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Biomedical subjects

J Partanen

Publications and source records attributed to J Partanen.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Biting palsy of the accessory nerve.

A young man was bitten by his girl friend at the anterior border of the left trapezius muscle. Weakness of the trapezius resulted and a longstanding ache in the shoulder developed. Clinically and neurophysiologically, an axonotmesis type crush injury of the accessory nerve was verified.

Accessory Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Dapsone-induced distal axonal degeneration of the motor neurons.

Dapsone proved to be effective treatment in a patient who suffered from erthema elevatum diutinum. Serious neurological side effects, however, appeared. The basic mechanism appeared to be a distal axonal degeneration of the motor neurons. Sensory conduction studies were normal in five consecutive EMG examinations. A diagnosis of anemia pernicosa was also made bu the blood values returned to normal after starting B12-vitamin therapy. Penicous anemia seemed not be an etiological factor in the polyneuropathy of our patient because we were not able toshow any damage to the sensory axons.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pulsatile secretion of ACTH, GH, LH and TSH in man.

Blood samples were taken every 4 min for 80 min from 5 healthy subjects. Plasma ACTH, GH, LH and TSH were estimated by radioimmunoassays. The mean peak intervals were 11, 12, 13 and 14 minutes respectively and mean peak amplitudes were 25 pg, 1.1 ng, 11 ng and 5.3 muU. Mean durations of ascending and descending limbs of the plasma patterns of these hormones were also measured. The timing of the different hormone peaks appeared to be independent.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectral analysis of EEG in Alzheimer's disease: relation to apolipoprotein E polymorphism.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and proposed to have a direct impact on cholinergic function in AD. Slowing of the EEG is characteristic in AD and the cholinergic system has an important role in modulating EEG. Fifty-eight AD patients at the early stage of the disease and 34 age- and sex-matched controls were studied using the quantitative EEG recorded from T6-O2 derivation. AD patients were divided into two subgroups: a) according to the ApoE allele (2 epsilon, 1 epsilon 4, and 0 epsilon 4) and b) according to familial aggregation. AD subgroups did not differ in clinical severity or duration of dementia. The AD patients with the epsilon 4 allele had higher relative theta amplitude and lower relative beta amplitude than controls and patients without the epsilon 4 allele. The peak frequencies were lower in all AD subgroups compared to controls. In conclusion, we found a tendency towards more pronounced EEG slowing in AD patients carrying the epsilon 4 allele. The minor differences in EEG may suggest differences in the degree of the cholinergic deficit in these subgroups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the effects of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine on peripheral nerve conduction.

Twenty-five epileptic outpatients were studied to assess possible effects of the first 6 months of treatment with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine using serial peripheral nerve conduction measurements. Carbamazepine caused a small slowing effect on the motor conduction of the median nerve after 4 weeks of treatment, and the effect was correlated with the fasting serum concentration of the drug. Slowed motor conduction value of the median nerve was also observed after 6 months of treatment with carbamazepine. Oxcarbazepine did not cause any statistically significant slowing of nerve conduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

End plate spikes in the human electromyogram. Revision of the fusimotor theory.

'End plate spike' (EPS) is a spontaneous action potential of a normal striated muscle. EPSs are found in local 'active spots' of the muscle. The prevailing hypothesis about the origin of EPSs states that when a needle electrode affects a motor nerve branch near the neuromuscular junction at the end plate zone, an increased leakage of acetylcholine to the synaptic cleft ensues. This elicits postsynaptic action potentials of the muscle fibre which can be recorded as EPSs with the same needle electrode. Thus EPSs are thought to be caused by needle injury or irritation of the motor axon. We suggest that EPSs are action potentials of intrafusal muscle fibres and that 'active spots' are in fact muscle spindles. Waveform analysis reveals three types of EPSs: small EPSs, not propagated outside the active spot either: i) with negative onset; or ii) with short positive initial deflection; and iii) large EPSs resembling propagated motor unit potentials (MUPs) but with a typical EPS firing pattern, distinctly different from that of the MUPs. Study of EPS activation in different manoeuvres associates small EPSs with intrafusal gamma motor units and large MUP-like EPSs with beta motor units.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tracing past population migrations: genealogy of steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) gene mutations in Finland.

The genealogic origin of steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) mutations and associated haplotypes was determined in 74 unrelated Finnish families with CYP21 deficiency (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, CAH). These families account for two thirds (85/119) of all diagnosed patients of Finnish descent found in this country. We recently demonstrated that multiple founder mutations each associated with a particular haplotype can be found in Finland. Interestingly, some of the haplotypes were identical to those observed in various European populations, whereas others have not been described elsewhere, indicating a local and perhaps a more recent origin. In the present report we show that each of the major founder haplotypes originates from a particular geographic region of Finland. Thus many local genetic isolates are to be expected in Finland. Our finding is in a clear contrast to the genetic diseases known as the 'Finnish disease heritage', in which only one mutation usually predominates. Some of the CYP21 haplotypes proved very informative for analysis of the history of the Finnish population. For example, the origin of one frequent haplotype was shown to cluster in a region assumed by archaeological data to be a major site of immigration by settlers of either Scandinavian or Baltic origin during the first centuries AD. As this haplotype is frequent in many European patient populations, we provide independent genetic evidence of this Iron Age immigration. On the other hand, another frequent haplotype found solely in Finland reflects a more recent (post 15th century) settlement expansion. Consequently, well characterised and sufficiently frequent autosomal gene markers can provide useful information on migrations both between and within populations.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of 238 consecutive patients with the extended data set of the Standardised Audit for Hip Fractures in Europe (SAHFE).

