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J Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to J Pedersen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An ethological description of depression.

During the last 20 years ethological psychiatric research has developed a working method for the systematic and quantitative recording and analysis of the nonverbal behaviour of psychiatric patients in their actual hospital environment. In this study this method was used to follow changes in the behaviour pattern of 5 depressed, hospitalized patients during their entire hospital stay. Parallel to ethological recording, patients were rated according to Hamilton twice a week. The patients who were most depressed at admission showed the greatest behavioural changes; the changes were most conspicuous in the behavioural elements representing social contact and communication. One patient who obviously developed a new depression during the observation period without this being recognized by the Hamilton rating or the clinical control, seemed to have been better described by the behaviour recording. This study shows that ethological psychiatric methods are very suitable for obtaining a better basis for the observations of the staff in the ward environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

An ethological analysis of depression: comparison between ethological recording and Hamilton rating of five endogenously depressed patients.

Five patients who had all been diagnosed as endogenously depressed at admission were rated twice a week and observed ethologically for 4 h/week during the entire hospitalization (4-11 weeks). Observations were carried out in the actual social environment of the ward. Data were analysed based on the parameters of behaviour diversity, behaviour activity, and marker elements. Depression was scored as low values of diversity and activity; improvement corresponded to higher values of these parameters. As possible markers of improvement, 8 behavioural elements have been singled out. One patient constituted a special case: at discharge she was rated as completely recovered; however, the ethological data indicated a serious aggravation. The day after discharge the patient attempted to commit suicide. It is concluded that ethological psychiatric research may be able to supplement traditional psychiatry with decisive information in the areas of diagnosis and treatment assessment.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

CR3 receptor on platelets and its role in the prostaglandin metabolic pathway.

The human C3R receptor, which binds C3bi, present on the surface of monocytes, granulocytes and natural killer cells, can be detected by several monoclonal antibodies, OKM1, Mo1 and Mac-1 and also by RM2.184 which detects a polymorphism of the receptor. Platelets have been considered to lack complement receptors on their cell surface; however, we now describe the detection of CR3 receptors on human platelets by radioimmunoassay using both OKM1 and RM2.184 antibodies. Using OKM1, immunoprecipitation studies with 125I-labelled platelets revealed the typical CR3 complex with an alpha chain of 165,000 daltons and beta chain of 95,000 daltons. By immunofluorescence, megakaryocytes were also found to be OKM1+. However, platelet CR3 does not merely bind C3bi, but the binding of the OKM1 antibody to platelet CR3 selectively blocks platelet functions of aggregation and serotonin release induced by arachadonic acid but not by other ligands (ristocetin, ADP, L-epinephrine, collagen and thrombin). The studies demonstrate an important role of platelet CR3 in both complement binding and in prostaglandin metabolic pathways.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of sperm antibodies in adult rats after prefertile traumatic vas lesions.

The occurrence of sperm antibodies has been studied in adult rats, which at prefertile age had been subjected to unilateral vasectomy, unilateral or bilateral crush injury of the vas or bilateral resection of the ductal artery. By means of indirect immunofluorescence technique, circulating sperm antibodies could be demonstrated in the blood in all groups 13 weeks postoperatively: unilateral vasectomy 15/17 (88%), unilateral crush injury 14/20 (70%), bilateral crush injury 13/20 (65%) and vascular injury 14/20 (70%). Sperm granulomas were observed in the unilateral vasectomy group (14/17) and in the bilateral crush injury group (4/20), whereas no sperm granulomas were seen in the unilateral crush injury or the vascular injury group.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A monoclonal antibody to the surface membrane of human platelets which inhibits ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation reacts with H1 histones of cell nuclei.

A murine monoclonal antibody HuPIA3, produced by immunization with human platelet membranes, reacted by radioimmunoassay with platelets, and inhibited ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release of 14C-serotonin. The antibody also inhibited ristocetin-induced aggregation of washed, formaldehyde-fixed platelets by von Willebrand factor. On cultures of human and rodent fibroblasts, and on frozen sections of rabbit liver and rat kidney, the antibody gave a diffuse, homogenous immunofluorescence staining of cell nuclei which could be abolished by treatment with 0.1 M HC1 or 2 M NaCl and restored by reconstitution with histones, suggesting a reaction with nuclear histones. Absorption of the antibody with histones abolished nuclear staining and abrogated the inhibitory effect of the antibody on ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release. Conversely, absorption with platelets removed antibody reactivity for platelets and for cell nuclei. In addition, the antibody reacted with H1 histones by radioimmunoassay, and immunoblotting studies showed that the antibody reacted with a protein of 199,000 daltons on platelets and with H1 histones (31,000 dalton and 32,000 dalton). These observations suggest that the antibody recognizes epitopes found on surface molecules of platelets as well as on H1 histones of cell nuclei.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1987

Prefertile vas lesion as a cause of sperm antibody formation: an experimental and clinical study.

