Biomedical subjects

J Payer

Publications and source records attributed to J Payer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

[Vitamin D deficiency as one of the causes of bone changes in chronic pancreatitis].

Chronic pancreatitis is a longlasting inflammatory disease manifested clinically in the advanced stage by malabsorption syndrome. Its manifestations include also changes in the calcium metabolism and the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteomalacia or their combination. The objective of the study was to assess the vitamin D3 blood concentration in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The group comprised 15 patients (8 men and 7 women), median age 45.0 years. The authors found a significantly reduced serum concentration of vitamin D3 (p < 0.01) in patients with chronic pancreatitis. They assume that vitamin D deficiency is one of the decisive causes of bone complications in prolonged pancreatitis. Supplementation with vitamin D or its metabolites is then a necessary part of preventive and therapeutic provisions.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Bone changes in gastrointestinal diseases].

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases are a common cause of metabolic bone changes. The aim of the study was to indicate GIT diseases (lactose intolerance, non-lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pancreatic insufficiency, states after gastric resection, chronic diseases of the liver, and coeliac disease) by means of literature data and the authors' own results coinciding with the detected low bone density and thus increased risk of fracture. Bone changes coinciding with GIT diseases are frequent and are commonly asymptomatic for a long period. CONCLUSION: In coincidence with GIT diseases the authors indicate the necessity of being aware of the risk of bone changes development and to investigate them actively. An early diagnosis aids to introduce preventive and therapeutical measures and to halt or at least slow down the origin of bone changes. (Ref. 21.)

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗

PubMed1998

[Autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type I. (IDDM) is often connected with other autoimmune diseases. The most frequently concomitant disease is autoimmune thyroiditis. The authors present the results of the observation of 33 patients. The age of patients at the beginning of the study was 39.5 (24-65) years (median + confidential intervals). In all these patients, there were performed the assessment of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (AbTPO) and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAK). An ultrasound examination and percutaneous aspiratory biopsy were performed in all patients. The control examination was realised 5 years later. In 1991, primary hypothyroidism due to lymphoid thyroiditis in 12.1% and autoimmune hyperthyroidism in 3% of all patients were found. During the observation period 2 patients died. In 1996 the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism in 9.6% and M. Graves-Basedow in 3% of all patients were confirmed. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies have been positive in 33.4% of all patients with primary hypothyroidism and they correlated with ultrasound and cytology findings. (Tab. 3, Ref. 13.)

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis].

The theory of pancreatic gland autodigestion by pancreatic enzymes assumed by Chiari 1886 as the crucial moment in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) remains accepted so far. The appearance of mutations of cationic trypsinogen gene on the 7th chromosome in several families with hereditary AP, supports the significance of trypsin in the initiation of AP. The generally recognized etiologic factors of AP include the biliary tract disease and alcohol. Opie in his "Common Channel theory" assumed that the impacted gallstone in the ampulla of Vater could cause a permanent obstruction and subsequently AP. Later clinical studies have confirmed that a short-term block of the common pancreatic duct caused by migrating gallstones is associated with onset of AP. Chronic consumption of alcohol evokes subclinical pancreatic disturbances already prior to the onset of AP. PAP (pancreatic associated protein) being the marker of pancreatic inflammation was significantly increased in chronic alcoholism without signs of AP. Many pathophysiological concepts and effective therapeutic procedures which were successful in the animal studies have not turned out to be appropriate in man. The destruction of both cellular structure and cellular connections is an early event in the development of experimental AP. There is much evidence that free oxygen radicals and the disturbances of microcirculation determine the severeness of AP. The roles of NO (nitric oxide) and kinins remain to be clarified cytokins a interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 10 (IL10) had a protective effect in experimental AP. In humans the antagonist of PAF (platelet activating factor) had reduced the occurrence of organ failure. There is hope, that this knowledge, will lead to new therapeutic possibilities.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

[Therapy of acute pancreatitis].

The mortality rate in acute pancreatitis (AP) is significantly lower in patients hospitalized directly at the intensive care unit than in patients admitted to hospital in 2 weeks after the assessment of diagnosis, prophylactic administration of low-molecular protease inhibitor reduces the occurrence of post ERCP pancreatitis a well a coincident complications. Despite rational considerations concerning the significance of pryphylactic administration of antibodies (ATB) in severe AP, there still not enough convincing data which could be recommended a standard therapy. One of the concepts of causal therapy of AP. Suggest that inhibition of exocrine pancreatic enzymatic secretion reduces autodigestion of the gland (setting the gland at rest). The reports on success of secretin-inhibiting substances a glucagon, calcitonin, atropine and somatostatin require confirmation in randomized or accurately defined comparable groups. The initial studies on the therapeutic significance of lexipanphate-antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute pancreatitis is promising. A long-term lavage had reduced the mortality.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

[Bone changes in ulcerative colitis].

