Anomalous atrioventricular valve arcade.
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Cardiomegaly↗
Biomedical subjects
J Park
Publications and source records attributed to J Park.
Cryopreservation of Papaver somniferum Cell Suspension Cultures*.
The effect of culture age and various cooling rates on the survival and regrowth of cryopreserved cell cultures of PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. is described. Survival and regrowth following cryopreservation, in liquid nitrogen, occurred only with 4 and 5 day old cultures. No regrowth was observed in 3 or 6 day old cultures. Cooling rate had a significant effect on survival following cryopreservation with an optimum cooling rate of 0.5 degrees C min (-1).
Journal Article↗
Tri (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate--an unexpected organochlorine contaminant in some charcoal air-sampling sorbent tubes.
Air sampling in a government building was necessary in response to reports of a cancer cluster. SKC (Eighty Four, Pa.) charcoal coconut shell-based sorbent tubes (226-01 lot 120) were recommended for this procedure. A recently purchased supply was present at the University of British Columbia and consequently was used for this particular study. Analysis of the front charcoal section showed the presence of a flame retardant, tri (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, which was confirmed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and mass spectrometry analysis. In an effort to identify the source of this fire retardant in the building, it became apparent from the analysis done on unknown field blanks that tri (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate was a contaminant of the sorbent tubes used. Analysis of additional blank tubes identified the foam separators as the most likely source of contamination. Levels of tri (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate in the front charcoal section ranged from 1.3 to 5.9 micrograms. The foam separator contained between 11.4 and 16.5 micrograms, and the backup charcoal section contained between 14.5 and 24.0 micrograms of tri (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate. In addition, another flame retardant, tri (1,3 dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate was also found. Because these contaminants have long column retention times in GLC, it may not be apparent that these contaminants are present and consequently are likely to have modified the sorbent characteristics of the activated charcoal. Another batch of sorbent tubes bearing the same catalog number and lot number was purchased from the supplier; no flame retardants were found in this batch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Air Pollutants↗
Interleukin-2 with ex vivo activated killer cells: therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
A phase II study was conducted to examine the efficacy of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells as therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). IL-2 was administered at a fixed dose of 6 x 10(6) U/M2 per day as a 24 h continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) with LAK cells. Eleven patients were entered onto this study and six were evaluable. One patient had a near complete response of 18 months duration. Only two patients were able to complete the regimen without dose reduction. This regimen was poorly tolerated with pulmonary toxicity being the major problem. The partial responder was the only patient to undergo more than one course of therapy. IL-2/LAK therapy may have activity in NSCLC and further studies are warranted in this uniformly fatal disease. However, future studies will have to incorporate less toxic IL-2 regimens.
Adult↗
Beyond stereotypes: a study of some New Zealand women alcohol drinkers.
A comparison of folk categories of types of drinker and recorded alcohol consumption data, both derived from New Zealand women, with established risky levels of drinking indicates that there is some correspondence between folk categories of non-'ordinary' drinking and drinking at epidemiologically defined risky levels. However, of more importance to the majority of women drinkers, women's drinking which is completely socially acceptable and certainly regarded as quite 'ordinary', can also be at or well above risky levels. These findings are discussed in the context of the increasing normalisation of alcohol in women's lives. I argue that they support a 'reduced consumption' rather than a 'safe limits' alcohol policy.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Inhibition of Ehrlichia risticii infection in murine peritoneal macrophages by gamma interferon, a calcium ionophore, and concanavalin A.
Ehrlichia risticii incubated with mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited with thioglycolate broth survived and replicated, thereby allowing examination of the effects of several immunopotentiating agents. Treatment of the macrophages with recombinant murine gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) in vitro at 1 day before or 3 h after infection made the macrophages resistant to infection with E. risticii, and macrophages treated with rMuIFN-gamma at 1 to 3 days after infection developed the capacity to eradicate intracellular E. risticii. Similar effects were seen with macrophages treated with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 before or after E. risticii infection in vitro. Concanavalin A treatment before or 3 h after infection caused the macrophages to become resistant to infection with E. risticii but could confer neither ehrlichiacidal nor ehrlichiastic activity to them once infection had been established for more than 1 day. Bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide were less or not at all effective, respectively, in conferring antiehrlichial activity to macrophages. Finally, protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate, and recombinant tumor necrosis factor did not induce any antiehrlichial activity in macrophages when the macrophages were treated either before or after infection.
