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Biomedical subjects

J Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to J Phillips.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sartre and psychoanalysis.

Why read Sartre? Such is the question which is addressed in this article. In a series of publications, principally his monumental Being and Nothingness (1943), the French philosopher of existentialism challenged traditional psychoanalysis with his "existential psychoanalysis." It has remained a matter of debate whether Sartre's alternative approach to the analysis of human motivation and behavior has any value for the psychoanalytic therapist or theorist. In recent publications two clinicians, Charles Hanly (1979) and Richard Chessick (1984), who have read Sartre extensively, respond negatively, arguing that there is nothing productive in Sartre's challenge to Freudian psychoanalysis. In this article I would like to take issue with that point of view and argue that there is indeed much to be gained from reading Sartre, that the challenge which he poses to traditional psychoanalytic thinking with his "existential psychoanalysis" is in fact a productive one for the contemporary clinician and theorist.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose relative biological effectiveness and toxicity studies under conditions of hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen.

An approach to using hyperbaric oxygen with radiation in a clinical situation has been described in the preceding paper in this issue. To ascertain whether there might be a change in the relative biological effectiveness of radiation on normal mammalian tissue treated under conditions of hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen, the acute reaction to radiation of pig skin was studied. A single dose enhancement ratio at the erythema reaction level of 1.4 +/- 0.08 was obtained when compared with irradiation at normal body temperature in air. We studied also a series of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and lung after exposure to hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen. Enzyme changes were such as to combat oxygen toxicity which might develop as a result of the pre-treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Biosynthesis of gangliosides in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Determination of the net synthesis of individual gangliosides by incorporation of labeled N-acetylmannosamine.

The ganglioside content of rat hepatocytes increases several-fold during the first 6 days in monolayer culture. To correlate increased levels with rates of de novo synthesis, the incorporation of N-acetyl-[6-3H]D-mannosamine into individual gangliosides was determined. The calculation of synthetic rates was made possible by the simultaneous measurement of the specific radioactivity of the immediate sialic-acid donor, CMP-Neu5Ac. The CMP-Neu5Ac content of hepatocytes was found by HPLC analysis to be 30.5 nmol/g of plated cells. The specific radioactivity of this precursor pool reached a constant plateau 5 h after addition of the labeled N-acetyl-mannosamine and remained constant for at least 70 h. The incorporation into individual gangliosides was measured in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes between 72 and 144 h after seeding. During this period, the increase in ganglioside levels was greatest. The highest rates of incorporation were seen in GD1a followed by GM3, GM1, GD3 and the polysialylated compounds. The following rates of synthesis (nmol per 60 h and mg of protein) were calculated: GD1a 0.68, GM3 0.59, GM1 0.36, GD3 0.13 and GT1 0.02. These values are compared with the net increase of the gangliosides as measured by the resorcinol reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Peak cerebrospinal fluid platinum levels in a patient with ependymoma: evaluation of two different methods of cisplatin administration.

Peak CSF and serum platinum levels were examined in a patient with ependymoma after each of four consecutive cisplatin doses of 100 mg/m2 administered by either 30-minute or 3-hour infusion. Both infusion lengths produced similar peak CSF platinum levels within 2 hours after the completion. Ultrafiltrate serum platinum levels correlated with the CSF platinum levels, whereas total plasma platinum did not. No differences in clinical toxicity or response were seen between the two methods of administration. Based on these preliminary results, similar peak CSF platinum concentrations are achieved by 30-minute or 3-hour infusions, and ultrafiltrate serum platinum concentrations can be used to predict these levels.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Toxicity of D-galactosamine for rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture.