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to introduce the extended data set inquiries of the Standardised Audit of Hip Fractures in Europe (SAHFE) and to report our experiences of its use. METHOD: The extended SAHFE data set was applied to 238 consecutive patients (mean age 78.4 (50 - 102) years, 52 males, 186 females) aged over 50 years with non-pathological fractures of the hip. The extended data set contains 95 questions concerning the patient's abilities prior fall and at follow-up, detailed background factors, concomitant diseases, additional details of the injury, treatment, fracture type and reduction and complications. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of the fractures occurred at home and 38% in a hospital. Thirteen percent of the cervical fractures were non-displaced (Garden 1 & 2) and half of the trochanteric fractures intertrochanteric two-part fractures (A11 - A13). The mean Garden alignment index evaluated from antero-posterior roentgenograms changed from the preoperative 144 degrees to the postoperative 168 degrees and that from lateral projections from 144 degrees to 171 degrees , respectively. Most of the patients (89%) had associated diseases, especially cardiovascular conditions. The patients' functioning was significantly impaired at four months compared with the preoperative situation according to the ADL score. The need for social support and assistance had increased, respectively. A total of 63% of the surgeries were delayed for more than 24 hours. Low molecular weight heparin was given to every patient for thromboembolic prophylaxis and 92% received antibiotic prophylaxis. Urinary tract (21%) and chest infections (7%) were the most common complications. The deep infection rate was 2.5%. CONCLUSION: The extended SAHFE data set is useful and makes it possible to study in more detail the background and outcome factors of hip fractures in a standardized manner.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Altered frontal lobe function suggested by source analysis of event-related potentials in impulsive violent alcoholics.

Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive indicators of subtle alterations in cerebral processes. We assessed automatic auditory adaptation and detection of novel stimuli in violent and non-violent alcoholics and normal subjects. Source analysis of ERPs revealed active medial temporal and frontal regions in all subjects. Frontal lobe processed alerting tones in violent alcoholics, whereas non-violent alcoholics and normal subjects processed them in medial temporal brain areas. Detection of deviant tones appeared simultaneously in frontal and temporal areas in violent alcoholics, but sequentially in other groups. These findings imply alterations in arousal and involuntary adaptive processes in cortical networks associated with violent behaviour and alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical trial with an experimental taurine derivative, taltrimide, in epileptic patients.

The antiepileptic effect, effects on EEG, and tolerability of taltrimide, a new taurine derivative, were studied in this open clinical trial in 27 patients with severe epilepsy resistant to conventional drugs. After the 2-week control phase, taltrimide was given in gradually increasing doses up to 4.0 g/day--this dose used for 12 days. Taltrimide was given over 4 weeks and it was gradually withdrawn over 2 weeks. The frequency of seizures increased statistically significantly during the trial with increasing dose of taltrimide and decreased again in the withdrawal phase of the trial. Of six dropouts, one had status epilepticus, and in two patients increased number or severity of seizures necessitated withdrawal of taltrimide. There were no changes in EEG recordings or in laboratory data for safety evaluation. Taltrimide penetrated well through the blood-brain barrier, with the concentration of its main metabolite, phthalimidoethanesulphonamide, in cerebrospinal fluid, about half that in serum. The concentration of phenytoin increased statistically significantly, and there was a significant decrease in serum carbamazepine concentration during the taltrimide treatment. The anticonvulsive effect of taltrimide observed in animal experiments could not be confirmed in this study; in contrast, the seizures increased statistically significantly during taltrimide treatment. The reason for this remains obscure. The doses used, the significant drug interactions, or the patient material seemingly do not explain totally the noticed increase in seizure frequency. One explanation may be that taltrimide has proconvulsive properties in humans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrophysiologic effects of gamma-vinyl GABA and carbamazepine.

The effects of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) and carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy on somatosensory (SEP) and visual (VEP) evoked potentials and spectral quantitative EEG (QEEG) were studied in 17 patients with complex partial seizures using a cross-over double-blind study design. CBZ was associated with statistically significant prolongation of SEP latencies. When the drug was switched to GVG, shortening of the peak latencies was observed. Prolonged pattern-VEP peaks were observed both during CBZ and GVG monotherapies. A similar but more subtle tendency of the peaks was observed in P100 latencies. Spectral EEG revealed a slowing of the occipital rhythm with CBZ. No QEEG changes related to GVG were found. The use of multimodal evoked potentials and QEEG should be considered in studying the effects of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Adult↗