cardiopulmonary disease and on the first few days, extubation was impossible. Further neurological evaluation supported the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The neuropathological examination corroborated this diagnosis, and showed a preponderance of lesions in the phrenic nuclei and axonal alterations associated with a fast evolution.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

France↗
PubMed1985

[The concept of cerebral lacunae from 1838 to the present].

The term lacunae was first used by Dechambre (1838) referring to small cavities developed during the process of resorption within cerebral softenings. Some years later, lacunae was applied by Durand-Fardel (1843) to small cavities located in the basal ganglia and hypothetically attributed to old, healed cerebral softenings. Durand-Fardel (1842, 1854) described "l'état criblé" as many round small holes ("criblures") always containing a patient blood vessel and located in the hemispheric white matter. He believed that "état criblé" was caused by mechanical compression of cerebral tissue related to the dilatation of the blood cerebral vessels during repetitive cerebral congestion. Chronic dementia or delirium were considered as the clinical counterpart of "état criblé". In the second half of the XIXth century, the few reports about lacunae were confusing due to the imprecise use of the terms "lacunae" and "état criblé". Furthermore, some authors described lacunae as sequelae of haemorrhage, others as old softenings or both. In the beginning of the XXth century, the masterly work of P. Marie (1901) established a clear distinction between the "foyers lacunaires de désintégration" and "état criblé" de Durand-Fardel or single perivascular dilatation of one of the lenticulo-striate arteries at its entrance into the lenticular nucleus or post-mortem charges (cerebral porosity, "état de fromage de gruyère"). He described lacunae as small cerebral softenings caused by occlusion of the blood vessels by a "local arteriosclerotic process". However, he also stated that some lacunae containing a patent blood vessel were due to a perivascular space dilatation destroying the adjacent brain parenchyma by a process of "destructive vaginalitis". Marie observed that lacunae were frequently clinically asymptomatic, but "that the hemiplegia of the old people was more often due to cerebral lacunae than to cerebral haemorrhage or softening". During the first half of the XXth century, all the papers devoted to cerebral lacunae were in accordance with the work of P. Marie, developing his own's contradictions. Many authors emphasized the "destructive vaginalitis way" and claimed that lacunae were dilatations of the perivascular spaces. Many other authors developed the "softening way" masterfully illustrated by Fisher who considered lacunae as small deep infarcts caused by a specific pathological process of lipohyalinosis due to arteriolar wall modification by hypertensive disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral lymphoma associated with lesions of multiple sclerosis].

A 24 year-old man experienced a left retrobulbar neuritis which improved completely after 2 months of non-steroid antiinflammatory therapy. One month after the end of the treatment he developed a Korsakoff-like amnestic syndrome. Three months later he complained of horizontal diplopia. A CT Scan showed a diffuse enhancement of the periventricular areas, corpus callosum and fornix. Diplopia and CT scan abnormalities disappeared after the administration of tetracosactide. Subsequently a progressive worsening of the neurological condition developed, including a 1 1/2 syndrome of Fisher. In C.S.F. proteins ranged from 35 to 66 mg/dl, gammaglobulins from 4 to 5 per cent, cells from 2.2 to 6.8 per mm3 without abnormal cells. Rounded areas of enhancement were observed on CT scan in pons and right occipital lobe. Usual biological tests, abdominal echography and lymphography were normal. Death occurred 15 months after the onset of symptoms. Neuropathological examination showed: 1) a cerebral lymphoma of probable B origin with distinct masses in right occipital lobe and pontine tegmentum and a more diffuse perivascular infiltration on the left side in the amygdaloid nucleus, fourth temporal gyrus, sublenticular area, hypothalamus and in the right internal capsule; 2) multiple small clear-cut foci of demyelination with myelin-axonal dissociation bilaterally in the optic pathways, periventricular regions, corona radiata, cerebral and cerebellar white matter, sublenticular areas, temporal lobes, splenium of the corpus callosum and fornices with secondary atrophy of the mamillary bodies. Both recent and old plaques were observed. Inflammatory perivascular cuffing, when present, consisted of small nontumoral lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electron-microscopic immunohistochemical study of the localization of immunoglobulin G in the choroid plexus of the rat.

The localization of autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied in the choroid plexus of Lewis rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This experiment was performed to study the permeability of the choroid plexus to intravascular IgG. It was shown that autologous IgG was present in the extravascular spaces. The transendothelial transfer appeared to occur mainly via the fenestrations and some interendothelial junctions. No transfer of IgG at the level of epithelial cells toward the cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated. Interstitial spaces in contact with the connective-tissue cells of the choroid stroma were strongly labeled. The significance of these spaces remains hypothetical and raises the question of the fate of IgG from the interstitial space.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Asymptomatic encephalic intraparenchymatous neuroepithelial cysts.

