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Biomedical subjects

J Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to J Patterson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Objective evaluation and prediction of client improvement in mental health aftercare.

External funding sources and review boards appropriately are mandating more objective, clear-cut demonstrations of mental health program effectiveness. Mental health adult aftercare programs, traditionally characterized by globally-defined, imprecise goal and outcome measurement, can be objectively, empirically evaluated. The current paper illustrates how structured ratings and observations can be used feasibly to yield quantified "hard data" on client improvement and program effectiveness. The paper also presents the results of a program evaluation research study which indicate that while psychosocial history variables predict initial client appearance in aftercare, program participation-involvement behavior (and not psychosocial history) predict client improvement. Implications of these finds and the need for objective approaches to aftercare program evaluation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the competition of polyene antibiotics for sterols.

The fractional change in the corrected fluorescence of pimaricin or filipin in the presence of a limiting amount of sterol and a competing polyene antibiotic has been used to estimate the relative affinity of amphotericin B, nystatin, filipin, and pimaricin for stigmasterol and for cholesterol. The relative affinities for cholesterol were filipin greater than amphotericin B greater than pimaricin greater than nystatin, while the relative affinities for stigmasterol were filipin greater than pimaricin greater than amphotericin B greater than nystatin. The data indicate that pimaricin and filipin can both interact simultaneously with about 30% of the cholesterol or stigmasterol. However, the stoichiometry of filipin and pimaricin alone for cholesterol and for stigmasterol in dilute aqueous solutions is 1 : 1. In the experiments which indicated both pimaricin and filipin interact with the same sterol molecule changes in corrected fluorescence and the absorbance spectra were monitored; and these criteria indicated that both pimaricin and filipin had interacted with the sterols. Light-scattering measurements indicate large aggregates were not formed. Although the data shows in dilute aqueous solutions the stoichiometry of filipin and/or pimaricin for sterols is 1 : 1, in more complex solutions, other combinations or interactions are indicated especially for pimaricin.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1978

Drug therapy reviews: dietary fiber and fiber supplements in the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders.

Dietary fiber and fiber supplements are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their sources, composition and properties; physiological actions on gastrointestinal functions; and uses in gastrointestinal disease states (functional bowel disease, diverticular disease and other conditions). Adverse effects and contraindications, and the hypothesis of diet's effect on colon cancer also are discussed. Dietary fiber supplements may relieve symptoms of constipation, spastic colon, and diverticular disease; in the two latter disorders, colonic pressure relationships are altered. It is concluded that current evidence does not support other therapeutic uses for dietary fiber sonstituents, except possibly in patients with anal fissures and hemorrhoids, which can be helped by the passage of a softer stool.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1977

The problem of radiation dosage in the measurement of skin blood flow by xenon-133.

The skin dose arising from the use of xenon-133 in the measurement of skin blood flow has been calculated for several situations. The results indicate the importance of prior assessment of radiation dose in any technique involving the use of radionuclides. Cases where particular care must be taken have been indicated and practical methods of reducing the dose are suggested.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Teaching assertive skills to a passive homosexual adolescent: an illustrative case study.

Social skills training was used to alter the socially inappropriate and ineffectual behavior of a 17-year old homosexual male. Target behaviors selected for treatment were the subject's effeminate mannerisms and lack of assertiveness in conflict situations, especially those involving other persons making derisive comments to him. A multiple baseline design was used to increase the patient's (a) eye contact, (b) rate of making appropriate requests for behavior change in others, and (c) general level of assertive affect. Six training and six generalization role-played interpersonal scenes were used. Results indicated significant improvement on trained social skills components with generalization to nontrained scenes as well. Implications of these findings are discussed, particularly with respect to social skills and assertion training for effeminate homosexuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Young children's Rod-and-Frame Test performance.

Research on children's performance on the Witkin Rod-and-frame Test has suggested that children rely heavily on contextual cues in perceiving verticality but that this reliance decreases with age. In the present study this developmental trend in children younger than those previously tested was studied. The effect on performance of the conventional practice of tilting subjects in a chair which rotates about a seat axis, thus displacing the head away from the stimulus, was also studied. After a short training session 14 boys and 11 girls, 4.70 to 10.95 yr. old, were given 12 trials of the standard test while tilted about a seat axis and, on another day, 12 trials while tilted about a head axis. Although the axis of tilt and the order of presentation were nonsignificant, data tended to confirm the existence of a developmental trend in young children. An alternate scoring procedure to investigate errors in the direction opposite frame-tilt indicated that the initial tilt of the rod relative to the frame significantly affects the accuracy of judgments of the vertical.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Secretory and structural changes in the parotid salivary gland of sheep and lambs after parasympathetic denervation.

The effect of the parasympathetic nerve supply on the development of the parotid gland in the immature lamb and its maintenance in the adult sheep has been investigated by unilateral postganglionic denervation. Seventy-seven to ninety-three days after denervation secretory activity of the gland was examined and material taken for histological examination. The adult denervated glands secreted at lower rates than the innervated and their atropine-resistant secretory flow was reduced to as low as one fifth of that of the innervated glands. In two lambs an atropine-resistant flow did not develop in the denervated glands: in another two, flows of saliva from the denervated glands were present but were much less than in the contralateral innervated glands. After denervation glands were, with one exception, smaller than the contralateral innervated glands. The acinar cells of the denervated adult and lamb glands were smaller than the cells of the innervated glands but similar in size to those of 7-14 day old unoperated control lambs. Acinar cells in denervated glands had periodic acid Schiff staining material but the staining reaction to pyronin-methyl green was similar in the innervated and denervated. The results indicate that the integrity of the parasympathetic innervation is essential for the development of the parotid gland of the sheep and for its maintenance in the adult animal.

Age Factors↗