Animals↗
Deletions in the tRNA(Lys) primer-binding site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 identify essential regions for reverse transcription.
The initiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription occurs by the extension of a tRNA primer bound near the 5' end of the genomic RNA at a position termed the primer-binding site (PBS). The PBS is an 18-nucleotide region of the HIV-1 genome complementary to cellular tRNA(Lys). To further investigate the sequence requirements for the PBS in reverse transcription, deletions in the PBS were created and subcloned into a plasmid containing the infectious HIV-1 proviral genome. The mutations deleted the entire PBS (delta PBS) or the first 9 (delta 1-9), the second 9 (delta 10-18), or 12 (delta 7-18) nucleotides of the PBS. An additional mutation in the PBS was created in which the second nine nucleotides were deleted and nine additional nucleotides were substituted [Lys(1-9)]. The transfection of plasmids containing the wild-type or mutant proviral genomes into tissue culture cells resulted in expression of the HIV-1 gag and env gene products, as determined by immunoprecipitation using sera from AIDS patients. HIV-1 virus was released from the transfected cells, as determined by analysis of the supernatants for reverse transcriptase activity. The infectivity of the viruses derived from the transfection was examined by coculture experiments with SupT1 cells, which support high-level replication of HIV-1. The transfection of plasmids containing HIV-1 proviral genomes with the delta PBS and PBS (delta 1-9) mutations did not produce infectious virus. In contrast, the HIV-1 proviral genomes with the delta 10-18, delta 7-18, and Lys(1-9) mutations in the PBS produced infectious virus upon transfection, although the kinetics of appearance was significantly delayed for the mutant viruses compared with the wild type. To further explore the nature of this defect, the PBS region from integrated proviral genomes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and individual DNA products were subcloned into M13mp19, followed by a sequence analysis of the PBS region from individual M13 phage clones. In each of the PBS regions examined, the 18-nucleotide PBS complementary to tRNA(Lys) was present. However, nucleotide deletions and insertions were found 3' to the PBS from the samples derived from the transfection of plasmids containing mutant proviral genomes. Upon reinfection, the revertant viruses maintained the deletions 3' to the PBS and had kinetics of replication similar to that of the wild-type virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Overexpression of the gag-pol precursor from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral genomes results in efficient proteolytic processing in the absence of virion production.
The expression of the gag-pol polyprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs via ribosomal frameshifting between the gag and pol genes. Because low levels of the gag-pol precursor are naturally produced in HIV-1-infected cells, a limited amount of information is available on the biology of this molecule. To further study this polyprotein, two mutant HIV-1 proviral genomes were created to position the gag and pol genes in the same translational reading frame. The mutations inserted a single thymidine nucleotide at the site of ribosomal frameshifting (nucleotide 1635), which results in the addition of a phenylalanine residue (frameshift 1 [FS1]), or a single adenine nucleotide, which results in the addition of a leucine residue (frameshift 2 [FS2]). Transfection of the mutant proviral genomes into COS-1 cells resulted in the expression of the p160gag-pol polyprotein precursor as well as the proteolytically processed gag and pol gene products. Metabolic labeling of the transfected cells with [3H]myristic acid revealed that the p160gag-pol and p17gag proteins expressed from the mutant genomes were myristylated. While the supernatants from COS-1 cells transfected with wild-type or mutant proviral genomes contained similar amounts of p24 antigen, the levels of reverse transcriptase were, on the average, 10 times greater in the supernatants from cells transfected with the FS1 and FS2 proviral genomes. The cells transfected with the wild-type proviral genome released infectious viral particles, while the mutant proviral genomes released p24 and reverse transcriptase in the absence of detectable particle formation. The mutant proviral genomes were completely noninfectious as determined by coculture of the transfected COS-1 cells with SupT1 cells. These results demonstrate that the gag-pol polyprotein of HIV-1 contains the appropriate signals for proteolytic processing and association with intracytoplasmic membranes in the absence of virion formation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cionin, a protochordean hybrid of cholecystokinin and gastrin: biological activity in mammalian systems.
