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Biomedical subjects

J Paris

Publications and source records attributed to J Paris.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The S. pombe aurora-related kinase Ark1 associates with mitotic structures in a stage dependent manner and is required for chromosome segregation.

Metazoans contain three aurora-related kinases. Aurora A is required for spindle formation while aurora B is required for chromosome condensation and cytokinesis. Less is known about the function of aurora C. S. pombe contains a single aurora-related kinase, Ark1. Although Ark1 protein levels remained constant as cells progressed through the mitotic cell cycle, its distribution altered during mitosis and meiosis. Throughout G2 Ark1 was concentrated in one to three nuclear foci that were not associated with the spindle pole body/centromere complex. Following commitment to mitosis Ark1 associated with chromatin and was particularly concentrated at several sites including kinetochores/centromeres. Kinetochore/centromere association diminished during anaphase A, after which it was distributed along the spindle. The protein became restricted to a small central zone that transiently enlarged as the spindle extended. As in many other systems mitotic fission yeast cells exhibit a much greater degree of phosphorylation of serine 10 of histone H3 than interphase cells. A number of studies have linked this modification with chromosome condensation. Ark1 immuno-precipitates phosphorylated serine 10 of histone H3 in vitro. This activity was highest in mitotic extracts. The absence of the histone H3 phospho-serine 10 epitope from mitotic cells in which the ark1(+) gene had been deleted (ark1.Delta1); the inability of these cells to resolve their chromosomes during anaphase and the co-localisation of this phospho-epitope with Ark1 early in mitosis, all suggest that Ark1 phosphorylates serine 10 of histone H3 in vivo. ark1.Delta1 cells also exhibited a reduction in kinetochore activity and a minor defect in spindle formation. Thus the enzyme activity, localisation and phenotype arising from our manipulations of this single fission yeast aurora kinase family member suggest that this single kinase is executing functions that are separately implemented by distinct aurora A and aurora B kinases in higher systems.

Anaphase↗
PubMed2001

[Should the lingual nerve be protected during germectomy? A prospective study apropos of 300 procedures].

PURPOSE: Lingual nerve damage is one of the main complications of mandibular third molar removal. In literature, the series published are heterogeneous so we have decided to study the importance of the lingual protection only during germectomies (wisdom teeth without root formation). METHODS: We conducted a randomized prospective study in 300 germectomies, operated by the same skilled surgeon. These 300 third molar removals have been divided in two groups, one with lingual nerve protection and one without. RESULTS: Lingual nerve injuries following germectomies, with or without lingual protection was 0%. CONCLUSION: In germectomies, one can avoid lingual protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Childhood precursors of borderline personality disorder.

The childhood precursors of borderline personality disorder are largely unknown. High-risk studies of "borderline children," as well as studies of the children of adult borderline patients, can shed light on the issue. Prospective research is needed to address these problems substantively.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Progesterone receptor activation. an alternative to SERMs in breast cancer.

Data regarding the effects of progesterone and a progestagen on human normal breast epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis are presented here. In postmenopausal women, adding progesterone to percutaneously administrated oestradiol significantly reduces the proliferation induced by oestradiol. In vitro and in premenopausal women, stopping the administration of nomegestrol acetate triggers a peak of apoptosis. Fibro-adenoma and cancerous cells do not show this regulation of apoptosis. Progesterone seems to be important in normal breast homeostasis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

Conformational restriction of the Tyr53 side-chain in the decapeptide HE.

A series of conformationally restricted analogs of the hen egg lysozyme (HEL) decapeptide 52-61 in which the conformationally flexible Tyr53 residue was replaced by several more constrained tyrosine and phenylalanine analogs was prepared. Among these tyrosine and phenylalanine analogs were 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Htc), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic), 4-amino- 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-8-hydroxy-2-benzazepine-3-one (Hba), 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepine-3-one (Aba), 2-amino-6-hydroxytetralin-2-carboxylic acid (Hat) and 2-amino-5-hydroxyindan-2-carboxylic acid (Hai) in which the rotations around Calpha-Cbeta and Cbeta-Cgamma were restricted because of cyclization of the side-chain to the backbone. Synthesis of Pht-Hba-Gly-OH using a modification of the Flynn and de Laszlo procedure is described. Analogs of beta-methyltyrosine (beta-MeTyr) in which the side-chains were biased to particular side-chain torsional angles because of substitution at the beta-hydrogens were also prepared. These analogs of HEL[52-61] peptide were tested for their ability to bind to the major histocompatibility complex class II I-Ak molecule and to be recognized in this context by two T-cell hybridomas, specific for the parent peptide HEL[52-61]. The data showed that the conformation and also the configuration of the Tyr53 residue influenced both the binding of the peptide to I-Ak and the recognition of the peptide/I-Ak complex by a T-cell receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Pronounced effect of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides on nasal absorption of IS-159, a peptide serotonin 1B/1D-receptor agonist.

OBJECTIVES: This double-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study in 12 healthy male subjects investigated the influence of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides on the pharmacokinetics of IS-159 (serotonin-carboxylmethyleneoxy-L-tyrosylglycinamide), a peptide serotonin 1B/1D-receptor agonist, after intranasal administration. METHODS: A dose of 4 mg IS-159 was administered in a volume of 200 microL, once in the presence and once in the absence of 2% caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides. Plasma concentrations of IS-159 were measured over a period of 12 hours for determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. Systemic and local tolerability were assessed at regular time points, the latter by rhinoscopy and visual analog scales. RESULTS: Caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration (from 4.7 +/- 1.7 to 48 +/- 17 ng/mL) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (from 12 +/- 4.7 to 56 +/- 22 ng x h/mL) of IS-159. The time to maximum concentration (15 to 20 minutes) and the elimination half-life (2.0 to 2.3 hours) were not different between the two treatments. Rhinoscopic examination revealed no differences between treatments, but in the presence of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides subjects reported more local and systemic adverse events and on the visual analog scales greater nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. CONCLUSION: 2% caprylocaproyl macrogolglyceride markedly increased the absorption of IS-159 through the nasal mucosa and elicited only mild irritant effects.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

The primacy of early experience: a critique, an alternative, and some clinical implications.

