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Biomedical subjects

J Petit

Publications and source records attributed to J Petit.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Two-dimensional echocardiography in subvalvular aortic stenosis. Apropos of 20 cases].

Twenty cases of discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in children aged from 8 months to 23 years were examined by 2-dimensional echocardiography and cineangiography. Fifteen of these patients subsequently underwent open heart surgery to relieve the obstruction. In 18 cases the obstacle was a fixed stenosis (13 type I, 3 type II and 2 type III) and in two cases, the obstacle was provoked by accessory tissues of the anterior mitral leaflet. The echocardiographic incidences used were the left parasternal long axis, the apical LAO-equivalent, and longitudinal and transverse subcostal views. In type I, fixed subvalvular stenosis, one fine abnormal echo was visualised in the left ventricular outflow tract throughout the cardiac cycle immediately below the aortic valve, best seen on apical views. Twelve of the 13 stenoses of this type were demonstrated by 2D echocardiography. In type II stenosis an abnormal thickened echo was visualised in the left ventricular outflow tract at a distance from the aortic cups. The adherence of this abnormal echo to the anterior mitral leaflet was best demonstrated by apical views. All three cases of this type were demonstrated by echocardiography. Type III stenosis was characterised by widespread narrowing of the subaortic region with irregular borders. Obstruction due to accessory tissues of the anterior mitral leaflet were well demonstrated in left parasternal long axis and apical views. They showed an even rounded mass of echos attached to the anterior aspect of the anterior leaflet prolapsing into the left ventricular outflow tract. Both cases in this series were diagnosed by 2D echocardiography. Therefore, 2D echocardiography with apical and subcostal views is a valuable method for diagnosing subvalvular aortic stenosis and for determining its anatomical type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Bilateral renal malacoplakia. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a very rare case of malacoplakia affecting both the bladder and the upper urinary tract bilaterally. Attempts at treatment failed and autopsy confirmed the existence of pseudo-tumoral malacoplakia of the kidneys and urinary tract with multiple lymph node sites and pulmonary involvement. This is followed by a review of the literature and a pathogenic study.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Vitamin B12 deficiency in chronic atrophic gastritis. 3 cases (author's transl)].

The megaloblastic anaemia observed in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is usually due to malabsorption of vitamin B12. In some cases, the absence of intrinsic factor supports the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia but other factors, the importance of which varies from case to case, are also involved. They include proliferation of bacteria in the lumen of the gut, intestinal cell abnormalities resulting from lack of vitamin B12 and low hydrochloric acid output with subsequent reduction in the release of vitamin B12 from foodstuffs. With regard to treatment, it would seem justified to combine oral broad-spectrum antibiotics with parenteral administration of vitamin B12.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1981

[The surgical treatment of incontinence in the male (author's transl)].

The authors undertake a complete review of the various techniques used for the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence in the male. Urethral repair (Young operation) has been abandoned. Creation of a smooth muscle sphincter in bladder gives approximately 32% continence. Use of the anal sphincter to ensure continence of the urethra gives approximately 60% good results. Urethral or bladder neck suspension by aponeurotic strips have given only 42% good results. Perineal muscular plasty procedures resulting a certain compression of the urethra have given approximately 68% good results. Perineal prostheses, despite a certain number of complications (fistulae, infections, urethral erosions) give 37% good results when all the published series are grouped together. Continence prostheses (Scott or Rosen) have given the same percentage of favourable results: 60%. In this review, the authors report the 13 operations which they have performed with insertion of a Kaufmann prosthesis with, in the long term, 6 continent patients out of the 13. Radiological analysis of micturition in these patients with a good result would appear to suggest to the authors that the Kaufmann prosthesis does not act only by simple compression of the urethra but provides a still tonic urethra with a support which enables it to play a role in continence. So much so that the prior study of the efficacy of urethral compression could be used to choose between the insertion of a Kaufmann prosthesis or the immediate recourse to artificial sphincters.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis and localization of ventricular septal defects by two-dimensional echocardiography. 50 cases].