The protochordean octapeptide cionin is structurally a hybrid of mammalian cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin, and thus their possible common ancestor. To determine whether cionin behaves like CCK or gastrin, we examined its effect on canine fundic somatostatin cells and on porcine and bovine gallbladder muscles. Cionin released somatostatin with a potency (ED50 0.15 nM) and efficacy (14.8% of cell content) similar to that of CCK-8 (ED50 0.12 nM, efficacy 16.7%). The efficacies but not the potencies of CCK-8 and cionin differed from those of sulfated gastrin (0.12 nM, 9.7%), nonsulfated gastrin (0.20 nM, 9.4%), and nonsulfated CCK-8 (0.30 nM, 10.4%). CCK and gastrin stimulated contractions of porcine gallbladder muscle strips in a concentration-dependent manner with no differences in efficacy but with characteristic differences in potency. CCK-8 and cionin displayed similar potencies of ED50 2.0 and 2.6 nM; both were significantly different from the ED50 of 0.4 microM for sulfated gastrin and 2.3 microM for nonsulfated gastrin. CCK radioligand binding to membrane-enriched preparations of porcine and bovine gallbladder muscularis was specific and of high affinity. The equilibrium data revealed that binding of CCK and gastrin peptides best fit a single site. CCK-8 and cionin displayed similar affinities [Kd 0.5 nM (porcine), 0.5 nM (bovine, CCK) vs. Kd 0.8 and 0.9 nM (cionin), respectively]. These differed again significantly from Kd 0.6 and 1.5 microM (sulfated gastrin) and 0.7 and 0.2 microM (nonsulfated gastrin). The results show that cionin behaves like CCK rather than gastrin in mammals.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[[Changing patterns and projections of headship rates in Korea]].
"The purpose of this study was to calculate the headship rate for time-series analysis,...to review the patterns of changing headship rates and related factors and to estimate the headship rates to 2010 [for the Republic of Korea].... The data used for this study were derived from the Population and Housing Census Reports from 1960 through 1990, U.N. Manual VII and household-related literature....[The authors predict that] the total headship rate will maintain a uniform pattern of decrease and increase by specific age and peak headship rates will gradually extend to younger people.... Rural headship rates will decrease steadily and be greatly influenced by age structure.... In addition, the difference in headship rates between male and female will be great....Lastly, both the divorced and the single will have increasing headship rates for all ages [with] the single [having] the most rapid increase rate after their thirties." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Age Distribution↗
Doping test report of 10th Asian Games in Seoul.
With the guidance of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) introduced doping tests at the 1986 10th Asian Games at Seoul, Korea. From September 21st to October 5th, 1986, 585 samples were tested for stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids and beta-blockers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization immuno assay (TDX system by Abbott Lab.). These tests covered about 100 different drugs and another 400 as metabolites. Information about 1000 different drugs were required to interpret the drug screening data properly. The test results and outcome of findings are summarized. 3.2% of the samples were found to contain a banned drug and doping offenders were penalized accordingly.
Asia↗
Polarized resonance photoemission for Nd2CuO4.
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Journal Article↗
Resonant photoemission study of Nd2-xCexCuO4-y: Nature of electronic states near the Fermi level.
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Journal Article↗
Cellular mechanisms of somatostatin action in the gut.
We have used isolated canine parietal cells to examine the receptor and postreceptor events mediating the inhibitory effects of somatostatin on acid secretion. Somatostatin-14 (S14) and somatostatin-28 (S28) dose dependently inhibited parietal cells stimulated by secretagogues that activate both the adenylate cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the inositol phospholipid/protein kinase C cascades. The inhibitory action was mediated via a specific cell surface receptor that consists of a single subunit protein (molecular weight 99,000 d). This receptor recognized S14 and S28 equally well. Somatostatin inhibited parietal cell activity via mechanisms that are both dependent on and independent of a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein.
Animals↗
The role of pH in the intracellular acetylcholine receptor ligand processing.