The author critically examines the concept that early childhood experience plays a centrally important role in psychological development. This principle is contradicted by a wide range of evidence, most particularly that the cumulative effect of adverse experiences is more important than timing, and that children are resilient to a wide range of adverse events. An alternative model is offered, rooted in the interactions between temperament and childhood experiences. Some clinical implications of the model are also explored.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Canadian psychiatry across 5 decades: from clinical inference to evidence-based practice.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the evolution of the epistemological basis of Canadian psychiatry over the last 50 years. METHOD: A comparison of the content of The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry in its early years, then known as the Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, with publications from recent years, shedding light on broader trends in psychiatric theory and practice. RESULTS: A dramatic change has occurred in Journal content, from clinical inference to an evidence-based approach, reflecting stronger biological orientations, as well as empirical psychosocial research. CONCLUSIONS: Epistemological changes in psychiatry are a positive development. The future should bring an even stronger neuroscience base as well as an evidence-based approach to psychotherapy.

Canada↗
PubMed2000

The classification of personality disorders should be rooted in biology.

As scientific classifications develop over time, they become based less on observations and more on mechanisms. Existing dimensional schema are limited by being overly broad and by being rooted in self-report rather than theory. Future models should be consistent with a scientific hierarchy, leading to a bottom-up classification of traits and disorders, linking molecular genetics, neurobiological markers, and temperamental variations.

Genetic Predisposition to Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Posterior disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint. Apropos 2 cases].

Posterior displacement of the temporo-mandibular joint disk is exceptional. The most typical clinical sign is sudden onset unilateral molar open bite. This lateral open bite is accompanied by a sensation of an intra-articular foreign body and more rarely by painful episodes. The joint sounds are not characteristic. Mouth opening is slightly limited. There is no consensus concerning treatment. Conservative treatment can be prescribed in cases with functional impairment. First line invasive techniques should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Predispositions, personality traits, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

This review suggests an explanation for the finding that trauma is a necessary but insufficient condition for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Predispositions affecting vulnerability to stress can help to account for discrepancies between traumatic exposure and pathological outcome. Such predispositions may be rooted in personality traits that shape the cognitive processing of stressful events, but they are also influenced by both prior life experiences and social supports. All of these observations are consistent with a biopsychosocial model of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Causality↗
PubMed2000

Hemangioma of the facial nerve.

UNLABELLED: To discuss the interest of the etiologic diagnosis of a facial palsy. STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Two cases of geniculate ganglion hemangioma with progressive facial palsy are reported. RESULTS: Hemangioma of the facial nerve is a rare and benign vascular tumor that originates from the venous plexus surrounding the facial nerve. The most common locations are the internal auditory canal and the geniculate ganglion. Diagnosis of these small tumors is radiological with CT-scan and MRI studies. Surgical excision through a supra-petrosal approach is the gold standard treatment. Hemangiomas of the facial nerve and particularly those developed in the geniculate ganglion area constitute a rare but not inconsiderable facial palsy etiology. An acute diagnosis and an early excision are fundamental to preserve a satisfactory facial function.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Psychological risk factors for borderline pathology in school-age children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children with borderline pathology have a specific pattern of psychological risk factors. METHOD: The subjects were 94 school-age children in day treatment, divided into borderline (n = 41) and nonborderline (n = 53) groups using the child version of the Retrospective Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. All children were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, and the Psychosocial Questionnaire. Parental pathology was assessed by a computerized version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Children with borderline pathology had higher rates of physical abuse, sexual abuse, severe neglect, as well as family breakdown and parental criminality. In multivariate analyses, the discriminating factors were sexual abuse and parental criminality. Borderline pathology was highly comorbid with conduct disorder, but most of these results remained significant in reanalyses comparing children with and without conduct disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Borderline pathology in children has a unique pattern of risk factors not accounted for by conduct disorder alone.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of some criteria used to select patients for brief psychodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of brief psychotherapy is established, but criteria for the selection of patients remain elusive. This study examines the usefulness of some widely used criteria for the selection of patients for brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT). METHODS: A checklist of 39 criteria often used in a teaching hospital to screen patients for BPT was constructed. Scores derived from a principal components analysis of this checklist provided one set of predictor criteria. A second measure was derived from the consensual agreement of the independent ratings by 3 prominent advocates of BPT. A third predictor was derived from a similar analysis of items from the checklist on which consensual agreement for their relevance was obtained from the independent ratings of 23 BPT teachers in 16 university-affiliated hospitals. Reliable chart-based ratings of improvement in symptoms, increased insight, and improvement in general functioning of a convenience sample of 43 patients treated with BPT in the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital served as outcome measures. RESULTS: No correlation between any of the derived predictors and any of the measures of outcome was significant after a Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION: Teachers and clinicians still do not have good criteria for the selection of patients who will benefit from BPT. Exclusion of severe behavior disorders may, however, improve outcome rates by more than 15%.

Humans↗