Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Payne

Publications and source records attributed to J Payne.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Renal function in patients with chronic hypoxaemia and cor pulmonale following reversal of polycythaemia.

The renal function of 7 patients with cor pulmonale and secondary polycythaemia was studied by clearance methods. Their haematocrit (Hct) was initially 62 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD). Their effective renal plasma flow rates (RPF) were reduced and filtration fractions (FF) increased. They were restudied 5-7 days after Hct reduction to 49 +/- 5%. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), RPF, FF, effective renal blood flow (RBF) or body weight. However, 5 of 7 patients had a reduction in FF and a fall in body weight. Serial measurements in one patient demonstrated that immediately following the reduction in Hct there was an increase in RPF and a fall in FF, but these reverted to previous levels within 1 week. Overall, a positive correlation was obtained between changes in body weight and FF (r = 0.85, n = 7, p less than 0.015). Polycythaemia is only one factor contributing to a low RPF and high FF in patients with cor pulmonale; reduction of the Hct reduces the FF in some patients and leads to a diuresis which may be beneficial in those with fluid retention.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1982

Glottis narrowing in lung disease.

We measured the separation of the vocal folds, the glottis chink, on inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing in 34 patients with varying degrees of airflow obstruction as measured by forced expired volume in one second, Width of the glottis chink was calculated from photographs of the vocal folds taken via a fiberoptic bronchoscope. To adjust the differences in photographic image size caused by variations in instrument position, we predicted the internal anteroposterior (A.P) diameter of the glottis in each patient. This was made possible by the observed high correlation (r = 0.79) between A.P diameter of the glottis and height demonstrated in a separate study in 49 adult cadavers. In patients with airflow obstruction, the glottis chink was narrowed during quiet breathing, particularly on expiration. Such differences in glottis width between patients could not be attributed to frequency of breathing or tidal volume. Indeed, during high frequency breathing (panting) at 1 to 3 Hz studied in 18 patients, further glottis narrowing was commonly observed in those with airflow obstruction. Furthermore, when 13 patients performed a maximal exhalation, in those with airflow obstruction, the glottis remained narrowed, whereas in patients with FEV1 greater than 80% predicted, the glottis opened to an inspiratory width.l These observations suggest that narrowing of the glottis potentially plays an important part in controlling airflow in patients with airway obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory activity of the vocal cords in normal subjects and patients with airflow obstruction: an electromyographic study.

1. A surface electrode was used to record electromyographic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during breathing in normal subjects and patients with airflow obstruction. 2. Phasic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was demonstrated. This was present on inspiration and absent on expiration. 3. Phasic inspiratory activity in normal subjects was present only during periods of voluntary hyperventilation, increasing with tidal volume, whereas in patients with airflow obstruction inspiratory activity was present even during resting breathing and failed to increase further during voluntary hyperventilation. 4. The posterior crico-arytenoid muscle may be considered as an inspiratory muscle acting analogously to other accessory respiratory muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bactericidal concentrations of methylglyoxal produced by heated cells of Streptococcus faecalis.

Cells of Streptococcus faecalis that survived heating for 21 min at 60 degrees C were killed when resuspended at an initial cell density of about 1 X 10(8) viable units/mL and incubated at 33 degrees C for 24 h in a no-growth medium containing potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.1, glucose, and casein hydrolysate. When such heated cells were resuspended at an initial cell density of about 1 X 10(7) viable units/mL or lower, subsequent cell death was reduced at least 10 000-fold. Unheated cells incubated under similar conditions at about 1 X 10(8) and 1 X 10(9) viable units/mL did not die. Cell death was due to a toxic compound synthesized by the heated cells, and supernatants from incubations showing a bactericidal effect contained a component, absent in nonlethal supernatants, that reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometer analysis, and the visible spectrum of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of the unknown and authentic methylglyoxal, and the positive response shown by the free unknown compound when used as a substrate for glyoxalase I, suggested that methylglyoxal was the bactericidal compound. Solutions of authentic methylglyoxal were bactericidal at concentrations above 0.2 mM and lethal supernatants contained about 1 mM methylglyoxal, whereas supernatants that were not lethal contained less than 0.02 mM methylglyoxal.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1981

A new method for computer-assisted determination of airways resistance.