Hepatocellular injury was induced by exposure of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes to 4 mM D-galactosamine. The cell damage was very similar to that seen in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver, both in biochemical and in structural terms. The severity of the lesions caused by D-galactosamine was dependent on the age of the culture being treated. Less severe damage was found with older cultures. Since the primary metabolic effects of D-galactosamine were age-independent, the reduction in cell damage seems to be due to progressive cell dedifferentiation. Dexamethasone (1 microM) suppressed the full development of the injury, while 1 microM triiodo-L-thyronine enhanced it. A protection of hepatocytes by alpha 2-macroglobulin against the effects of D-galactosamine could be observed neither in vivo nor in vitro. Direct cytotoxic effects of endotoxin from Salmonella minnesota R 595 could be demonstrated only on hepatocytes in the early phases of primary culture using rather high doses of the purified lipopolysaccharide. It is unlikely that they play a major role in the hepatocellular injury seen following endotoxinemia in vivo. Lowering of extracellular Ca2+ concentration and additions of calcium/calmodulin inhibitors did not prevent cell injury after treatment with D-galactosamine. The results suggest that cell death is not due to an increased influx of Ca2+ into the cells.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

Content and accessibility of sialic acid on the surface of rat hepatocytes during primary culture.

The content and accessibility of terminal sialic acid and galactose residues of rat hepatocytes in primary culture were determined by in situ labeling using either periodate or sialidase/galactose oxidase treatment followed by sodium borotritiide reduction. Rat erythrocytes which were used for comparison showed a strongly enhanced tritium incorporation into galactose after sialidase treatment. In contrast, with freshly prepared rat hepatocytes only a small amount of galactose labeling was achieved after sialidase treatment. The amount of galactose labeled following sialidase treatment increased with time in culture up to day 6 and roughly paralleled the increase of the total sialic acid content. Major changes of sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates were restricted to the gangliosides. There was a transient drop in surface labeling of ganglioside-associated sialic acid on the first day in culture. The specific radioactivity of the in situ-tritiated ganglioside-sialic acid also fell by 50% in this period. Between day 2 and 4, there was an increase in gangliosidesialic acid labeling but the specific radioactivity of the sialic acid remained constant. This indicates that newly synthesized gangliosides but not the preexisting ones were accessible to periodate oxidation. The data allow conclusions about turnover and topology of the sialic acid-containing glycolipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Age- and hormone-dependent ganglioside patterns of rat hepatocytes in primary culture.

Using an improved procedure for the quantitative extraction of all glycolipids from small tissue samples the hepatic ganglioside pattern of rats was analysed during development. While this parameter remained fairly constant in adult animals, hepatocytes in primary culture showed drastic changes both in content and relative distribution among the various ganglioside species. The content of lipid-bound sialic acid increased several-fold during 6 days in monolayer and the pattern changed in favour of the higher sialylated forms. Dexamethasone delayed this transition and enhanced the content of GD1a and GM1 relative to GM3. The ganglioside content was also dependent on the density of hepatocytes in the primary culture. If the cell density was insufficient for formation of a confluent monolayer, higher ganglioside-sialic acid contents were found and the relative amount of GD3 increased after 3-4 days. These results support the notion that gangliosides are involved in cellular differentiation and cell-cell contact.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Transfer factor for the treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis.

Transfer factor was obtained from four patients having recovered from acute type-B viral hepatitis. It was replicated in vitro using the LDV/7 lymphoblastoid cell line. This in vitro-produced transfer factor specific for hepatitis B (TFdL-H) was administered to 10 randomly selected patients with biochemically and histologically proven HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) at 15-day intervals over a 6-month period. In three out of four initially HBeAg-positive patients, anti-HBe antibodies appeared when the HBeAg disappeared. In one of these patients and in two other HBsAg-positive patients, the appearance of anti-HBs antibodies was noted. The improvement in several biochemical parameters of the TFdL-H patients was statistically significant when compared with those of another group of 10 randomly selected untreated CAH patients. Liver biopsies in six out of eight treated patients showed a histological improvement at the end of the treatment. These results suggest that TFdL-H may be used with beneficial effect for the treatment of HBsAg-positive CAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Transfer of reactivity with in vitro produced transfer factor in rhesus and owl monkeys.

Transfer factors against two heterologous antigens, Herpesvirus saimiri and owl monkey kidney cells, were replicated in vitro in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (LDV/7) and injected into rhesus and owl monkeys. Transfer of immunity was demonstrated by the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. This study suggests that heterologous transfer factor, replicated in vitro, can transfer cellular immunity against membrane antigens in rhesus and owl monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor].

Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to 10 months period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex virus of type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment was capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and frequency of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that specific transfer factor administered orally could be an effective treatment of herpes infections.

Adult↗