Previous studies have shown that the internalized AChRs are transported through many vesicular compartments: Golgi associated vesicles, coated vesicles, smooth vesicles, endosome-like structures and lysosomes. These compartments have an acidic pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5. The pH differences between organelles suggests that these differences may influence the sorting and final expression of AChRs. To test this hypothesis, we measured the number of counts of 125I-alpha BTX or 125I-Mab35 dissociated from myotube membranes containing AChRs as a function of pH. Neither the 125I-alpha BTX nor 125I-Mab35 showed an enhanced dissociation in the pH range 4.0-7.0, whereas lowering the pH to 6.0 or below enhanced the dissociation of 125I-alpha 2-macroglobulin from myotubes. In other experiments using Torpedo membrane we showed that neither 125I-alpha BTX nor 125I-Mab35 appreciably dissociated from the AChR unless the pH was less than 4 or above 11. Double-label studies using a novel membrane permeable acidotropic molecule DAMP (3-(2,4 nitroanilino) 3'amino-N-methyl-dipropylamine), facilitated mapping the pH of the intracellular compartments containing internalized AChRs. This molecule accumulates inside acidic compartments in the cell and has a dinitrophenol (DNP) group recognized by DNP specific antibodies. Cells were treated with 30 micrograms DAMP for 30 min and allowed to internalize Mab35-gold (15 nm) for various periods (0-15 h). At each time point we fixed and washed the cells, and incubated with anti-DNP monoclonal antibodies followed by incubation with anti-mouse IgG and protein A colloidal gold (5 nm). Different sized gold particles allowed us to simultaneously identify the AChR compartments and estimate their pH. Sister cultures were exposed to acidotropic drugs to destroy pH gradients. Under those conditions, AChR delivery to lysosomes was blocked. Our studies show that AChRs are transported through acidic compartments ranging from pH 4.5 to 6.5 and in contrast to other ligands they do not dissociate from the intracellular membranes at low pH.
Animals↗
Senescence and stomatal aperture as affected by antibiotics in darkness and light.
In leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare), as previously found with oats (Avena sativa), a group of six antibiotics that interfere in different ways with the sequence DNA --> mRNA --> protein all delay senescence in the dark, acting to conserve chlorophyll (Chl) and protein and also to open the stomata. Among the active compounds is chloramphenicol, which had previously been reported to act only on procaryotes. It is now shown that all these compounds with senescence-delaying action in darkness have the opposite effect in light, accelerating Chl destruction and partially or completely closing the stomata. Leaves of the dicot Tropaeolum majus show most of the same responses, though the changes in protein and amino acids are more variable. The data as a whole support the previous conclusion that the synthesis of one or more proteins controls both the opening and the closing of the stomata. An additional compound, kanamycin, acts in the same way as the other six compounds on oats and barley, though its action on proteolysis is unclear. On Tropaeolum, however, it opens the stomata in both light and darkness. Anisomycin and ethidium bromide have comparably atypical effects. Thus, although changes in stomatal opening or closing in the majority of cases are closely linked to the breakdown or preservation of Chl, the occasional exception shows that the biochemical phenomena of senescence cannot be under the direct control of changes in stomatal aperture.
Journal Article↗
Event-related potential characteristics in children of alcoholics from high density families.
Sons and daughters (ages 8-14) of male alcoholics without psychiatric problems were compared with sons and daughters of controls employing two auditory paradigms to elicit event-related potentials (ERPs). All of the children of alcoholics were from high density families (each father had an average of 3.7 first and second-degree relatives meeting criteria for alcoholism). Subjects were presented with high- and low-pitched tones with global probabilities of 25% and 75% of total trials, respectively. Subjects were instructed to count silently the number of "high" tones (rare targets) but not the number of "low" tones (non-targets) and report the number heard. In a second auditory paradigm (Choice Reaction task), subjects were asked to perform a different motor response to each high or low tone. The amplitude of the P300 component was influenced significantly by event probability (decreased amplitudes were associated with increased event probability). A greater rate of decrease in P300 amplitude occurred among the high risk children as event probability increased. In addition, greater negativity beginning at approximately N250 was observed for both tasks at the frontal electrode for the high risk children as compared to controls. This enhanced frontal negativity is interpreted in terms of a maturational lag hypothesis.
Adolescent↗
Individual effects on married women's labor force participation in Korea.
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Asia↗