A series of 50 children aged between 1 month and 15 years old, with ventricular septal defects (VSD) were investigated by two-dimensional sector scanning and cineangiography. Fifty other children of the same age group with congenital heart disease without VSD were also investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography and angiography. No VSDs were diagnosed by echocardiography in children with angiographically intact inter ventricular septa. In the group with VSD, two-dimensional echo localised with precision: --36 membranous VSDs (36/36) --5 infundibular VSDs (5/6) --2 isolated muscular VSDs (2/2) --I atrioventricular canal type VAD (I/I) --3 multiple VSDs (3/5). The subcostal view was the most useful for visualising the VSD in 49 out of 50 cases. The parasternal views only showed the VSD in 23 cases, and the apical views only in II cases. The dimensions of the left heart chambers and the movement of the interatrial septum gave an indication of the volume of the left-to-right shunt. Dilatation of the left heart chambers and bowing of the interatrial septum into the right atrium in systole were observed in all cases where QP/QS greater than 2, except when there was an associated atrial septal defect. Two-dimensional echo also detected associated lesions: pulmonary stenosis (9/9), prolapse of an aortic valve cusp (4/5), atrial septal defect (2/2), stradling of the tricuspid valve (I/2). Two-dimensional echocardiographic short axis subcostal views are reliable in the detection and localisation of VSD. Nevertheless, trabecular and apical VSDs are particularly difficult to visualise and the use of pulsed Doppler coupled with two-dimensional echocardiography should enhance the sensitivity in diagnosing this type of VSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis of a complete atrioventricular canal with infundibular pulmonary stenosis and left superior vena cava by 2-dimensional contrast echocardiography. Apropos of a surgically treated case].

The case of an eight year old child with complete atrioventricular canal, pulmonary infundibular stenosis and persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus is reported. Two-dimensional echocardiography with injection of contrast in a left arm vein gave a precise and complete diagnosis of the malformations before catheterisation and angiography. The complete atrioventricular canal was demonstrated by apical four-chamber views. The pulmonary infundibular stenosis was visualised by a short axis subcostal view. Contrast echocardiography in the apical four-chamber view showed a right-to-left shunt at atrial level at the site of the ostium primum and a right-to-left shunt at ventricular level just below the hemivalve. The left superior vena cava was detected by a short axis suprasternal view which visualised its vertical trajectory as far as the coronary sinus. The lesions were confirmed at surgery, and a complete repair was performed.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1981

[Female epispadias (author's transl)].

The authors report a rare malformation : a minor form of epispadias responsible for urinary stress incontinence. This incontinence was present during childhood, disappeared during adolescence and recurred following several pregnancies. The diagnosis was made on the basis of separation of the labia minora combined with apparent absence of the clitoris. The authors report a perfect result with a two year follow-up, obtained by V-Y plasty of the bladder neck associated with aponeurotic suspension using the technique of Gobbel-Stoeckel. The risk of increasing existing reflux led to the performance at the same time of a bilateral anti-reflux operation by advancement. This case is of interest by virtue of its rarity.

Epispadias↗
PubMed1980

Mass fragmentographic determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine in biological fluids.

The method presented for the simultaneous determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine, uses mass-fragmentography in the electron impact (EI) mode, after the gas chromatographic separation of butylated derivatives. Butylation, rather than methylation, is used in order to avoid interference coming from exogenous caffeine, which is frequently encountered. [7,9-15N]Xanthine is used as the internal standard, and for each sample, a blank is obtained by xantine oxidase reaction. In the biological fluids studied the sensitivity was about 50 ng/ml.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1980

[Tienilic acid-induced hepatitis associated with liver/kidney microsomal antibody (author's transl)].

Six patients developed acute, subacute or chronic hepatitis after taking tielinic acid, a new diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension. Two died of acute liver failure. The condition was characterized by marked increase in serum transaminases, parenchymal necrosis and portal and/or lobular inflammatory fibrosis. In addition, the serum of all patients contained high titers of a liver/kidney microsomal antibody, which disappeared either after tienilic acid was discontinued or after prednisolone was introduced. The study shows that tienilic acid may be responsible for acute or chronic hepatitis and suggests that a liver/kidney microsomal antibody could be a sero-immunological marker of drug-induced liver disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Glycogen-depletion method of intrafusal distribution of gamma-axons that increase sensitivity of spindle secondary endings.