One of the complications of ulcerative colitis with frequent relapses is mineral deficiency (potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus). The objective of the present work is to examine the bone density and laboratory parameters of bone metabolism in 25 patients with a medium severe and severe form of ulcerative colitis. In patients with ulcerative colitis a significantly reduced bone density was found in the era of neck of the femur (p < 0.05), a a non-significantly reduction of the bone density in the era of the lumbar vertebrae and an elevated level of osteocalcin (p < 0.05). These findings indicate a higher prevalence of bone changes in patients with ulcerative colitis. Early detection of bone changes makes adequate prevention and treatment of bone complications possible.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Endogenous levels of somatostatin, C-peptide and insulin in acute pancreatitis].

The authors compared in seven patients with acute pancreatitis the levels of endogenous somatostatin, insulin and C-peptide to assess their mutual correlation and relation to the development of the disease and serum amalyse levels. The results were compared with values recorded in 11 healthy volunteers. The levels of endogenous somatostatin were in patients with acute pancreatitis significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. The authors found an inverse relationship between the somatostatin and amylase level (correlation coefficient 0.75). They did not observe a significant correlation between somatostatin and insulin levels nor between somatostatin and C-peptide levels. The elevated somatostatin level may be due to the counteregulatory reaction during secretion, stimulated by endogenous or exogenous factors (cholecystokinin, alcohol, food).

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

Effects of Ca and H2O2 added to RPMI on the fretting corrosion of Ti6Al4V.

Titanium and its alloys have demonstrated considerable success in various surgical procedures including orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular surgery. However, particulate debris from corrosion and wear is present in a considerable quantity in tissue local to the implant. This study evaluated the effect of Ca, since it is present in both serum and bone, and H2O2, since it is produced through local inflammation, on the amount of titanium release. Four sets of Ti6Al4V plates and Ti6Al4V screws were used. Each set was designated to one of four solutions: RPMI (cell culture growth media), RPMI with CaCl2, RPMI with CaCO3, and RPMI with H2O2. A fretter was used to cause corrosion by creating micromotion between two screws and a two-hole plate of Ti6Al4V. After fretting for 72 h, weight loss of the plate and screws and the amount of Ti and vanadium (V) in solution was used to assess the amount of fretting corrosion which had occurred. Results of weight loss and Ti in solution indicated that the presence of H2O2 increased the amount of particulate debris produced in RPMI as compared with RPMI alone. The addition of CaCl2 to RPMI also increased both weight loss and Ti in solution compared with RPMI alone. The addition of CaCO2, however, did not give values significantly different from RPMI alone. Comparison of weight loss and Ti in solution indicated that the increase in fretting corrosion was not different between RPMI with CaCl2 and RPMI with H2O2. The particulate wear debris from the four solutions was black in color and the size of the particulate produced was compared using a Coulter Multisizer. The results indicated that particles produced in the four solutions were not different, with mean values between 1.324 and 1.100 microns, and they were similar in size to the particulate found in tissues surrounding failed total hip replacements. In order to better understand the role of Ca in the fretting corrosion of Ti6Al4V, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) using SEM was used to determine elemental composition of one countersink surface of a plate which had been run four times in RPMI with CaCl2. The presence of Ca in the bulk was not significant (% composition < 0.5%). However, Ca was present in two surface particles which were examined at a magnification of 55,000, with a Ca% composition of 63.2% and 19.2%. While results from this study indicate that both soluble Ca(CaCl2) and H2O2 increase the fretting corrosion of Ti6Al4V, the insoluble form of Ca, which would be found in bone and hydroxyapatite, has no effect. These data indicate that it is important to specify the media used in corrosion, dissolution, and elution experiments.

Alloys↗

PubMed1996

[The circadian cycle of endothelin-1 in healthy persons].

The possible circadian rhythmicity of endothelin-1 was investigated. Radioimmunoassay method was used in 5 clinically healthy male subjects aged 24-32 years. Blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals over a period of 24 hours. Data for ET-1 were fitted to a 24-hour cosine curve. Statistically significant curves were found in two subjects (maximum at 4 p.m. and minimum at 10 p.m.), one did not yield a statistically significant curve and in two subjects despite the fact that the curves were not presented. Nevertheless, the circadian rhythmicity in our study was not confirmed according to our results it could not be excluded. (Fig. 2, Tab. 2, Ref. 23.)

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Therapy of metastasizing carcinoid tumor].

Carcinoids are tumors producing excessive amounts of serotonin. The authors briefly characterize the possibilities of diagnosis. The case of a 43-year-old patient with a multifold carcinoid of the ileum with metastases in the liver is used for the description of the therapy strategy. They summarize the current opinions on the therapy of this disease. (Tab, 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 14.)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Serum gastrin and somatostatin in diseases of the stomach].

Gastrin and somatostatin are enterohormones which influence several physiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrin has a pro-malignant and pro-ulcerogenic effect, while somatostatin deficiency has a similar effect. The authors examined in their investigation the 24-hour secretion of both hormones in patients with gastric ulcer and atypical gastric conditions. They revealed a significant difference in the 24-hour somatostatin level which was higher in patients with atypical gastric conditions (p < 0.05). The finding may suggest a more intense reaction of somatostatin to malignant than to non-malignant disease. In the other compared parameters no statistically significant difference was revealed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Safety of hormone replacement therapy in menopause and its favorable effect on the lipid spectrum].