Conventional methods for determining airways resistance, based on the recording of pressure and flow as X-Y displays, may yield inconsistent results because airways resistance is only one of a number of factors determining the shape of such displays. The temporal behavior of alveolar pressure and flow during panting suggests that the relationship between pressure and flow should be formulated in terms of differential equations. An equation is postulated to include terms characterizing resistance, gas inertance, and the behavior of the lungs as a number of parallel compartments with time constants that may be different. A simple algorithm allows these terms to be deduced from measured pressure and flow signals. Measurements obtained using the new method correlate well with those obtained using conventional methods. Variation of specific airways conductance is significantly reduced when compared with values obtained by conventional methods. Measured values for inertance agree well with theoretically predicted values.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

Survival of faecal streptococci in raw and pasteurised egg products.

1. The ability of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium strains to survive in egg albumen and liquid whole egg before and after laboratory pasteurisation was studied. 2. Pasteurisation of egg albumen caused a decrease in viable cells of less than 10-fold, while pasteurisation of whole egg caused decreases of more than 100-fold in only two of the eight strains studied. After growth in whole egg, some strains were more resistant to pasteurisation in whole egg. 3. Strep. faecalis multiplied in raw and pasteurised whole egg but not in egg albumen. 4. Strep. faecium multiplied in raw and pasteurised whole egg only after an initial decline in viability which was not shown by cells adapted to whole egg. Together with storage temperature this affected the number of viable cells after a storage period of 5 d. 5. In raw and pasteurised egg albumen Strep. faecium strains lost viability; this was maximal at 37 degrees C and more cells survived as the storage temperature decreased.

Egg White↗
PubMed1979

Fabry's disease. Primary diagnosis by electron microscopy.

Fabry's disease is a lipid storage disease found in children and adults. The lipid is stored as a myelin-figure-like whorl of membranes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, myocardium, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells of the glomerulus. The lipid deposits are identifiable by light microscopy, but are much easier to demonstrate by electron microscopy. The disease leads to vascular insufficiency because of narrowing and thrombosis of arteries and arterioles. The resultant vascular insufficiency leads to peripheral neuritis, myocardial infarction, peripheral infarction and cerebral infarction. Corneal clouding due to lipid deposits is also seen. Renal involvement is widespread, but renal failure occurs late.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

PaO2 levels and retrolental fibroplasia: a report of the cooperative study.

The relation between PaO2 and retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) was studied prospectively in 719 premature infants born in or treated in the intensive care units of a group of university hospitals. Blood gas studies were performed on 589 of these infants, 66 of whom had a diagnosis of RLF; in 27 of these 66, some grade of mostly nonblinding cicatricial disease developed. The frequency of RLF was highest among infants of lowest birth weight. A multivariate statistical method was used to analyze simultaneously the effect of possible etiologic factors associated with RLF. The occurrence of RLF was found to be unrelated to PaO2, as determined by the limited information available from intermittent sampling. RLF is associated with concentration of oxygen administered in the lightest birth weight group, but the strongest association, aside from birth weight, was with time in oxygen. None of the other variables involving blood chemical values appeared to be associated with RLF. The severity of cicatricial RLF is clearly greater in infants weighing less than 1,200 g at birth. Conservative administration of oxygen may have been responsible for failure to demonstrate quantitative association between PaO2 levels and disease. Agreement between the observed and predicted numbers of infants with RLF demonstrate the strength of the multivariate technique employed in making the statistical analyses.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

Problems in the development of a rural primary care center.

For 18 months between July 1973 and December 1974, the development of a primary care center for a rural Appalacian county engaged the efforts of local community leaders and the Department of Community Medicine of the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. This case study discusses some of the major events and factors contributing to this unsuccessful endeavor. The local cultural and sociomedical circumstances, including economic and political forces, and the errors in institutional relations and communication are analyzed. Many of the community problems encountered, at both the local and regional levels, are common to various rural areas. Considerations discussed in some detail include medical care payment mechanisms, rural economics, and local sociocultural systems. These community health problems, and the broader health policy issues that they represent, must be addressed before any significant changes or advances can be made in health care in rural America.

Community Health Services↗