The authors report three cases of intraparenchymatous neuroepithelial cysts, which did not communicate with the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space. They were located in (1) the right frontal lobe, (2) the left cerebral peduncle and pons, and (3) the right cerebellar hemisphere. All of them were asymptomatic, despite their volume and location, and presented as incidental autopsy findings. A developmental origin is likely for these non-neoplastic cysts.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Necrotising leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment of childhood leukaemia.

Nine children treated for acute leukemia or lymphosarcoma developed subacute encephalopathy starting with listlessness, depression and impairment of speech. Walking difficulties, ataxia, spasticity and sphincter disorders developed later. Transient intracranial hypertension and abnormal movements respectively developed in two patients. EEG frontal slow waves, raised CSF protein, abnormal white matter radioisotope uptake and CT scan hypodensity with patchy contrast enhancement were evident at the onset. Later, dilated ventricles and calcification appeared in the younger patients. Post-mortem neuropathological studies of three patients disclosed predominantly perivascular myelin loss in areas of white matter necrosis, abnormalities of small vessels and numerous axonal swellings. The spinal cord showed secondary degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. Analysis of the aetiological factors in this series points to the prevailing danger of cranial radiotherapy, probably increased by the young age of patients and by associated drug administration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle: a clinicopathological report.

The clinical and computerized tomodensitometric data and postmortem examination findings from a case of xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle, producing hydrocephalus, are described. A review of 8 recently reported cases resembling ours shows that, on clinical and radiological grounds, third ventricle xanthogranulomas are usually indistinguishable from colloid cysts. From an embryologic and pathologic point of view, these entities seem also to be closely related.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Kaposi's disease and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a young man. Review of the literature apropos of a case].

We report a new case of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a 43 year-old white homosexual man, characterized by the association of disseminated cutaneo-mucous Kaposi's sarcoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis. This man had Kaposi's sarcoma for about 10 years but evolution became quickly extensive in July 1981. Chlorambucil was prescribed at that time and was the cause of a pancytopenia. Death occurred in July 1982 due to a cerebral mass identified as toxoplasmosis on a left temporal biopsy. This observation is typical of AIDS, a new syndrome which suddenly developed in the last 2 years in the United States in homosexual men, Haitians and hemophiliacs, and is characterized by disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and/or opportunistic infections, with a very high mortality rate. Severe toxoplasmosis of CNS has been reported in AIDS and appears to result from defects in cellular immunity which permit recrudescence of latent infection. Cerebral biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis as seroconversion occurs infrequently in immuno-suppressed hosts. AIDS appeared in Western Europe in 1982. Most of the cases were reported in France, Denmark, Belgium and Great Britain. These cases differ from reported cases in the USA: fewer drug or poppers users, fewer homosexual men, an important number of people having lived or travelled in the Kaposi's endemic area (Mediterranean basin and Central Africa). The immunological profile of patients presenting AIDS in Europe doesn't seem to differ from the american profile: serious cellular immunodeficiency and marked increase in the suppressor/cytotoxic cell population. As in the United States, one may suspect, among several hypotheses, that it is caused by one or several transmissible agents now present in France. The nature of these agents, transmissible by sexual contacts and blood, is not yet known: the role of the CMV is now less probable and most of the studies look for the role of other factors such as the HTLV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[Anatomo-radiological correlations in astrocytic cerebral tumors].

We have developed a method for creating brain slices in the same plane and intervals as pre-mortem CT scan images. Our experience with this very simple technique on 20 brains confirms the practicality, reliability and usefulness of this tool for correlating complex CT images with the pathologic anatomy. Corresponding case-material of cerebral astrocytomas with be presented.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1984

[Pedicled craniopharyngioma of the 3d ventricle].

A 62 year-old man suffered of headache and progressive walking difficulties for 4 years. Radiological examinations showed a calcified intraventricular tumor attached to the floor of the 3rd ventricle. Death, caused by septicemia, occurred before neurosurgery. On sagittal braincut the tumor appeared pediculated and was attached to the anterior part of the floor of the 3rd ventricle. The microscopic features were those of typical craniopharyngioma. The pedicle and the floor of the 3rd ventricule were devoid of tumoral cells. Numerous large vessels which originated in the basal leptomeninges were present in the ventricular floor and the pedicle and then branched out into the tumor. Pathologically proven purely intraventricular craniopharyngiomas have been seldom reported. To our knowledge an autopsy case of pediculated intraventricular craniopharyngioma has been previously described only once, without particular attention to the pedicle. The integrity of the floor of the 3rd ventricle constitutes the only feature that may differentiate with certainty an intraventricular extension of a suprasellar craniopharyngioma from a pure intraventricular form of this tumor.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Arteriovenous fistulae of the meninges draining into the spinal veins. A histological study of 28 cases.

The histological study of 28 cases of arteriovenous fistulae of the meninges draining into spinal veins, previously known as retromedullary arteriovenous malformations, has shown that the shunt is located inside the thickness of the dura mater. It is fed by a normal artery and drains through a single and abnormal vein. Our histological documents lead us to the conclusion that this entity is not a genuine arteriovenous malformation but, in all probability, an acquired lesion.

Adult↗