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Biomedical subjects

J Palmer

Publications and source records attributed to J Palmer.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Extended duration of herpes simplex virus DNA in genital lesions detected by the polymerase chain reaction.

To evaluate the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for documenting herpes simplex virus (HSV) in persons with reactivated genital lesions viral isolation was compared with a recently developed PCR method. Three women experiencing four episodes of recurrent genital herpes were followed for 10 days per episode with daily examination and duplicate swabs of the lesions, one for HSV culture and one for PCR. HSV type 2 was cultured from three of four episodes and the mean duration of viral isolation from recurrent genital lesions was 2.6 days. PCR detected HSV DNA from lesion swabs during all four episodes, and HSV DNA was positive for an average of 6.8 days. HSV DNA was demonstrated in ulcerative lesions on 15 of 17 days versus 3 of 17 days by viral isolation (P less than .01). HSV PCR became negative when the lesions reepithelialized. These data suggest that PCR is a more sensitive measure of HSV infection than routine viral culture and that PCR detects the presence of HSV at times when culture is negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomography guided stereotactic thalamotomy using the Brown-Roberts-Wells system for nonparkinsonian movement disorders. Technical note.

A technique is described for stereotactic thalamotomy, using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) system and computed tomography (CT) without the need for ventriculography. Previous reports have suggested that the BRW system lacks sufficient accuracy (compared with ventriculography) for CT-directed functional neurosurgery. However, using this method, our findings demonstrate excellent clinical accuracy and safety in 12 consecutive patients with nonparkinsonian movement disorders.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Statistical modelling in analysis of prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme: a study of clinical variables and Ki-67 index.

Statistical modelling was used to analyse clinical features and the Ki-67 proliferation index in a study of 77 cases of glioblastoma multiforme. Relative youth, frontal tumour site and treatment with external beam radiation had an important positive influence on survival. The pre-operative Karnovsky score and the presence of necrosis were not related to outcome. Despite the attractive hypothesis that rapidly proliferating tumours might be associated with a worse prognosis compared with slowly proliferating lesions, the Ki-67 index in this study offered no prognostic information even when individual sites were considered separately. The use of this form of computer modelling and its role in analysis of prognostic data is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of intractable arterial hemorrhage during stereotactic brain biopsy with thrombin. Report of three patients.

Of 165 consecutive patients undergoing computerized tomography- or magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic brain biopsies at the Cleveland Clinic between June, 1987, and November, 1989, four patients (2.4%) developed arterial hemorrhage refractory to conventional efforts to secure hemostasis. Craniotomy was performed in one of these patients to control the hemorrhage; in the other three, 0.5 to 2 cc of thrombin (5000 U/cc) was slowly injected via the biopsy cannula, resulting in immediate control of bleeding in all three cases. Postoperatively, the first two patients treated with 1 to 2 cc of thrombin were slow to awaken; one had evidence of vasospasm by transcranial Doppler ultrasound studies and multiple infarcts on cranial computerized tomography, while the other had a moderate-sized frontal hematoma with intracranial hypertension. After prolonged recovery periods, only mild neurological deficits persisted in both patients. The third patient, treated with 0.5 cc of thrombin, had an uneventful postoperative course. Thrombin is highly effective for stopping intractable arterial hemorrhage during stereotactic brain biopsy; however, it is a vasospastic agent and may have been responsible for the cerebral infarctions in one patient. Therefore, thrombin should be used only as a last resort, short of craniotomy, to control intractable arterial hemorrhage during stereotactic brain biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Memory for objects and parts.

Performance on whole comparisons of two whole objects was compared to that for partial comparisons of a whole object and a part. In particular, same-different comparisons were measured for sequential displays of two-dimensional line figures. The comparisons were analogous to those in the word priority paradigm (Johnson, 1975). The whole comparisons were found to be more accurate and faster than the partial comparisons. This whole advantage was also found for accuracy using a two-alternative forced-choice procedure. This effect was found for brief displays of a single object and for longer duration displays of two objects. It was also found for three different sets of line figures. In contrast, the whole advantage was not found for unconnected figures. These findings were interpreted in the context of hierarchical representations of objects and parts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Neonatal isoerythrolysis in newborn foals].

Aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy of neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals are presented. Neonatal isoerythrolysis is caused by isoimmunisation of a brood mare to the Aa and Qa erythrocyte antigens of the foal. The disease can develop, when the mare does not possess Aa resp. Qa blood group antigens, is sensitized to the Aa or Qa erythrocyte antigens--i.e. through pregnancy, parturition, blood resp. plasma transfusions, etc.--and the foal suckles colostral antibodies to its own blood cells. Aa and Qa antibodies can cause haemagglutination and haemolysis in the foal, with a consequent decline in erythrocytes, PCV and haemoglobin resulting in several clinical symptoms. In most instances the first signs of the disease are noticed by day 2 and 3, ranging from 8 to 96 hours of life. Diagnosis is based upon clinical examination and determination of erythrocyte count, PCV and haemoglobin concentration and can be further confirmed by immunological tests. Several tests can be used to prevent the occurrence of neonatal isoerythrolysis in the newborn foal. Prior to parturition, brood mares can be typed for blood groups and tested for antibodies to Aa and Qa in order to identify mares at risk for causing neonatal isoerythrolysis in the foal. After birth, compatibility of the mare's colostrum and the foal's erythrocytes can be checked by the "jaundice foal agglutination" test. Some instructions for prophylaxis of neonatal isoerythrolysis and for the treatment by red blood cell resp. whole blood transfusions are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[CT in radiation enteritis].

The computed tomography findings of 18 patients who had received radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies were reviewed retrospectively. They include bowel wall thickening, mainly in central areas and in contact with anterior abdominal wall, mesenteric thickening, without masses and rectal and presacral space involvement. The differential diagnosis of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Protection against allergen-induced asthma by salmeterol.

The effects of the long-acting beta 2-agonist salmeterol on early and late phase airways events provoked by inhaled allergen were assessed in a group of atopic asthmatic patients. In a placebo-controlled study, salmeterol 50 micrograms inhaled before allergen challenge ablated both the early and late phase of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction over a 34 h time period. Salmeterol also completely inhibited the allergen-induced rise in non-specific bronchial responsiveness over the same time period. These effects were shown to be unrelated to prolonged bronchodilatation or functional antagonism. These data suggest novel actions for topically active long-acting beta 2-agonists in asthma that extend beyond their protective action on airways smooth muscle.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative SPECT by attenuation correction of the projection set using transmission data: evaluation of a method.

A method for measuring attenuation coefficients in single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) is described and evaluated, together with a method for attenuation correction using these measured attenuation coefficients. Build-up, caused by scattered photons, is corrected for by a simple substitution in the algorithms. Transmission studies are performed with a 99mTc- or 57Co flood source, and emission phantom studies with 99mTc line sources. The method is evaluated with variable but well-defined phantoms. The result is accurate attenuation coefficients for different densities, dimensions and geometries, and an accuracy of corrected emission activities of better than +/- 10% in most cases. The present limitations of the method for attenuation correction are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic soft tissue: CT appearance.

A case of aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic tissue is described. The characteristic clinical presenting symptoms together with radiographic findings can be suggestive of this disease. Computed tomography (CT) clearly depicted a solid mass in the pelvis without invasion of visceral structures and reaching caudally into the perineal region.

Female↗
PubMed1990

The use of CT for selectron patients.

Radiation-induced bladder and rectal complications are recognized complications of intracavitary therapy. In clinical studies the correlation between dose calculated and complications seen are inconsistent. The inconsistency is also present when utilizing the reference points recommended by the ICRU. We attempted to illustrate this inconsistency when looking at the bladder or rectum in intracavitary treatments. If reference points are inconsistent with maximum doses (which directly affect morbidity), their application is dubious.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information.

Attentional limits on perception and memory were measured by the decline in performance with increasing numbers of objects in a display. Multiple objects were presented to Ss who discriminated visual attributes. In a representative condition, 4 lines were briefly presented followed by a single line in 1 of the same locations. Ss were required to judge if the single line in the 2nd display was longer or shorter than the line in the corresponding location of the 1st display. The length difference threshold was calculated as a function of the number of objects. The difference thresholds doubled when the number of objects was increased from 1 to 4. This effect was generalized in several ways, and nonattentional explanations were ruled out. Further analyses showed that the attentional processes must share information from at least 4 objects and can be described by a simple model.

Adult↗