Parental grieving after infant death.
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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Biomedical subjects
J Passchier
Publications and source records attributed to J Passchier.
[Pain and pain measurement in children].
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Adolescent↗
Psychosocial factors and pregnancy outcome: a review with emphasis on methodological issues.
This review focuses on the research concerning the relation between psychosocial factors and pregnancy outcome. The following four outcome measures are dealt with: (1) birth weight, (2) preeclampsia, (3) preterm labour, and (4) intrapartum complications. The most consistent finding concerns the association between maternal exposure to taxing situations and preterm delivery. Three possible pathways are hypothesized: (1) an indirect influence via unhealthy coping and life style behaviour, (2) a direct influence via stress-dependent hormones, and (3) an additional direct influence via psycho-immunological factors. Intervention studies aimed at improving pregnancy outcome show fairly mixed results. It is recommended that studies on the relationship between psychosocial factors and pregnancy outcome should employ a prospective design with due attention to chronic stressors, should include appropriate biochemical assessments, and multivariate techniques are applied.
Bias↗
Previous stress and acute psychological defence as predictors of perinatal grief--an exploratory study.
We evaluated whether the emotional reactions of women at 2-6 weeks after the prenatal diagnosis of a lethal anomaly and at 3 months after perinatal loss might be predicted by previous stress and acute psychological defence reactions to the diagnosis. Previous stress was defined objectively as a history of major life event(s) and having received professional mental health treatment in the past, and subjectively as the disposition for feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. Forty-one women were interviewed and completed measures on their history of major life events, whether they had received professional mental health treatment in the past, inadequacy, acute psychological defence reactions and perinatal grief. Regression analyses showed that inadequacy was the most strongly positive predictor of perinatal grief shortly after receiving the unfavourable diagnosis and three months after perinatal loss. In addition to inadequacy, having received professional mental health treatment in the past led to significantly more intense grief, but only shortly after receiving the unfavourable diagnosis. Previous life events intensified grief three months after perinatal death. The grieving process was significantly moderated by the defence of 'principalization' while it was significantly intensified by 'turning aggression against oneself', but only shortly after receiving the unfavourable diagnosis. These effects were not contaminated by relationships with pregnancy-related variables. Our findings imply that psychological support for women with perinatal loss should particularly be offered to those who have been identified as generally anxious, who have reported previous major life events and have received professional mental health treatment in the past.
Adult↗
Measuring quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction or stroke: a feasibility study of four questionnaires in The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To test in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke the feasibility of four quality of life measurements--the Nottingham health profile (NHP), the heart patients psychological questionnaire (HPPQ), the sickness impact profile (SIP), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). DESIGN: Subjects were tested and retested after an interval of 14 days: questionnaires were self assessed. SUBJECTS: Participants were randomly selected from the Rotterdam stroke data bank (stroke patients; n = 16, mean (SD) age 66.0 (11.0) years and from the population based Rotterdam study (myocardial infarction; n = 20, mean (SD) age 72.7 (7.9) years, controls; n = 17, mean (SD) age 72.8 (7.3) years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean (SD) administration times for the NHP, HPPQ, SIP, and HAD were 7.9 (3.5), 10.5 (4.3), 21.0 (9.8), and 5.5 (2.8) minutes respectively. On average, the test-retest reliability was good, with Spearman correlations ranging from 0.31 to 0.95. In spite of the limited size of the study, all instruments were able to show differences between the study groups. For instance, median SIP total scores for myocardial infarction and stroke patients were 12.4 (interquartile range 7.0-19.1) and 11.4 (5.9-15.4) respectively, compared with 7.7 (3.7-11.3) in the control group (p values of 0.04 and 0.14 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that use of the four instruments tested may be feasible and reliable for assessing aspects of quality of life in patients with a history of a myocardial infarction or stroke.
Aged↗
Psychological aspects of non-cardiac chest pain.
Approximately 30% of patients visiting a cardiologist for the first time with complaints of chest pain appear to have normal coronary arteries. These patients generally have a higher prevalence of atypical chest pain, are relatively young, often female, in most cases suffer from panic disorder and have high scores on depression and anxiety scales. In this article some of the recent studies conducted in this particular line of research are reviewed and some possible explanations for the relationship between complaints and non-cardiac findings are presented. Furthermore, the ability of predicting non-cardiac chest pain from psychological factors and a range of follow-up studies are discussed. Finally the possibilities of treating cardiac phobia are mentioned.
Adult↗
The Rotterdam Daytime Sleepiness Scale: a new daytime sleepiness scale.
A new daytime sleepiness scale was constructed on the basis of interviews with 96 apnea patients (the Rotterdam Daytime Sleepiness Scale) and included three subscales of Global Evaluation, Behavioral Impact, and Affected Life Domains. The scale showed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.
Adult↗
Psychosocial effects of skin treatment with Imedeen.
In a 3-mo. randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, the psychosocial effects of the food supplement IMEDEEN on health-specific quality of life were examined. Participants were 45 Caucasian women with a normal skin condition in relation to their age. The variables measured were social anxiety and social skills, self-esteem, satisfaction with several parts of the body, state and trait anxiety, and psychological and social problems related to the skin. No significant effect of IMEDEEN was found on any of these psychosocial variables. Suggestions for further research are given.
Administration, Oral↗
Methodological considerations related to ERPs in migraine, differences in pathophysiology or central processes?
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Adult↗
[Care and experiences of 20 set of parents concerning the death of children in a surgical intensive care unit].
OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the attitude and experiences of parents concerning the death of children in a paediatric surgical intensive care unit of a University Children's hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of records from 1988-1992, supplemented with semistructured interviews in the second half of 1992. SETTING: Sophia Children's Hospital-University Hospital Rotterdam. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The evaluation concerned 104 children. In 36 children death was a direct consequence of their illness, 11 died unexpectedly after an unsuccessful attempt at resuscitation, and in the remaining 57 treatment had not been initiated or had been withdrawn. Six months after the death of their child, twenty couples of parents of 20 children were asked after their experiences before, during, and after this death; in addition they were asked whether they would appreciate a longer contact with the hospital. RESULTS: Most parents chose to be present at the moment of dying. The parents generally highly appreciated the talks about the decision-making process and about coming to terms with the loss of their child, both with doctors and nurses. Most also appreciated a talk at some later time. CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that structured guidance of parents concerning their child's death in the form of a counselling programme, is advisable.
Adult↗
Home measures of anxiety, avoidant coping and defence as predictors of anxiety, heart rate and skin conductance level just before invasive cardiovascular procedures.
The question was whether anxiety, heart rate and skin conductance level just before invasive cardiac procedures could be predicted by anxiety related measures obtained at patients homes approximately 3 weeks before treatment. Trait measures of avoidant coping and defence were provided by sixty-three male and thirty-three female patients who were scheduled for a diagnostic or interventional heart catheterization. In hospital physiological measures were registered continuously during a 20 min interview and subsequently patients reported their anxiety. Results with hierarchical regression analysis showed that sex, age, medical variables and state anxiety at home explained 62% of state anxiety in hospital. Female sex predicted high anxiety in hospital while advanced age predicted low anxiety. Medical variables and measures of coping and defence did not add a significant contribution to this prediction of anxiety. Skin conductance and heart rate measures could not be predicted by the psychological measures collected at home.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Quality of life and maladjustment associated with hair loss in women with alopecia androgenetica.
Quality of life and maladjustment related to hair loss were studied by means of a standardized interview in a group of 58 women with alopecia androgenetica who applied for treatment at the Department of Dermatology. The hair loss was found to have a negative influence on the quality of life on the majority of them. In 88%, hair loss had negative effects on their daily life; in about 75%, the hair problems were manifested in negative self-esteem and about 50% experienced social problems. General psychosocial maladjustment in relation to hair loss was indicated in almost one-third of the women.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
A critical note on psychophysiological stress research into migraine patients.
The psychophysiological stress paradigm has been applied to detect pathways through which stress can induce migraine. We propose that the negative and inconsistent findings of previous studies can be ascribed to the restricted psychophysiological scope of these experiments, to insufficient operationalization of the concepts of stress, and to the lack of attention paid to the presence or absence of an attack after a stressful situation. Our present state of knowledge on the pathophysiology of migraine should form the basis for future psychophysiological research, which should focus on patients who are actually stressed and develop an attack afterwards.
Humans↗
Pregnancy termination, perceived control, and perinatal grief.
In a group of 30 women who underwent induced delivery after they had been informed of a lethal fetal anomaly, 18 women reported that this was the outcome of a clear decision process and 12 reported that they had no choice. In contrast to findings in other research areas, the experience of having perceived control was not associated with lower grief scores three months after perinatal loss.
Abortion, Induced↗
[Marked decrease in the number of hospitalizations for gonococcal infections in The Netherlands from 1981-1988].
The number of admissions for gonococcal infections in the Netherlands fell strongly over the period 1981 to 1988, in particular in the 15 to 40-year age group. The decline can only partly be explained by a change in sexual behaviour associated with the fear of AIDS. The change from clinical to outpatient treatment of these infections offers no explanation either because the number of outpatients treated dropped substantially as well.
Adolescent↗
[Number of admissions for Reiter's disease (ICD-9-code 099.3) in Dutch hospitals in 1981-1987].
The number of hospitalisations of male patients for Reiter's syndrome in the Netherlands declined over the period 1981 to 1987 by almost 40%. This decline is probably connected with a change in sexual behaviour, associated with the fear of AIDS. The number of admissions of female patients is considerably smaller than that of male patients, possibly due to underdiagnosis of the disease.
Adolescent↗
Emotional reactions in women in late pregnancy (24 weeks or longer) following the ultrasound diagnosis of a severe or lethal fetal malformation.
We studied the emotional reactions of 41 women in late pregnancy shortly after they had been informed of the diagnosis of 'severe or lethal fetal malformations' and 3 months after delivery. In addition, situational variables were explored as determinants of grieving. While grief did not diminish during the study period, psychological instability was less pronounced at 3 months after delivery. More grief reactions were evoked by self-reported easily versus self-reported not easily initiated pregnancy, gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks versus beyond 34 weeks, multiparity versus primiparity, and viewing versus not viewing the baby.
Adult↗
Abnormal extracranial vasomotor response in migraine sufferers to real-life stress.
Temporal and digital pulse amplitudes, forehead temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and electrodermal activity of 37 migraine patients and 37 matched controls from a population of psychology students were recorded during three experimental sessions: adaptation, real-life stress (an examination) and experimental stress (an IQ test). Migraine sufferers showed significantly smaller pulse amplitudes of the temporal artery during the examination than the control group. No group differences were present in the other physiological measures. The findings are interpreted as indirect evidence for the symptom specificity hypothesis, which states that individuals with specific psychosomatic complaints display abnormal responses to stress in the relevant physiological system.
Adult↗