It is well known that vasectomy in adult men can induce formation of sperm antibody (SPA) and that the presence of such antibodies can be correlated to decreased fertility. Operations close to the vas, e.g. herniorrhaphy, are common in childhood, implying a potential risk of a vas lesion. However, very little is known about the consequences of a vas lesion at prefertile age with respect to SPA formation in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine whether a vas lesion at prefertile age can induce SPA formation after puberty; if so, is it possible to prevent the occurrence of such antibodies by microsurgical reconstruction of the vas lumen before puberty? Prefertile rats (aged 3-6 weeks) were subjected to uni- and bilateral vasectomy, uni- and bilateral crush injury to the vas and bilateral injury to the ductal artery. SPA could be demonstrated in all groups of animals at the age of 18-20 weeks by means of indirect immunofluorescence technique. Prefertile uni- and bilateral vasectomy caused SPA formation to the same extent as did adult bilateral vasectomy (90% of the animals SPA-positive), whereas the prefertile vas appeared more sensitive to crush injury than the adult vas (70% and 11% SPA-positive, respectively). In rats subjected to vasectomy at the age of 3-4 weeks, it was possible to prevent SPA formation in adulthood by vas reconstruction before puberty. It was further shown that the vas repair did not have to be performed immediately after injury but could be delayed several weeks postvasectomy provided it was still performed before puberty. By using a tissue glueing agent (fibrin glue) it was found possible to improve the anastomosis healing in vasovasostomies. This was probably due to the fact that the fibrin glue minimises sperm leakage at the site of anastomosis in animals with an ongoing sperm flow through the vas at the time of vasovasostomy procedure. With this vasovasostomy technique, it was also possible to delay the vas reconstruction after prefertile vasectomy until puberty, still preventing the formation of SPA. The clinical implications of these experimental findings were underlined by the findings in a review of 31 postpubertal boys (mean age 17 years) operated upon for inguinal hernia in childhood. In this group, there was 100% accordance between the occurrence of SPA in the blood and vas obstruction. The findings in this clinical study further indicated that there may be a significant risk of acquiring an accidental, unknown vas lesion during herniorrhaphy in childhood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Postoperative lymphocytopenia and leucocytosis after epidural and general anaesthesia.

Few investigations have demonstrated a positive effect of epidural blockade on the leucocytosis and lymphocytopenia secondary to surgery. Thirty elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly allocated to two groups: epidural analgesia and general anaesthesia. The leucocyte and lymphocyte counts per- and postoperatively were registered. Significant leucocytosis and lymphocytopenia were found in both groups, but no significant difference was found between the groups.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1986

Autoantibodies to intermediate filaments in acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B are directed against vimentin.

Using ELISA and immunoblotting, autoantibodies to vimentin were sought in sera from 10 patients with acute hepatitis A, 10 with acute hepatitis B, 13 with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, 16 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, 17 with cytomegalovirus infection and 40 from healthy persons. The ELISA results were expressed as a percentage of the value obtained with a monoclonal antibody to vimentin. The results (mean and SD) for acute hepatitis A (51.2 +/- 21.7%), acute hepatitis B (44.5 +/- 28.2%) and acute hepatitis non-A, non-B (43.0 +/- 16.4%) were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than those for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (20.5 +/- 7.7%), cytomegalovirus infection (25.9 +/- 12.2%) and healthy controls (16.8 +/- 9.3%). Immunoblotting showed that sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis reacted with 57 kd vimentin in triton-cytoskeletal extracts of fibroblasts. These results show that autoantibodies to vimentin are present in sera from patients with acute hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B. Antivimentin autoantibodies may be useful in the diagnosis of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1985

Sublingual buprenorphine for premedication and postoperative pain relief in orthopaedic surgery.

The effect of sublingual buprenorphine (Temgesic) as a premedicant and for postoperative pain relief compared with morphine/pethidine was studied in 50 patients scheduled for elective surgery of the knee joint. Twenty-five patients received buprenorphine 0.4 mg sublingually 1 h before surgery and the same dose on demand postoperatively. Twenty-five patients were given morphine intramuscularly (7.5 mg or 10 mg to females and males respectively) 1 h preoperatively. This group received pethidine (75 mg) intramuscularly on demand postoperatively. All the patients were anaesthetized with halothane N2O/O2 after induction with thiopentone. No significant differences were found with regard to sedation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting during the study period. Emergence shivering, confusion and restlessness just after termination of the operation were equal in the two groups. In the recovery room, however, there was a higher frequency of shivering (P less than 0.05) in the morphine group. During the first 24 h postoperatively the buprenorphine group was given an average of 3.8 doses compared with 2.3 in the pethidine group (P greater than 0.05). It is concluded, that buprenorphine sublingually is as good as morphine intramuscularly for premedication and therefore should be recommended to patients who wish to avoid injections. For postoperative pain relief the initial dose of buprenorphine should be given intravenously. Only minor and unimportant side effects were seen.

Administration, Oral↗