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Biomedical subjects

J Patel

Publications and source records attributed to J Patel.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

HPLC of sertraline and norsertraline in plasma or serum.

A simple method for the measurement of sertraline and norsertraline in plasma or serum suitable for use in single-dose pharmacokinetic studies has been developed. Internal standard solution, aqueous fenethazine (10 mg/L) (20 microL), and Tris buffer (2 mol/L), pH 10.6) (100 microL) were added to plasma (200 microL). Sertraline, norsertraline and the internal standard were extracted into methyl tert-butyl ether (200 microL) by mixing (30 s) and centrifugation (11,000 r.p.m., 4 min). A portion (100 microL) of the extract was injected onto a Spherisorb S5SCX HPLC column (150 x 4.6 mm i.d.) which was eluted with methanol:water (19 + 1) containing ammonium perchlorate (40 mmol/L), final pH 7.0. Detection was by UV monitoring (215 nm). The concentration of each analyte in each sample was calculated from the calibration graph (peak-height ratio of analyte to that of the internal standard against concentration) obtained after analysis of plasma samples containing known amounts of sertraline and norsertraline. The limit of accurate measurement of the assay was 10 micrograms/L) sertraline and 20 micrograms/L) norsertraline.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ibotenic acid mediates neurotoxicity and phosphoinositide hydrolysis by independent receptor mechanisms.

Ibotenic acid (Ibo) has been shown to have agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites in several systems. Both of these receptor sites have been implicated in excitotoxicity. Like NMDA neurotoxicity, Ibo neurotoxicity can be enhanced by glycine and blocked by MK-801. Ibo induced stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, on the other hand, is unaffected by either of these treatments. We therefore conclude that Ibo is capable of acting at both NMDA and trans-ACPD receptors in the CNS, although only activation of NMDA receptors is involved in Ibo neurotoxicity. This conclusion leads us to postulate that stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis is neither necessary nor sufficient for neurotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The tongue flap in the primary treatment of cleft palate: a report of 19 cases.

The conflict between the need to create an effective levator palati sling on the one hand, and the morbidity of raising oral mucoperiosteal flaps on the other, is highlighted in the treatment of clefts of the bony palate, with a limited review of the existing literature. A method in which an anteriorly based tongue flap is used to cover the raw areas resulting from displacement of the oral mucoperiosteal flaps to reconstruct and maintain the levator palati sling in its proper place is described in the primary treatment of cleft palates in 19 cases. One of these cases is presented in detail with the help of illustrations. Comments are added about the method employed. The future plan of action in regard to this method is mentioned.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early controlled motion with dynamic splinting versus static splinting for zones III and IV extensor tendon lacerations: a preliminary report.

Recent developments in the understanding of tendon healing and the effects of early motion have led to early controlled motion programs (ECM) for lacerated extensor tendons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in length of treatment and final results when patients who had been treated with ECM with dynamic splinting were compared with patients who had been treated with traditional static extension splinting (SES) for zone III and zone IV extensor tendon lacerations. A retrospective study of patient charts from June 1984 through January 1990 was conducted. A total of 36 charts were reviewed. Twenty-seven patients met the study criteria: treatment with ECM with dynamic splinting (n = 10) and treatment with traditional SES using a finger-hand splint (n = 17). Data were analyzed for total number of therapy visits (V), total number of weeks of therapy before discharge (W), total active motion achieved (TAM), total passive motion achieved (TPM), and incidence of complications. Significance was established at the p = 0.05 level for all statistical analyses. There were no significant differences between the groups for V (t = 1.76, p = 0.09), W (t = 0.58, p = 0.57), TPM (t = 0.12, p = 0.90), TAM (t = 0.44, p = 0.66), or the incidence of extensor lag (chi 2 = 2.264). The Cohen stat power analysis value was 0.40, revealing that the number of patients was too small for significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative evaluation of vaginal, cervical and peritoneal flora in normal, healthy women: a preliminary report.

Twelve healthy women undergoing laparoscopic tubal sterilization were studied. Specimens were obtained for culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Chlamydia trachomatis. The sites cultured included cul-de-sac (through a laparoscope), cul-de-sac (by transvaginal culdocentesis), the vaginal wall, and the endocervical canal. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the peritoneal cavity of three (25%) of the subjects. These isolates included B. melaninogenicus from two specimens obtained by laparoscope from the peritoneal cavity and from two peritoneal specimens obtained by culdocentesis. The data suggest that the peritoneal cavity of normal healthy women is not always sterile. We did not encounter contamination of transvaginal culdocentesis specimens with vaginal flora.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic carbamazepine treatment increases brain adenosine receptors.

The effect of carbamazepine on adenosine receptors in vitro has been well documented, with findings from several groups showing that therapeutic doses of this drug are sufficient to inhibit binding to the major portion of adenosine receptors in brain. In this study, we describe the effects of chronic carbamazepine on central adenosine receptors from several areas of rat brain using [3H]diethylphenylxanthine [( 3H]DPX) and [3H]cyclohexyladenosine [( 3H]CHA) as ligands. Carbamazepine was administered to rats orally in the diet at doses of 2.25 g/kg of diet and 5.0 g/kg of diet for periods of 3 and 11 days, respectively. Carbamazepine-treated animals displayed higher levels of adenosine receptors in virtually all brain areas tested, most of which reached significance in the 11-day treatment group. Scatchard analysis revealed increases in the number of receptors. There was no change in peripheral and central type benzodiazepine receptors or beta-adrenergic receptors in the carbamazepine-treated animals. Therefore, carbamazepine treatment in vivo appears to upregulate adenosine receptors, suggesting that this drug may act as an adenosine antagonist.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine antagonist properties of carbamazepine.

The binding of adenosine agonists and antagonists to the adenosine receptor is differentially affected by both temperature and guanine nucleotides. Agonist binding is facilitated at higher temperatures; the reverse is true for adenosine antagonists. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the temperature dependency of agonist/antagonist binding to the adenosine receptor in binding inhibition studies. We show that the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and several of its structural analogs behave in a manner identical to that of a series of adenosine antagonists; i.e., they are more potent inhibitors of [3H]cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) binding at 8 degrees C as compared to 37 degrees C and are equipotent as inhibitors of [3H]diethylphenylxanthine (DPX) binding at 0 and 30 degrees. We also show that the potency of CBZ and derivatives as inhibitors of [3H]CHA binding is markedly increased in the presence of 10 microM GppNHp, whereas their potency as inhibitors of [3H]DPX binding is unaffected by this guanine nucleotide. These data in conjunction with past studies support the hypothesis that CBZ and its derivatives act as adenosine antagonists at the level of binding interactions at the adenosine receptor.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV antibody seroprevalence among childbearing women surveyed in Maryland.

Because blood specimens from newborns reflect the antibody status of the mother, seroprevalence rates among childbearing women are obtainable from analysis of the specimens. A blinded survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody seroprevalence among childbearing women was conducted in Maryland. The survey used 31,273 dried filter paper blood spot specimens obtained from newborns screened for hereditary disorders. Overall, 99 specimens were positive on two enzyme-linked immunoassays and on Western blot, providing a seroprevalence rate of 0.32 percent. The rate for child-bearing women residing within the City of Baltimore, 0.7 percent, was significantly higher than the rate for those residing elsewhere in Maryland, 0.1 percent. The statewide rate for nonwhite women, 0.8 percent, was higher than for white women, 0.007 percent. No statistically significant associations were found with residence in an inner city area, as opposed to residence in other areas of the city; birth weight group; reported health of the infant; or the infant having received a transfusion.

Adolescent↗