Functional evaluation of the pes anserinus transfer by electromyography and gait analysis.
The effectiveness of the pes anserinus transfer, proposed by Slocum and Larson to control anteromedial rotatory instability of the knee, depends on the pes anserinus muscles contracting at times when the instability threatens the patient's function. To examine the activity of the transferred pes anserinus muscles, quantitated dynamic electromyography, isometric testing of muscle strength, and gait-analysis techniques were employed. Seven normal subjects and nine patients who had undergone pes anserinus transfer for anteromedial rotatory instability were tested. In contrast to the normal subjects, who demonstrated pes anserinus muscle activity primarily during swing phase, the patients displayed conspicuous activity of the semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius tendons during stance phase. Quantitated electromyography indicated that the pes anserinus muscles worked harder in the patients than in the normal subjects, and more effort was required from the muscles of patients with poor results than from those of patients with good results. All of the patients also demonstrated reduction of single-limb support time, as well as a shorter stride length and reduced gait velocity. We concluded that the pes anserinus transfer is kinetically sound. Since instability of the knee is a functional defect that is present during stance, the finding of marked activity of the pes anserinus muscles during stance phase in the patients but not in the normal subjects suggests that these muscles were being used to control the instability.