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Biomedical subjects

J Pintera

Publications and source records attributed to J Pintera.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Increasing trend of hyperbilirubinemia incidence in the blood donors population.

Blood donors' screening has been performed during the last twenty years and it has reached a considerable post-transfusion hepatitis prevention due to disqualifying hyperbilirubinemic donors. Since 1981, AST screening has been combined with the attention paid to bilirubin--conditioned plasma colour. In the following years a steep exponential increase of hyperbilirubinemic donors incidence has been observed from 1.3% in 1983 and 1984 to 4.0% in 1988. The possibilities of a relationship to hepatitis epidemic of the years 1979-80 or to other factors are discussed. The hyperbilirubinemias are suggested to be of a posthepatitic character, produced in the unrecognised hepatitis cases who had been subclinical at the time of the epidemic. More information is expected from the development of the trend in the next years.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1989

Ways of post-transfusion hepatitis prevention.

Methods of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) prevention including voluntary donorship, search for the carriers of specific HBV markers, for donors having impaired liver function tests, i. e. AST screening, ALT quantitation, and AST + bilirubin screening are discussed on the basis of twenty years' development of their effect on regional PTH incidence. A combination of AST + bilirubin screening has been found to prevent 66% of PTH incidence in the year 1984 and on average 49% during the five years through 1988, disqualifying only 1-3% of donors, and avoiding wastage of blood through its performance before blood unit collection. A comparison with the data of Hollinger et al. about ALT quantitation suggests that the sources of PTH removed by either of the two preventive methods are different and that an improved effect could be therefore obtained by their combination.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1986

Post-transfusion hepatitis. Sudden drop of its incidence associated with hyperbilirubinemic donors disqualification.

The lacking impact of various precautions on the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) in the last 15 years is presented. In 1984, however, PTH dropped from 0.12 to 0.04%. This PTH drop did not coincide with the disqualification of HBsAg carriers, nor with that of high ALT, nor with the introduction of complete voluntary donorship in 1982, but with the systematic exclusion of hyperbilirubinemic donors. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in 28.9% of PTH compromised donors, and CIC are therefore supposed to be a marker of PTH risk even if HBsAg was not demonstrable. Re-examining donors compromised in 120 PTH found 12.4% HBsAg carriers who had not been detected by CIEP prior to the transfusions. Accumulation of more than one HBsAg positive transfusion in 56.5% of the PTH patients suggests a cumulative effect. The inability of specific tests to identify sources of infection in 50% of PTH suggests that doubts must be raised as to their post-transfusional origin. This thesis is also supported by the relative increase of this group after the considerable drop of PTH. The importance of viral sources non-B and B undetectable by sensitive specific methods must be emphasized. The latter is in accordance with the observed PTH drop due to a non-specific marker effect. The bilirubin level screening in each donor before stored blood collection is recommended by means of the described extended AST screening test and, besides HBsAg screening, this is supposed to be the most effective precaution for preventing PTH.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1983

High-titered anti-HBs plasma donors--another form of post-hepatitic immunopathy syndrome.

In the population of 55 high-titered anti-HBs donors only 23 tolerated plasmapheretic collections without intermittent elevations or ALT activity. In 4 persons a RIA-detected HBsAg circulated along with high-titered anti-HBs. In 73.8% of donors anti-HBs was accompanied by an anti-HBe antibody which also appeared in the HBIG preparation HEPAGA and can perhaps participate on its protective influence. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in 89.1%. No HBsAg, HBeAg, or albumin were detected in CIC isolated from anti-HBs sera in spite of their content in CIC isolated from HBsAg carriers. Thus, CIC carriers found in normal population with a prevalence of 1.0% can be divided into 0.6% of HHsAg-containing CIC and 0.4% of HBsAg-lacking CIC carriers with anti-HBs attesting the hepatitic origin in a considerable part of them. The continuing production of alienated CIC-forming antigens and a common origin combine these two forms of post-hepatitic development to a syndrome of post-hepatitic immunopathy which seems to be the most frequent source of CIC in a normal population. All the donors and HEPAGA were anti-HBc positive, as well, but this antibody possessed the IgM character only in 4.3% of the donors. Mean serum ferritin levels in the anti-HBs donors were distinctly higher than those found in normal populations of both men and women but the differences were statistically not significant due to high variability.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

Albumin interaction with HBsAg as one of the possible sources of the polyethylene glycol "immune complexes" turbidity in hepatitis B.

The reported discrepancies between detection of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) by complement activation markers and by polyethylene glycol (PEG) turbidity tests suggested the possibility that PEG turbidity in hepatitis B is formed not only by HBsAg-immunoglobulin CIC but also by complexes formed on interaction of HBsAg with polymerized albumin. This hypothesis is supported by a correlation of HBsAg with the presence of albumin in the turbidities isolated from HBsAg positive and negative sera by the same procedure by which CIC had been detected. The existence of several sources of PEG turbidity specific for hepatitis B, e. g. HBeAg/anti-HBe; albumin/HBsAg; and others makes these methods most appropriate for screening blood donors and testing for residual abnormalities in sera from apparently normal people.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1981

Screening for circulating immune complexes in blood donors as an effective method of further HBsAg carriers detection.

The loss of counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIEP) HBsAg reactivity resulting from circulating immune complexes (CIC) formation, observed earlier, prompted us to evaluation the CIC screening in blood donors as an aid in HBsAg detecting. CIC were examined by means of a simple screening modification of the Pegikem test. Among 2.150 normal blood donors there were 21 (0.98%) CIC carriers found, in 13 (61.90%) of them HBsAg was then proved by means of a third generation test. In this population, CIC presence indicated twice as many HBsAg carriers as the CIEP. HBsAg is evidently a very important source of CIC in normal population. The CIC presence is supposed to be a good indicator of HBsAg as well. Therefore, before being accepted as blood donors, CIC carriers should be tested by sensitive test for HBsAg presence.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1978

Protein cross-match test for the diagnosis and prevention of reactions after the transfusion of blood and cryoprecipitate.

The examination by means of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for protein incompatibility of the serum of 62 patients who developed an allergic or pyretic post-transfusion reaction revealed incompatibility in 23 cases (37.2%). It was due to the presence of antibodies in 8 recipients (34.8%) and in 15 blood donors (65.2%). The incidence was significantly higher than in a control group of transfused patients who did not develop a reaction. In this group protein incompatibility was found in only 14.7%, 80% of which was due to antibodies in the recipient. In 13 (56.5%) of the patients with reactions agglutinating, cytotoxic or complement fixing antibodies against cellular antigens or IgG were found in addition to protein incompatibility. In 10 cases (43.5%) protein incompatibility was the only explanation for the clinical symptoms. When, in the treatment of multiply transfused haemophiliacs who regularly developed adverse reactions, donors for the preparation of cryoprecipitate were selected by means of the described technique, the almost obligatory reactions were prevented.

Antibodies↗