The authors pay attention to changes of the serum lipid spectrum and blood sugar level during hormonal substitution treatment of menopausal women. The observation pertains to 70 women (mean age 50 years, 36 women after hysterectomy, mean duration of the menopause 4.5-5.0 years). The lipid spectrum and blood sugar level were assessed by enzyme methods from venous blood collected in the morning on fasting before administration of treatment (a combination of oestrogen and gestagen), on average after 8 months on these drugs. With regard to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol before treatment the women were, consistent with recommendations of the European Society for Atherosclerosis divided into four groups: hypercholesterolaemic group (5.2-7.8 mmol/l) 47 women; hypercholesterolaemic group with a reduced HDL-cholesterol (less than 1.1 mmol/l) 5 women; a very high cholesterol group (more than 7.8 mmol/l) one woman only; and women with a normal lipid profile (total cholesterol less than 5.2 mmol/l), 17 women. The authors recorded in the whole group a significant drop of total cholesterol (-0.30 mmol/l), VLDL-cholesterol (-0.08 mmol/l) and triacylglycerols (-0.27 mmol/l) and a significant rise of HDL-cholesterol (+0.13 mmol/l). The blood sugar level did not change. There was an insignificant drop of LDL-cholesterol. Hepatic serum enzymes did not change during this treatment. The most marked changes (a drop of LDL-cholesterol by 0.49 mmol/l and rise of HDL-cholesterol by 0.29 mmol/l) were recorded in the group with the highest risk, i.e. group 2. The total drop of triacylglycerols was striking. The body weight and dietary habits did not change during the mentioned 8-month period. The authors consider hormonal replacement therapy indicated. They emphasize its favourable effect on the lipid spectrum of women which is one of the mechanisms of cardiovascular oestrogen protection.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Cortisol and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

Cortisol is the hormone reacting to endogenous and exogenous stress. An important role is ascribed to stress in the genesis and development of malignant and inflammatory diseases of the GIT. The authors examined in their investigation the 24-hour secretion of cortisol in patients with gastric affections, polyps of the large bowel and compared them mutually and with groups of patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy probands. In all investigated groups a 24-hour rhythm of cortisol secretion was confirmed. The only significant difference between the investigated groups was a lower 24-hour amplitude in patients with ulcerative colitis, as compared with healthy probands. The results do not suggest a significant role of cortisol in the development of premalignant diseases of the GIT.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[Congenital atransferrinemia].

Congenital atransferrinemia was first diagnosed at the age of 11 months in a now 27-year-old woman. Until she was aged 14 years treatment with human transferrin was irregular and, as it turned out, inadequate. But since then she has regularly received human transferrin (1 g monthly) and deferoxamine (500 mg twice weekly). Despite this she developed haemosiderosis affecting heart, liver, hypophysis, thyroid and the locomotor apparatus. This case report demonstrates the need of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital atransferrinemia to prevent the mentioned complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Plasma somatostatin levels in ulcerative colitis.

The circadian (24 hour) rhythmicity of somatostatin in healthy subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was studied and established. UC patients were found to have a higher 24-hour amplitude, a higher average level and a longer peak level phase of plasma somatostatin. This finding may indicate a defensive role of somatostatin in inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Gastrointestinal motility and possibilities of influencing it].

The authors discuss factors which influence the motility of the smooth muscles in the pancreatobiliary region. They investigated some clinical and laboratory parameters after administration of the selective antagonist of calcium influx-Pineverium bromide-Dicetel. The drug influenced significantly in a positive way nausea, flatulence, pain and chronically elevated amylases. The authors mention a cycle of possible neurohumoral changes with which specific calcium channel antagonists could interfere.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Circadian rhythmicity and cross correlation of plasma gastrin, cortisol and somatostatin levels in ulcerative colitis patients and healthy subjects.

Gastrin, somatostatin and cortisol circadian (24 hours) rhythmicity was confirmed in healthy subjects. Gastrin and cortisol circadian rhythmicity was studied and also established in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). UC patients were found to have a lower 24-hour amplitude of plasma cortisol and a shorter acrophase of plasma gastrin. Gastrin correlated positively with somatostatin and negatively with cortisol.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Treatment of ulcerative colitis].

The authors' 10-year experience with the treatment of 134 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis is presented. The standard with sulfasalazine proved successful in mild forms of the disease, yet preparations containing only 5-aminosalicylic acid had to be administered to patients with intermediate and serious forms of the disease. The authors recommend to individualize treatment with corticoids and antibiotics and to reserve this approach for severe conditions. The use of supplementary therapeutic procedures, particularly administration of drugs affecting the immune system, is still a rather controversial issue. (Tab. 3, Ref. 24).

Adult↗