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Biomedical subjects

J Patel

Publications and source records attributed to J Patel.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cyclic AMP-binding capacities and histone kinase activation in subcellular components of neocortical tissue. Differential responses to three neurohumoural agents.

1. Noradrenaline and histamine, when added to superfused guinea-pig cerebral-cortical tissues, increased both cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent histone kinase activities of some, but not of all, subsequently isolated subcellular fractions, and decreased their cyclic [(3)H]AMP-binding capacity, which was concluded to be due to an increase in endogenously bound cyclic AMP. 2. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine also diminished the cyclic [(3)H]AMP-binding capacities, but did not affect the histone kinase activities. 3. DEAE-cellulose chromatography and stability to KCl additions showed that the greater part of the histone kinase of the present preparations corresponded to the type II enzyme [of Corbin, Keely & Park (1975) J. Biol. Chem.250, 218-225], with a lesser amount of type I activity. Different sites of cyclic AMP accumulation in relation to these or other kinases are considered in interpreting the differential tissue responses to the neurohumoural agents examined.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1981

Sonographic imaging of the glycogen stage of the fetal choroid plexus.

At 8-22 weeks gestation, the lateral ventricular choroid plexus swells with glycogen deposits, which are thought to be an important source of anaerobic energy for a relatively hypovascular stage of brain development. Sonographic images during this phase demonstrate enlarged and echogenic ventricles, accounting for up to 80%-90% of the cerebral axial dimension in the earliest gestations studied. This increased echogenicity may be due to these glycogen stores. Because a rapid but sonographically definable decrease in the relative size of these structures occurs, routine imaging for the presence and character of the choroid plexus might prove to be a useful parameter in fetal examination.

Choroid Plexus↗
PubMed1981

Tardive dyskinesia with Tourette-like syndrome.

This is a single case study of a 22 year old Japanese-Canadian woman who developed schizophrenia, was treated with ECT and several successive neuroleptics and subsequently, three years later, developed a tardive dyskinesia syndrome in association with a behavioral change resembling Gilles de la Tourette disease. This combined syndrome lasted seven months. After neuroleptics were withdrawn, the syndrome diminished in severity and disappeared after four months. Since both tardive dyskinesia and Tourette's disease are thought to be caused by relative overactivity or supersensitivity of the dopamine system, their reversible appearance after long term dopamine receptor blockade by neuroleptics can be expected in susceptible individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Preservation of splenic function by autotransplantation of traumatized spleen in man.

Splenectomy is known to increase the risk of overwhelming bacterial infection. Characteristically, there is a decrease in immunoglobulin IgM, properdin, and T-lymphocytes; impaired primary antibody response to antigen challenge; an altered opsonic function; and a tuftsin deficiency. Because the spleen is important in host defense, preservation of traumatized splenic tissue has been advocated. Splenic autotransplantation has been suggested as a method of preserving function, and this concept is supported by experiments in animals. The present study describes autotransplantation of the traumatized spleen in human beings for the preservation of splenic function. Four patients operated on for blunt abdominal trauma required total splenectomy for hemostasis and were deemed suitable candidates for autotransplantation of the splenic tissue. In each, thinly sliced segments of spleen (roughly 20 gm.) were placed in a previously fashioned omental pouch. All patients survived without complications. Postoperative studies included blood and platelet counts, cell morphology, determination of serum immunoglobulin levels, and splenic scans. Four weeks postoperatively, Howell-Jolly bodies and target cells had disappeared from the red cells. Platelet counts returned to normal range. Initially low IgM and C3 complement levels increased to normal. Scans at 8 weeks confirmed the presence of functioning splenic tissue. Autotransplantation of the spleen is a safe method for preserving splenic function when total splenectomy is mandatory for hemostasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The use of impedance cardiography in the young and elderly during postural stress.

Impedance cardiography was used to measure postural changes of the indices of stroke volume and cardiac output in 20 elderly and 18 young subjects of either sex. In both the young and elderly subjects the reproducibility of the technique was high. All young subjects showed a fall in the index of cardiac output and increase in peripheral resistance when subjected to a 60 degree head-up tilt, but some elderly subjects showed either no change or an increase in cardiac output and fall in peripheral resistance on tilting. It is suggested that these abnormalities were the result of either an impaired autonomic nervous system or an increased peripheral arterial rigidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum sialyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase as reliable biomarkers in women with breast cancer.

Sialyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured in the sera of 135 women with breast cancer: 53 undergoing mastectomy for primary cancer and 83 receiving different modalities of palliative therapy for metastatic disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether these enzyme levels were associated with the extent of the disease and whether changes in these enzyme levels could be correlated with success or failure of treatment. Mastectomy caused a rapid fall of elevated enzyme levels to within the normal range in all patients with stage I breast cancer but not in those with stage II or III disease. In women with metastatic disease, elevated enzyme levels fell only in patients responding to treatment. Thus serum sialyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase activities are reliable biomarkers of breast cancer activity, and serial measurement of these enzyme activities provides a useful tool for the monitoring of disease activity and success or failure of the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

beta-Blockade therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary surgery: a propranolol withdrawal syndrome?

A high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension has been noted after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients previously treated with oral propranolol. Forty-two patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery had propranolol withdrawal 10 hours before surgery and were randomized into a group treated with propranolol immediately postoperatively, and a nontreatment group. Patients treated with prophylactic propranolol had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias compared to patints who received no prophylaxis. All the arrhythmias responded rapidly to 1 mg of intravenous propranolol therapy, whether it was used as a primary treatment or as a supplement to prophylactic propranolol. The findings suggest that (1) there is a high incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias and sinus tachycardia after coronary artery bypass which might reflect an abrupt propranolol withdrawal, and (2) that perioperative prophylactic or supplementary propranolol therapy will successfully prevent or treat most of these arrhythmias.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1978

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of certain neurologic disorders. A preliminary report.

Ultrasonography is the most innocuous and noninvasive procedure, ideally suited for screening patients suspected of having cerebrovascular insufficiency. The Doppler ultrasound and real-time techniques complement each other. The latter can actually display a two-dimensional dynamic image of the carotid artery. B-scan can also be used in fetuses, infants, and young children for precise assessment of the size of the ventricular system. It can be used for serial follow-up evaluation of hydrocephalus. Ultrasound can be utilized in determination of the depth and width of the lumbar spinal canal. Differentiation of cystic from solid masses in the spinal canal may also be made by this modality.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Variations in sialomucins in the mucosa of the large intestine in malignancy: a quantimet and statistical analysis.

The periodate-borohydride/saponification/PAS (PB/KOH/PAS) method, for the identification of sialic acid derivatives, was used to investigate possible changes in human colonic epithelium associated with carcinogenesis. The material was obtained from specimens of the large intestine resected for carcinoma and compared with normal control mucosa from biopsies of patients with no known gastro-intestinal diseases, using a Quantimet Image Analyser Densitometer to measure these staining reactions. An ordination or segregation analysis of the results revealed a marked discrimination between tumours and the normal control mucosa, with the values for the 'transitional' mucosa and mucosa remote from the tumour graded in between. Paired t-tests also showed statistically significant differences between the various types of mucosa. The fact that changes in the staining densities of the sialic acid derivatives are observed in mucosa which is normal by conventional histological criteria raises the hypothesis that malignancy in the colonic epithelium is accompanied by modifications in the sialic acid composition of the mucus secretion. Thus the PB/KOH/PAS method may be of value in the early detection of cancer in colo-rectal biopsies.

Colon↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonic evaluation of portacaval shunts.

Patients who had portacaval shunts were examined both before and after surgery. In the majority of cases, it was possible to detect the portcaval shunt by actually demonstrating the site of anastomosis. There was dilatation of the vena cava just cephalad to the site of the anastomosis due to the increased volume of blood entering the vena from the portal system. Mesocaval shunts have also been detected. Splenorenal shunts, however, could not be demonstrated in this series. While gray scale B scan ultrasound was used to record the site of anastomosis and measure the vessel diameters, real time two-dimensional ultrasound provided dynamic information. Long term serial examination are being obtained to evaluate the continued patency of the shunts. Ultrasound appears to be a promising new noninvasive study for the evaluation of portcaval shunts.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Sustained-release hormonal preparations XV: release of progesterone from cholesterol pellets in vivo.

Progesterone-sterol pellets were made that porvided a zero-order release of progesterone for 80 days. 4-(14)C-Progesterone was used to measure the release in vitro and in vivo. The dissolution rate in vitro (distilled water as the desorbing medium) for progesterone-cholesterol (59:41 w/w) and the progesterone-beta-sitosterol (47:53 w/w) pellets was 72 microng/100 mm2/24 hr. The average in vivo absorption from subcutaneously implanted pellets in rabbits was 2 +/- 0.1 microng/ml of plasma/cm2 of surface area. Of this amount, 20-25% was progesterone; the remainder was progesterone metabolites and conjugates. Zero-order release (plasma levels) was obtained for approximately 80 days or until about 70% of the available progesterone was exhausted. During this time, the level of excreted radioactivity in urine continuously decreased, indicating that monitoring only this parameter would lead to erroneous conclusions. A long-term effect and increased effectiveness were obtained with a 5-20-mg progesterone equivalent dose, using gel prepared from 2% methylcellulose as the suspending medium.

Animals↗