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Biomedical subjects

J Payne-James

Publications and source records attributed to J Payne-James.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Violence in clinical forensic medicine.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the levels of physical and verbal violence experienced in the preceding year by doctors working in clinical forensic medicine. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: anonymised questionnaire sent to all full members of the Association of Police Surgeons. RESULTS: 517 eligible questionnaires were returned; 18.2 per cent of respondents had experienced physical violence, a total of 150 incidents. Of those incidents 'warning signs' of violence had been present in only 25 per cent. A total of 54 working days were lost. Injuries included a fractured wrist and corneal scarring. Of the respondents, 65.5 per cent had experienced verbal violence (of which the most common type was obscenity); 11.8 per cent had received training in dealing with verbal violence and 10.4 per cent in dealing with physical violence; 88 per cent believed that training on how to deal with violence should be part of police surgeon/forensic medicine training. CONCLUSION: verbal and physical violence are common in clinical forensic medicine. Training in dealing with these issues should be introduced.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional support in hospitals in the United Kingdom: national survey 1988.

The increasing sophistication of enteral and total parenteral nutritional support techniques has resulted in improvements in the clinical practice of such support in recent years. This survey was designed to establish current clinical practice in the management of nutritionally-compromised hospital patients in 206 districts in the United Kingdom. However, despite recent developments in these techniques, the response revealed a wide variation in the practice of clinical nutritional support. The results also indicate that in each district there should be a group of people, with an interest in clinical nutrition, to monitor and advise on nutritional support. It is suggested that, a national multidisciplinary group should be formed, similar to the American and European Societies of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. The group would promote the appropriate use of, and research into, nutritional support specifically for the nutritionally compromised patient in the United Kingdom.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory bowel disease: nutritional implications and treatment.

It is clear that the nutritional state of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is often impaired and that the provision of nutritional support results in an improvement in nutritional state of these patients. Improvement in nutritional status can be achieved as effectively with enteral as with parenteral nutrition. The nutritional support appears to have no primary therapeutic effect in patients with ulcerative colitis. With regard to nutritional support in Crohn's disease, parenteral nutrition should be restricted to use as supportive rather than primary therapy. Available information now seems to suggest that most of the benefits of parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease are related to improvement in nutritional state rather than as primary therapy, and its use should be restricted to treatments of specific complications of Crohn's disease, such as intestinal obstruction, related to stricture formation or short bowel syndrome following repeated resection. The present available evidence indicates that defined elemental diets may have a primary therapeutic role in the management of first acute attacks of Crohn's disease when there is a need to improve the nutritional status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as an adjunct to primary drug therapy. Enteral nutrition is as efficacious as parenteral nutrition; moreover, it is safer to administer and more cost-effective.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