Biomedical subjects

J Pineda

Publications and source records attributed to J Pineda.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium egg distribution in the human lower urinary tract. II. Obstructive uropathy.

In a series of 32 unselected consecutive autopsies of Egyptian male adults, we found a significant prevalence of schistosomal obstructive uropathy (SOU) and of precursor lesions of stenosis, fibrosis and induration of the ureters (62.5%). Lower urinary tracts with obstructive uropathy had a significantly higher total egg burden (TEB) than did lower urinary tracts with any other type of gross lesion (i.e., benign prostatic hypertrophy, other urethral outlet obstruction, or SOU precursor lesions). In turn, lower urinary tracts with any type of gross change had higher egg burdens than did tracts which appeared grossly normal. Lower urinary tracts with any type of gross lesion had significantly larger seminal vesicles than did tracts which were grossly normal. Moreover, relative weight of seminal vesicles could be correlated with the S. haematobium egg burdens in the seminal vesicles. In a series of lower urinary tracts taken from unselected consecutive American autopsies, seminal vesicle weight could be correlated with increase in prostatic weight in those tracts with prostatic hypertrophy; the same correlation could not be found in tracts without prostatic hypertrophy. Thus, seminal vesicle hypertrophy appears to correlate with obstructive uropathy in general, not solely obstructive uropathy of schistosomal origin. Digital evaluation of seminal vesicle size may be useful in the clinical evaluation of such patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Spatial relationship of steroid and cofactor at the active site of human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase.

Two affinity-labeling steroids (2-bromo[2'-14C]acetamidoestrone methyl ether and 16 alpha-bromo[2'-14C]acetoxyestradiol 3-methyl ether) which bear their reagent groups on the A- and D-ring of the molecule, respectively, and which are both substrates, have been used to elucidate spatial relationships of steroid and cofactor as they undergo the reversible binding step at the active site of human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase. The 2-derivative alkylates its evolutive cofactor (NADH) in the presence of the enzyme but not in the absence of enzyme. The rate of cofactor alkylation increases with increasing quantities of enzyme and is slowed by estrone which competes for the enzyme-active site. To the contrary, the 16 alpha-derivative does not detectably alkylate its evolutive cofactor (NAD+). The product of cofactor alkylation by 2-bromoacetamidoestrone methyl ether was treated to effect hydrolytic removal of the adenine moiety from the remainder of the cofactor, reduction of the steroid 17-keto group, and crystallization. The final crystalline product has been identified as 2-[2'-6N-adenyl]acetamidoestradiol 3-methyl ether (IUPAC name: N-(3-methoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-2-yl)-2-(purin-6-ylamino) acetamide) by ultraviolet, infrared, NMR, and mass spectral analysis.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1979

Changes in human amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and dipalmitoyl lecithin associated with maternal betamethasone therapy.

In an effort to understand the biochemical changes responsible for the decreased incidence of neonatal RDS observed in premature infants delivered after maternal glucocorticoid therapy we have compared quantitative changes in L/S ratio and qualitative changes in dipalmitoyl lecithin in serial amniotic fluid samples from 20 pregnant women treated with betamethasone and 11 patients who had repeated amniocentesis at similar gestational age but did not receive glucocorticoids. Initial L/S ratio values were not significantly different between treated (1.24 +/- 0.24 [S.D.]) and control (1.09 +/- 0.29 [S.D.]) groups but the values obtained within 1 week after therapy (1.49 +/- 0.21 [S.D.]) were significantly higher (t=3.8; p less than 0.01) than those obtained after a similar period in the untreated group (1.24+/- 0.29 [S.D.]). However, only one of the treated patients reached a mature L/S ratio (2.0 or more). Simultaneously, 10 of 17 treated patients exhibited increases in the amount of dipalmitoyl lecithin within the first week after treatment, wheras no change was detected in serial samples from six control patients (p = 0.016). These results indicate that qualitative changes in amniotic fluid lecithin composition are a part of the fetal response to glucocorticoids which may be responsible for the decreased incidence of RDS observed after treatment.

Amniocentesis↗

PubMed1978

Correlation between amniotic fluid optical density, L/S ratio, and fetal pulmonary maturity.

The correlation between lecithin/sphyngomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) and amniotic fluid optical density at 400 (OD400) and 650 (OD650) nm was studied with 102 samples of fluid obtained from 72 patients. The accuracy of each method in predicting the respiratory outcome of the newborn was also evaluated in 28 patients who delivered within 48 hours after amniocentesis. Results indicate that the correlation between spectrophotometric analysis and L/S ratio is poor and that the latter is a better predictor of neonatal respiratory outcome. It is concluded that measurements of amniotic fluid optical density are not an acceptable substitute for the L/S ratio in evaluating fetal pulmonary maturity.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1978

Aortic stenosis and pregnancy.

Pregnancy in patients with aortic stenosis results in a maternal mortality rate of 17.4% and perinatal mortality rate of 31.6%. Medical treatment, valve replacement and termination of pregnancy are the main modes of therapy. The number of cases reported in the literature is small, and the indications for selecting one method of management over the others have not been established. A case is presented that illustrate some of the difficulties encountered in the management of these patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

New diagnostic tests of GH reserve.

Pharmacological tests are essential for the diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) insufficiency. Obesity is a pathological state associated with blunted GH response to all the classical stimuli tested. In the present study, three new pharmacological stimuli for GH reserve were evaluated in three groups of subjects: Normal, GH-insufficient and normal growing obese children. Dexamethasone provokes a clear GH-response in normal children, whereas the response in the other 2 groups of patients is significantly diminished. Galanin-induced GH-secretion is significantly higher in normal than in obese children. GHRP-6 causes a potent GH release in normal children, higher than in GH-insufficiency or obesity. The overlap shown between GH-insufficient patients and normal children reduces the usefulness of the tests. Similar to the classical stimuli, the response to these new tests is also decreased in obesity.

Dexamethasone↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A new method of administration of budesonide powder for the treatment of allergic rhinitis].

The efficacy and safety of a new device for administering powdered budesonide in allergic rhinitis was evaluated. This method eliminates the disadvantages of traditional preparations and improves dosing and administration, even at low nasal flow rates. A randomized, controlled, single-blind study was made in 66 patients with allergic rhinitis, half of whom were assigned to the experimental treatment (powdered budesonide) and half to a standard aerosol. Results showed that both preparations were very effective (p < 0.01) in controlling rhinitis symptoms and not significantly different. However, the overall patient evaluation was significantly better (p < 0.01) in the group treated with powdered budesonide. Both treatments elicited a similar tolerance, although tolerance of powdered budesonide was slightly better. To conclude, treatment with the new powdered budesonide dispenser was as effective and well-tolerated as standard treatment, and better accepted by patients.

Adult↗