1. The glycogen-depletion method was used in cat tenuissimus muscles to investigate whether the action of static gamma-axons that increase the sensitivity of spindle secondary endings to muscle length is associated with a specific pattern of distribution of these axons to intrafusal muscle fibers. 2. In each experiment, a single gamma-axon acting on a secondary ending of a precisely located spindle was repetitively stimulated, and subsequently the intrafusal muscle fibers of that spindle were examined for glycogen depletion. 3. The gamma-axons whose repetitive stimulation increased the length sensitivity of secondary endings depleted all the chain fibers in one or both poles of the spindle, with the bag fibers being inconstantly involved. The gamma-axons whose stimulation did not exert this effect produced much more restricted patterns of glycogen depletion. 4. The length sensitivities of two secondary endings belonging to the same spindle were similarly affected by a single gamma-axon, whereas a gamma-axon could increase the sensitivity of a secondary ending without altering that of the primary ending of the same spindle. 5. The action exerted by single gamma-axons on secondary endings appears related to their intrafusal distribution since enhancement of the secondary endings sensitivity was observed only when all the chain fibers of at least one spindle pole were activated. 6. If several static gamma-axons supplying a given spindle are firing together, an increase in the length sensitivity of the secondary endings of that spindle can be expected since probably all chain fibers are activated.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Resolution of scleroderma renal crisis with thrombotic microangiopathy. Case report (author's transl)].

Renal involvement is a common cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (diffuse scleroderma). The poor prognosis is due to malignant hypertension and rapid deterioration of renal function. Therefore bilateral nephrectomy followed by hemodialysis and transplantation are proposed to avoid fatal outcome. The authors describe the case of a 37 year-old male suffering from diffuse scleroderma, and who developed malignant hypertension and renal failure. The renal biopsy and biological investigations showed thrombotic microangiopathy. The plasma renin activity was in a very high range. Control of hypertension and improvement of renal function were obtained by major antihypertensive drugs, i.e. intra-muscular clonidine, propranolol and dihydralazine. 14 months later, plasma creatinine is 2 mg/100 ml and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. This case and similar ones reviewed in the literature demonstrate that bilateral nephrectomy should be performed in "scleroderma renal crisis" only after failure of very potent antihypertensive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Uretero-uterine fistula after caesarian section. A report on one case (author's transl)].

The authors report a new case of uretero-uterine fistula and on this basis review the 9 other publications devoted to this subject since 1971. In their own case, the diagnosis was based upon the clinical picture only : permanent flow of urine through the uterine cervix with persistence of normal micturation and left lumbar pain following a caesarian section. Uretero-pyelo-calyceal distension proximal to a low pelvic ureteric stenosis visible by IVU was confirmed by RUP which succeeded in opacifying only the final 3 cm of the ureter. Only peroperative opacification of the ureter showed the fistula tract with the uterus. This was successfully treated by uretero-vesical reimplantation into a psoas bladder. Review of the literature revealed the following points : --The ureter is damaged by blind haemostasis of bleeding at the lateral angle of the hysterotomy, most often on the left, as a result of dextrorotation. --Clinical features consist of the urinary fistula, pain and infectious complications with upper urinary excretory tract obstruction. --The ureteric lesion is situated very low down, between 2 and 4 cm above the ureteric meatus. --Uretero-vesical reimplantation into a tubular vesical flap or a psoas bladder ensures treatment when the kidney remains functional. --The prevention of such lesions may be summarised very briefly : beware of the ureter at the lateral angles of hysterotomy for caesarian section.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Rénal oxalic and gallbladder lithiasis after ileal resection for Crohn's disease: a report on one case (author's transl)].

The authors report the association, in a 64-year old man with previous large ileal resection (110 cm) for Crohn's disease, of gallstone and oxalate renal stones. The oxaluria was 60 mg per day (normal, less than 25 mg) and the fecal fat excretion was 50 g per day (normal, less than 6 g). A low--oxalate and--fat diet for 3 months reduced dramatically the steatorrhea, but was totally ineffective for the reduction of hyperoxaluria. The physiopathological mechanisms and the therapeutic consequences of these metabolic complications of ileal resections are discussed.

Celiac Disease↗